Download or read book Comparisons of Mobile Source Air Toxics Risks Associated with Using Conventional and Reformulated Gasoline written by Sung-Hoon Yoon and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Motor Vehicle related Air Toxics Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mobile source Air Toxics written by Health Effects Institute. Air Toxics Review Panel and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special Report 16 summarizes the health effects of exposure to the 21 Mobile-Source Air Toxics (MSATs) defined by the 2001 EPA mobile-source rulemaking and critically analyzes the literature for a subset of seven MSATs (acetaldehyde, acrolein, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, naphthalene, and polycyclic organic matter*). The report also assesses and summarizes research gaps and unresolved questions, as understood in the context of the current regulatory agenda. The Report focuses on MSATs for which mobile sources are a sizable source of human exposure and for which existing data suggest that health effects might be observed at concentrations approaching those found in ambient air. For each MSAT, the following questions are addressed: (1) To what extent are mobile sources a significant source of exposure to this MSAT? (2) Does this MSAT affect human health? (3) Does this MSAT affect human health at environmental conditions? Special Report 16 describes a review performed by a Special Panel with expertise in exposure assessment, toxicology, clinical medicine, and epidemiology. The Panel reviewed the peer-reviewed literature on MSATs, reached key conclusions, and made recommendations for future research. The completed report was reviewed by experts in a variety of fields and amended to reflect the useful comments and critiques.
Download or read book Air Quality Effects of Alternative Fuels Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To support the Alternative Fuels Utilization Program, a comparison of potential air quality effects of alternative transportation fuels is being performed. This report presents the results of Phase 1 of this program, focusing on reformulated gasoline (RFG), methanol blended with 15 percent gasoline (M85), and compressed natural gas (CNG). The fuels are compared in terms of effects on simulated future concentrations of ozone and mobile source air toxics in a photochemical grid model. The fuel comparisons were carried out for the future year 2020 and assumed complete replacement of gasoline in the projected light-duty gasoline fleet by each of the candidate fuels. The model simulations were carried out for the areas surrounding Los Angeles and Baltimore/DC, and other (non-mobile) sources of atmospheric emissions were projected according to published estimates of economic and population growth, and planned emission control measures specific to each modeling domain. The future-year results are compared to a future-year run with all gasoline vehicle emissions removed. The results of the comparison indicate that the use of M85 is likely to produce similar ozone and air toxics levels as those projected from the use of RFG. Substitution of CNG is projected to produce significantly lower levels of ozone and the mobile source air toxics than those projected for RFG or M85. The relative benefits of CNG substitution are consistent in both modeling domains. The projection methodologies used for the comparison are subject to a large uncertainty, and modeled concentration distributions depend on meteorological conditions. The quantitative comparison of fuel effects is thus likely to be sensitive to alternative assumptions. The consistency of the results for two very different modeling domains, using very different base assumptions, lends credibility to the qualitative differentiation among these fuels. 32 refs., 42 figs., 47 tabs.
Download or read book Mobile Toxics Human Health Risk Assessment Framework written by Mohammad Munshed and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emissions from passenger cars, buses, commercial trucks, and motorcycles operated on highways, streets, and roads are major contributors to air pollution. Research led by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) identified more than 1000 air toxic compounds in exhaust and evaporative emissions from on-road mobile sources. Under a federal mandate, the U.S. EPA is obligated to regulate the emissions of 187 pollutants, known as Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) or air toxics. HAPs emitted from mobile sources are called Mobile Source Air Toxics (MSATs). Compounds within a subgroup of these MSATs are identified by the U.S. EPA as being carcinogens. Additionally, MSATs cause noncancer serious health effects such as tumor formation, cardiovascular disease, damage to the immune system, neurological disorders, reproductive disorders, and respiratory problems. The U.S. EPA estimates approximately half of the cancer risk from air toxics is attributed to mobile sources, whereas, 74 % of noncancer health impacts from air toxics are a result of exposure to emissions from mobile sources. The quantification of these risk risks associated with MSATs remains limited to date. Only 20 of the MSATs have ambient air quality standards to protect human health. This work presents a novel and validated approach to quantify the myriad health risks associated with on-road mobile emissions. This approach is introduced in the form of a pipelined analysis process, which may be employed in existing and new road projects. The result of this research is a new approach to provide regulators and risk analysts a more detailed awareness of the health impacts of these MSATs in current and future contexts. A distinguished feature between this framework and conventional analysis is providing the handshake between the different models that generate the on-road mobile source emission inventories, conduct the air dispersion modeling, and run the risk engine to calculate the risk estimates. Furthermore, this framework will overcome existing limitations such as roadway geometry characterization in different models.
Download or read book Air Quality Management in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-08-30 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing the nation's air quality is a complex undertaking, involving tens of thousands of people in regulating thousands of pollution sources. The authors identify what has worked and what has not, and they offer wide-ranging recommendations for setting future priorities, making difficult choices, and increasing innovation. This new book explores how to better integrate scientific advances and new technologies into the air quality management system. The volume reviews the three-decade history of governmental efforts toward cleaner air, discussing how air quality standards are set and results measured, the design and implementation of control strategies, regulatory processes and procedures, special issues with mobile pollution sources, and more. The book looks at efforts to spur social and behavioral changes that affect air quality, the effectiveness of market-based instruments for air quality regulation, and many other aspects of the issue. Rich in technical detail, this book will be of interest to all those engaged in air quality management: scientists, engineers, industrial managers, law makers, regulators, health officials, clean-air advocates, and concerned citizens.
Download or read book Hidden Costs of Energy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-05-26 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security. While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.
Download or read book The Report of the Strategic Options Subcommittee written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Relative Risk Reduction Strategies Committee. Strategic Options Subcommittee and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Energy Trends written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development and Independent Agencies Appropriations for 2001 Environmental Protection Agency written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reformulated Gasoline RFG written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Reformulated Fuels Act of 2000 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reducing Risk written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Relative Risk Reduction Strategies Committee and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alternative Fuels and the Environment written by Frances S. Sterrett and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-10-12 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alternative Fuels and the Environment evaluates the timely issue of renewable, alternative resources to fossil fuels and nuclear energy, such as solar, anemoelectric, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy. These alternative power sources not only have the advantage of being renewable, but they are also economically attractive and have minimal adverse environmental impact, such as the waste emission of SO2, NOx, or greenhouse gases. This book analyzes the harnessing of the sun's energy by photochemical reactions, artificial photosynthesis, and photovoltaic electric power generation. It further discusses how hydrogen as fuel is produced by solar photoelectrolysis of water and how wind turbines generate electricity, while ocean thermal energy produces electric power and fresh water. Geothermal energy and hydroelectric power are also renewable sources of electricity. Biofuels and biomass are useful as energy sources, and surplus land is usable for woody, herbaceous, high-yield energy crop production. The book also investigates reformulated gasoline with oxygenated fuels, such as ethanol or methanol.
Download or read book Environmental Law Handbook written by Daniel M. Steinway and published by Government Institutes. This book was released on 2009-10-15 with total page 996 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Twentieth Edition references all regulatory changes made in the last two years and provides legal insight into understanding the requirements of the environmental laws. It examines all of the issues and changes that have arisen since the publication of the last edition.
Download or read book Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development and Independent Agencies Appropriations for 1998 Environmental Protection Agency written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Issues Concerning the Use of MTBE in Reformulated Gasoline written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
