Download or read book COMPARISON OF YOUTH MIGRATION PATTERNS ACROSS COHORTS IN THE U S written by Yan Guo and published by . This book was released on 2010-03 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of Youth Migration Patterns Across Cohorts written by Yan Guo and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research is a systematic comparison of youth migration experiences between two birth cohorts, using the first ten rounds of two national longitudinal surveys of youth, NLSY79 and NLSY97. Results show both changes and continuities in youth migration patterns across cohorts for ages16-25. Specifically, youth today have a delayed but stronger migration momentum than the late baby boom generation, the dividing point being at age 22. Women are more likely to migrate than men in the recent cohort, but not in the older cohort. Whites migrate considerably more than blacks and Hispanics consistently across cohorts. The likely life events in youth's transition to adulthood are important indicators of youth's migration propensity for both cohorts. Particularly, graduating with a bachelor's degree is the most powerful predictor of youth's migration propensity. Other life events such as getting married; becoming separated, divorced, or widowed; dropping out of college; and losing a job are also significantly associated with youth migration. In general, the effects of these life events on youth's migration propensity are weakened across cohorts, but the importance of having a college degree on migration propensity has been increasing.
Download or read book Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-16 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good-or equally poor-health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life.
Download or read book Race Ethnicity Gender and the Pursuit of Economic Opportunity in the Age of the Migration Decline written by Christine Elizabeth Leibbrand and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is frequently assumed that today's population is more mobile than ever, exhibiting little attachment to the origin places of their youth. Indeed, scholars and commentators espouse this supposed rootlessness as one of the fundamental distinctions between recent generations of young adults and previous generations. However, these assumptions belie the reality that internal migration rates have been declining steadily and quite steeply since 1980. Rather than an increasing tendency towards rootlessness, something seems to be keeping individuals in place. While scholars have recently investigated a number of potential explanations for this decline, no study has been able to fully explain the decline and much about it remains a mystery. In particular, we have very little knowledge about the potential implications of this decline for individuals. It is unclear whether contemporary generations of migrants and/or non-migrants are faring worse economically than their predecessors, which could suggest that the migration decline is associated with harmful economic changes, or whether the migration decline is suggestive of harmless or even beneficial changes that may make migration increasingly unnecessary. We have even less knowledge of how the potential implications of the internal migration decline are structured by race, ethnicity, and gender. In this dissertation I compare two cohorts of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to investigate these gaps in our understanding. In Chapter 2, I utilize 25 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1979 (NLSY79) to explore whether race, ethnicity, and gender intersect to shape the economic returns associated with internal migration, as well as racial and ethnic disparities in these relationships across gender. I find that internal migration is associated with larger economic benefits for white relative to black and Hispanic men and, as a result, larger racial and ethnic disparities in economic outcomes for men. For women, in contrast, internal migration is associated with larger wage benefits for white women, but larger work hour benefits for black and Hispanic women that cumulatively correspond to slightly narrower racial and ethnic disparities in economic outcomes. These findings illustrate the importance of employing an intersectional lens for internal migration research and point to the possibility that internal migration reinforces the privileged position of white men. In Chapter 3, I link both the NLSY79 and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 (NLSY97) and examine whether the returns to migration and the economic wellbeing of young adult migrants and non-migrants have changed across these two cohorts, the former cohort having been young adults early in the migration decline and the latter cohort having been young adults late in the decline. While the economic returns to migration have not changed across these cohorts and the economic wellbeing of migrants has remained largely unchanged, the economic outcomes of non-migrants have deteriorated over time. As such, non-migrants may increasingly be left behind geographically and economically, potentially hindering their abilities to migrate should they wish to. In Chapter 4, I integrate the insights garnered in Chapters 2 and 3 to explore whether changes in the returns to migration and in the economic wellbeing of migrants and non-migrants vary across race, ethnicity, and gender. The findings from this chapter complicate the findings from Chapter 3, illustrating that it is largely white men and women that have experienced changes in their economic wellbeing, while black men and, especially, black women exhibit declines in their returns to migration. Hispanic women and men, in contrast, have experienced little change in their economic outcomes across cohorts. Chapter 5 concludes by pointing to the importance of taking an intersectional perspective when studying the internal migration decline and internal migration more broadly. Chapter 5 also highlights the potential role of internal migration in shaping disparities in outcomes, particularly between blacks and whites. The findings from this dissertation offer a number of important contributions to the internal migration and racial/ethnic stratification literature. In particular, they demonstrate that our understanding of internal migration and the internal migration decline are incomplete without considering the unique contexts in which individuals find themselves, including their racial/ethnic and gender backgrounds, as well as the time periods in which they live and work. I also illustrate that black women and men are experiencing declines in their average probabilities of migrating, as well as declines in their returns to migration. These findings suggest potentially fruitful areas for future research, such as investigating whether the migration decline has been exacerbated by experiences that are particularly prevalent among the black community. Migration's historically important role in improving blacks' economic outcomes suggests that it is important to understand why migration may be less beneficial for blacks now than in the past and whether these changes threaten to further exacerbate inequality in an already unequal society.
