Download or read book Comparison of the Impacts of Thermal Pretreatment on Waste Activated Sludge Using Aerobic and Anaerobic Digestion written by Hyungjun Jo and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal pretreatment systems are typically employed to improve waste-activated sludge (WAS) dewaterability and to treat sludge prior to anaerobic digestion. It is important to understand how WAS properties are affected during pretreatment to be able to assess the performances of processes utilizing pretreated WAS (PWAS). However, there are no generally accepted means of characterizing and comparing pretreatment processes. A pretreatment model for high temperature thermal hydrolysis was developed previously for one pretreatment condition. The motivation for this project stemmed from the need to extend the range of thermal pretreatment conditions to span the range of conditions commonly employed in practice and to evaluate the impact of these pretreatment conditions on WAS chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionation. The two main objectives of this study were to fractionate the COD of WAS before and after pretreatment for several high temperature thermal pretreatment conditions and to compare the impact of pretreatment on aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability. The secondary objectives were to investigate how pretreatment affected the rate and extent of aerobic and anaerobic digestion of WAS. The data employed in this study was collected by others following the work of Staples-Burger (2012) and was generated by pretreatment of sludges at 125°C, 150°C, and 175°C for 10, 30 and 50 minutes. Physical and biochemical properties were measured for raw WAS (BR WAS) and PWAS. Offline and online respirometric data were used to evaluate the aerobic biodegradability of BR WAS and PWAS and to fractionate the COD of the BR WAS and PWAS. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests were conducted for BR WAS and PWAS to evaluate the anaerobic biodegradability of BR WAS and PWAS. BioWin® was used to aid in determining the WAS COD fractionation before and after pretreatment, and to determine whether pretreatment changed the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of the WAS. It was found that the high pressure thermal hydrolysis (HPTH) pretreatment conditions employed substantially solubilized the COD, organic nitrogen and volatile suspended solids (VSS) in the range of 30 - 55%, 23 - 41% and 30 - 89% respectively. Total COD (TCOD) was however not reduced by pretreatment indicating that organics were not mineralized. These findings closely agreed with the conclusions made in the literature. Pretreatment did not increase the overall extent to which WAS could be aerobically biodegraded. The fraction of non-biodegradable COD as represented by endogenous decay products (Ze) in the BR WAS were not converted to biodegradable form by pretreatment. However, pretreatment increased the rate at which WAS could be aerobically biodegraded as indicated by an increase in the fractions of readily biodegradable COD (Sbsc) in the PWAS. Pretreatment increased both the rate and extent of anaerobic biodegradability. The ultimate methane yield and the methane production rate were both increased when compared to the ultimate methane yield and methane production rate observed in BMP tests conducted on BR WAS. The experimental results were combined with BioWin® modeling to determine that the BR WAS consisted of 79% Zbh and 18% endogenous decay products (Ze). The endogenous decay products fraction remained at 18% through pretreatment and the concentration of active biomass (Zbh) in PWAS was deemed to be negligible. HPTH pretreatment at the employed temperatures and durations transformed the biodegradable fraction of BR WAS (Zbh) to 16.5 - 34.6% Sbsc and 45.8 - 63.6% slowly biodegradable COD (Xsp) of the TCOD concentration. The same PWAS COD fractionations were employed in anaerobic biodegradability test modeling and it was concluded that the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of PWAS was different. Up to 50% of the endogenous decay products were converted to biodegradable substrate (Xsp) due to HPTH pretreatment. It was determined that both pretreatment temperature and duration were important in solubilizing organic matter in the WAS. Increasing the pretreatment temperature and duration generally increased the organics solubilization. However, the impact of pretreatment temperature and duration on WAS COD fractions were inconclusive. The increase in organics solubilization did not correspond to how much of the biodegradable COD of BR WAS was converted to Sbsc by pretreatment.