Download or read book Unravelling Europe s Migration Crisis written by Crawley, Heaven and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past few years have seen an unprecedented mass migration to Europe, as refugees from war and poverty throughout north Africa and the Middle East have embarked on perilous journeys across the Mediterranean in the hope of being allowed to start new lives in Europe. This book draws on more than five hundred firsthand accounts to reveal the human story behind the statistics and demagoguery. What is it like to set out for Europe with your family, knowing the dangers you face on the way? Why are so many people willing to risk their lives crossing the Mediterranean? What are their hopes and fears? And why is Europe, one of the richest regions of the world, unable to cope? More than just telling a human story, Heaven Crawley and colleagues provide a framework for understanding the dynamics underpinning the current wave of migration and challenging politicians, policy makers, and the media to rethink their understanding of why and how people move. --
Download or read book Internal Migration in the United States written by Raven S. Molloy and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-08 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews patterns in migration within the U.S. over the past thirty years. Internal migration has fallen noticeably since the 1980s, reversing increases from earlier in the century. The decline in migration has been widespread across demographic and socioeconomic groups, as well as for moves of all distances. Although a convincing explanation for the secular decline in migration remains elusive and requires further research, the authors find only limited roles for the housing market contraction and the economic recession in reducing migration recently. Despite its downward trend, migration within the U.S. remains higher than that within most other developed countries. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book Continuity and Change in Youth Migration Patterns from the Mediterranean written by Ummuhan Bardak and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labour emigration has been a structural feature of the Arab Mediterranean Countries (AMC) economies since the 1960s. Considering high proportion of youth in AMC's population, difficult labour market conditions without decent jobs, and the political transition after the Arab Spring, this paper looks at the continuity and change of youth migration patterns from the AMCs. Continuity and change are discussed through reviewing typical profiles of migrants (age, gender), their education levels, labour market status and reasons for migration. The traditional Arab migrant destinations of Europe and the Gulf are revisited in terms of economic and political developments and the evolution in their migration policy. A particular reference is made to the EU's policy developments and the impact of the Arab Spring on emigration flows. The paper ends with the conclusions of: small change based on "path-dependency", continuing pressure of emigration flows, and the unfitting skills set of potential migrants within the context of global job market. Recommendations focus on improving skills and education cooperation between the EU and the AMCs.
Download or read book The Scramble for Europe written by Stephen Smith and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the harrowing situation of migrants trying to cross the Mediterranean in rubber dinghies to the crisis on the US-Mexico border, mass migration is one of the most urgent issues facing our societies today. At the same time, viable solutions seem ever more remote, with the increasing polarization of public attitudes and political positions. In this book, Stephen Smith focuses on ‘young Africa’ – 40 per cent of its population are under fifteen – anda dramatic demographic shift. Today, 510 million people live inside EU borders, and 1.25 billion people in Africa. In 2050, 450 million Europeans will face 2.5 billion Africans – five times their number. The demographics are implacable. The scramble for Europe will become as inexorable as the ‘scramble for Africa’ was at the end of the nineteenth century, when 275 million people lived north and only 100 million lived south of the Mediterranean. Then it was all about raw materials and national pride, now it is about young Africans seeking a better life on the Old Continent, the island of prosperity within their reach. If Africa’s migratory patterns follow the historic precedents set by other less developed parts of the world, in thirty years a quarter of Europe’s population will beAfro-Europeans. Addressingthe question of how Europe cancope with an influx of this magnitude, Smith argues for a path between the two extremes of today’s debate. He advocatesmigratory policies of ‘good neighbourhood’ equidistant from guilt-ridden self-denial and nativist egoism. This sobering analysis of the migration challenges we now face will be essential reading for anyone concerned with the great social and political questions of our time.
Download or read book The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community.
Download or read book Asian and Hispanic Immigrant Women in the Work Force written by Fung-Yea Huang and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-03-05 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1997. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book The Future of Migration to Europe written by matteo villa and published by Ledizioni. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even as the 2013-2017 “migration crisis” is increasingly in the past, EU countries still struggle to come up with alternative solutions to foster safe, orderly, and regular migration pathways, Europeans continue to look in the rear-view mirror.This Report is an attempt to reverse the perspective, by taking a glimpse into the future of migration to Europe. What are the structural trends underlying migration flows to Europe, and how are they going to change over the next two decades? How does migration interact with specific policy fields, such as development, border management, and integration? And what are the policies and best practicies to manage migration in a more coherent and evidence-based way?
Download or read book Generation in Waiting written by Navtej Dhillon and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Young people in the Middle East (15–29 years old) constitute about one-third of the region's population. Growth rates for this age group trail only sub-Saharan Africa. This presents the region with an historic opportunity to build a lasting foundation for prosperity by harnessing the full potential of its young population. Yet young people in the Middle East face severe economic and social exclusion due to substandard education, high unemployment, and poverty. Thus the inclusion of youth is the most critical development challenge facing the Middle East today. A Generation in Waiting portrays the plight of young people, urging greater investment designed to improve the lives of this critical group. It brings together perspectives from the Maghreb to the Levant. Each chapter addresses the complex challenges facing young people in many areas of their lives: access to decent education, opportunities for quality employment, availability of housing and credit, and transitioning to marriage and family formation. This volume presents policy implications and sets an agenda for economic development, creating a more hopeful future for this and future generations in the Middle East. Selected contributors include Ragui Assaad (University of Minnesota), Brahim Boudarbat (University of Montreal), Jad Chaaban (American University in Beirut), Nader Kabbani (Syria Trust for Development), Taher Kanaan (Jordan Center for Public Policy Research and Dialogue), Djavad Salehi-Isfahani (Wolfensohn Center for Development and Virginia Tech), and Edward Sayre (University of Southern Mississippi).
Download or read book Immigration Policy and the Search for Skilled Workers written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The market for high-skilled workers is becoming increasingly global, as are the markets for knowledge and ideas. While high-skilled immigrants in the United States represent a much smaller proportion of the workforce than they do in countries such as Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, these immigrants have an important role in spurring innovation and economic growth in all countries and filling shortages in the domestic labor supply. This report summarizes the proceedings of a Fall 2014 workshop that focused on how immigration policy can be used to attract and retain foreign talent. Participants compared policies on encouraging migration and retention of skilled workers, attracting qualified foreign students and retaining them post-graduation, and input by states or provinces in immigration policies to add flexibility in countries with regional employment differences, among other topics. They also discussed how immigration policies have changed over time in response to undesired labor market outcomes and whether there was sufficient data to measure those outcomes.