Download or read book Effect of Thermal Pretreatment on Digestibility of Thickened Waste Activated Sludge and Primary Sludge in Two stage Anaerobic Digestion written by Rubaiya Sarwar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigated the effect of high pressure thermal (HPTH) pretreatment on the biodegradability of a mixture of primary sludge (PS) and thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) in single-and two-stage continues anaerobic digestion. The HPTH was applied to the TWAS only at 1500C and 3 bars for 30 minutes. All the systems were operated at mesophilic temperature (350C). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of TWAS pretreatment on hydrolysis and fermentation in acid phase digesters and to evaluate potential for increased methane production in the subsequent methanogenic digester. For the two-stage systems, the impact of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on performance was evaluated at two different conditions. The biodegradability of TWAS after pretreatment was evaluated through BMP tests and an increase of 16% biodegradation was observed with pretreated TWAS (PTWAS) as compared to raw TWAS. The HPTH also increased the solubilisation of TWAS by 25-34%. The biodegradable products generated in the pretreated stage were further hydrolyzed and acidified in the acidogenic stage and produced 2 fold higher VFAs in the pretreated digester compared to the control digester. To evaluate the impact of PT on hydrolysis dynamic tests were employed and a two-component hydrolysis model was fit to the data. The readily biodegradable hydrolysis coefficient (Kr) for the control and pretreated digesters were 3.09 d-1 and 2.53 d-1 respectively. Thus, the overall rates of solubilisation were higher for the control than the pretreated digester. However, the advanced pretreatment stage was capable of producing 10% more VFA/TCOD compared to the control. The dynamic tests showed that despite slower hydrolysis rates in the pretreated digesters this PT was capable of producing higher fermentation products in the pretreated digester of the acidogenic phase. The results of this study showed that the HPTH pretreatment resulted in about a 30% increase in the methane production in both single and two-stage processes. Also, same yield value of 0.16 L CH4/ g TCOD added was found for the pretreated digester in two stage system with 10 day HRT and in the control digester of single stage system with 13 day HRT. Thus, integration of pretreatment with two stage digestion yielded similar methane production to that observed with a control that had an extended HRT.

Download or read book Application of Sewage Sludge in Industrial Wastewater Treatment written by Maulin P. Shah and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-03-28 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: APPLICATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE IN INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT Comprehensive reference examining activated sludge technologies in industrial wastewater treatment, combining a theoretical framework with practical methodologies Application of Sewage Sludge in Industrial Wastewater Treatment provides a roadmap to the methodologies for the treatment of industrial wastewaters from several major sectors integrating theory and practice, highlighting the importance of sewage sludge technologies in industrial wastewater treatment to clean up the environment from pollution caused by human activities, and assessing the applications of several existing activated sludge techniques and introduces new emerging technologies. All discussion within the text is based on a solid theoretical background. Application of Sewage Sludge in Industrial Wastewater Treatment covers key topics such as: Issues related to activated sludge treatment, such as biodegradability-based characterization, modelling, assessment of stoichiometric, and kinetic parameters and design Issues related to industrial pollution control, such as in-plant control, effect of pretreatment, and more Recently increasing quantity and complexity of toxic effluents, which can be bio remediable for plants and suitable microbes, whether natural or customized for specific purposes Ecological, profitable, and natural solutions designed to eliminate heavy metals, radionuclides, xenobiotic compounds, organic waste, pesticides, and more This reference provides an essential, one-of-a-kind, integrated approach for environmental microbiologists, biochemical engineers, environmental engineers, effluent treatment plant operators, and biologists and chemists at wastewater treatment plants.

Download or read book Aerobic Granular Sludge written by S. Bathe and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2005-03-31 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerobic Granular Sludge has recently received growing attention by researchers and technology developers, worldwide. Laboratory studies and preliminary field tests led to the conclusion that granular activated sludge can be readily established and profitably used in activated sludge plants, provided 'correct' process conditions are chosen. But what makes process conditions 'correct'? And what makes granules different from activated sludge flocs? Answers to these question are offered in Aerobic Granular Sludge. Major topics covered in this book include: Reasons and mechanism of aerobic granule formation Structure of the microbial population of aerobic granules Role, composition and physical properties of EPS Diffuse limitation and microbial activity within granules Physio-chemical characteristics Operation and application of granule reactors Scale-up aspects of granular sludge reactors, and case studies Aerobic Granular Sludge provides up-to-date information about a rapidly emerging new technology of biological treatment.