Download or read book The New Americans written by Panel on the Demographic and Economic Impacts of Immigration and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-10-28 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds light on one of the most controversial issues of the decade. It identifies the economic gains and losses from immigration--for the nation, states, and local areas--and provides a foundation for public discussion and policymaking. Three key questions are explored: What is the influence of immigration on the overall economy, especially national and regional labor markets? What are the overall effects of immigration on federal, state, and local government budgets? What effects will immigration have on the future size and makeup of the nation's population over the next 50 years? The New Americans examines what immigrants gain by coming to the United States and what they contribute to the country, the skills of immigrants and those of native-born Americans, the experiences of immigrant women and other groups, and much more. It offers examples of how to measure the impact of immigration on government revenues and expenditures--estimating one year's fiscal impact in California, New Jersey, and the United States and projecting the long-run fiscal effects on government revenues and expenditures. Also included is background information on immigration policies and practices and data on where immigrants come from, what they do in America, and how they will change the nation's social fabric in the decades to come.
Download or read book Migrant Opportunity and the Educational Attainment of Youth in Rural China written by Alan de Brauw and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates how reductions of barriers to migration affect the decision of middle school graduates to attend high school in rural China. Change in the cost of migration is identified using exogenous variation across counties in the timing of national identity card distribution, which made it easier for rural migrants to register as temporary residents in urban destinations. The analysis first shows that timing of identification card distribution is unrelated to local rainfall shocks affecting migration decisions, and that timing is not related to proxies reflecting time-varying changes in village policy or administrative capacity. The findings show a robust negative relationship between migrant opportunity and high school enrollment. The mechanisms behind the negative relationship are suggested by observed increases in subsequent local and migrant non-agricultural employment of high school age young adults as the size of the current village migrant network increases.
Download or read book China s New Generation Rural Urban Migrants written by Xiaochu Hu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of China's roughly 145 million rural-urban migrants were born after 1980, making this population the “new generation” of internal migrant workers. Having been directly influenced by China's rapid economic growth and recent socio-demographic policy changes, this cohort of rural-urban migrants have different migration motivations compared to their father's generation, and demonstrate interesting migration patterns. The paper provides a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the new generation migrants as it reveals the young migrants' social goals, expectations, employment choices, and sociocultural integration in cities. This research uses in-depth interview data collected in December 2006 and February 2007 in Guangzhou City and Bozhou rural areas. The first part of this research examines the primary migration motivation and reasons for migrants to relocate or change jobs. A variety of non-economic migration reasons were found, which expresses distinct new-generation characteristics such as being tired of school, being attracted by the city life or exploring the world. In terms of relocation and changing job reasons, intolerance of over-loaded jobs and adverse working conditions were frequently cited by the young migrants. They were also found to strategically change jobs to align with personal and career interests, which used to be a luxury for rural-urban migrants. The second part of the research explores a typology of the new generation migrants according to the social migration patterns: Career Builders, Family Helpers, Emotional Explorers and Lost Followers, with stories and quotes from each prototype. Then, the paper discusses how young migrants transfer from one type to another as they stay in the cities longer. A version of this paper appeared in the Migration Information Source, the online journal of the Migration Policy Institute (Washington DC in January 2012).
Download or read book Internal Migration as a Life Course Trajectory written by Aude Bernard and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-20 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book responds to growing calls to conceptualise and analyse internal migration as a trajectory that unfolds over the life course of individuals rather than a series of discrete events. It combines macro and micro modes of analysis into a cohort framework to explore how individuals transition from one migration to the next. The book presents new methodological developments in longitudinal analysis and applies them to internal migration in 27 European countries. It demonstrates that the traditional dichotomy between migrants and non-migrants conceals a wide range of migration behaviour and heterogeneity among repeat migrants. It also reveals a continuity of migration behaviour: being exposed to the challenges and benefits of migration early in life predisposes individuals toward migration in adulthood. By adopting a cohort approach to migration coupled with state-of-the-art methods and novel concepts, this book provides new insights into internal migration for graduate students, academics and policymakers interested in understanding migration behaviour in Europe and beyond.