Download or read book Advanced Biological Physical and Chemical Treatment of Waste Activated Sludge written by Antoine Prandota Trzcinski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, research efforts aiming to improve energy efficiency of wastewater treatment processes for large centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been increasing. Global warming impacts, energy sustainability, and biosolids generation are among several key drivers towards the establishment of energy-efficient WWTPs. WWTPs have been recognized as major contributors of greenhouse gas emissions as these are significant energy consumers in the industrialized world. The quantity of biosolids or excess waste activated sludge produced by WWTP will increase in the future due to population growth and this pose environmental concerns and solid waste disposal issues. Due to limited capacity of landfill sites, more stringent environmental legislation, and air pollution from incineration sites, there is a need to rethink the conventional way of dealing with wastewater and the sludge production that comes with it. This book provides an overview of advanced biological, physical and chemical treatment with the aim of reducing the volume of sewage sludge. Provides a comprehensive list of processes aiming at reducing the volume of sewage sludge and increasing biogas production from waste activated sludge. Includes clear process flowsheet showing how the process is modified compared to the conventional waste activated sludge process. Provides current technologies applied on full scale plant as well as methods still under investigation at laboratory scale. Offers data from pilot scale experience of these processes

Download or read book Effect of Acid and Base Pretreatment on the Anaerobic Digestion of Excess Municipal Sludge written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The treatment and disposal of sewage sludge is a growing problem worldwide due to the continuing increase in sludge production from biological wastewater treatment plants and recent stringent regulations regarding sludge treatment and disposal. To date, the primary disposal methods for the excess sludge produced are landfilling, incineration and application in agricultural or forestland [1]. The high water content of the sludge makes incineration expensive and faces restrictions on disposal in modern landfills due to the tendency to reduce the amount of organic matter applied. Agricultural use seems to be the best options but several constraints exist due to health related problems such as odors, heavy metals content or pathogens and hazardous compounds that may be present in the sludge preventing their use in farming [2]. In this context, anaerobic sludge digestion represents a good sludge treatment alternative, decreasing the amount of solids present in the sludge with consequent reductions in disposal cost. Furthermore, we have to consider the advantage represented by energy recovery in the form of methane production that can be utilized as an energy source at the facility [3]. The present research project evaluates the combined use of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for sludge chemical pretreatment to improve the performance of anaerobic digestion by extending the effectiveness of solids hydrolysis which is considered the rate-limiting step in the process [4]. The effect of temperature and the length of pre-treatment were initially evaluated to optimize the pretreatment process prior to use of any anaerobic treatment. Once the results of this experiment are analyzed, the performance of anaerobic digestion with chemical pretreatment using different combinations of primary and waste activated sludge pretreatment with either acid or base was studied. Two different SRTs for anaerobic digestion, 10 and 20 days, were investigated using duplicate reactors for each condition. Two reactors (number 1 and 6), used as control, were fed with a mixture of untreated primary and waste activated sludge in a mass ratio 1:1 with a combined VSS concentration around 30 g/l. Two reactors (number 2 and 4) were fed with a mixture of primary sludge pretreated with HCl and activated sludge pretreated with NaOH. The last two reactors (number 3 and 5) were fed with a mixture of primary sludge treated with NaOH and activated sludge treated with HCl. The same primary and waste activated sludge mass ratio as the one used to feed the control reactors were maintained in the four reactors fed with the chemically pretreated sludge. Monitored parameters were: TSS, VSS, total and soluble COD, Total Kjheldahl Nitrogen (TKN), Ammonia, Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), pH, Phosphates, metals concentration, fecal coliforms concentration and gas production and composition. As expected, the results showed that 20 days SRT provided higher VSS and COD removal than 10 days SRT for all the three configurations evaluated. For both SRTs, the mixture of primary sludge treated with NaOH and activated sludge treated with HCl resulted in higher VSS and COD removal. VSS removal averaged from 37.2% in reactor 1 and 38.6% in reactor 6 for the 10 days SRT. Increasing the SRT to 20 days led to 46.6% and 44% VSS removal for reactor 1 and 6, respectively. Reactors 2 and 4 led to an overall average VSS removal of 44% for the 10 days SRT experiment which increased to around 50% in both reactors during the 20 days SRT experiment. For both SRTs, reactors 3 and 5 provided the highest average solids reduction with values around 46% for 10 days treatment and close to 53% for 20 days SRT (Chapter 7.2.1). It has to be considered that, in terms of maximum solids destruction, for the 10 days SRT experiment, a highest solids removal value of 47.8% was achieved in reactor 3 while 56.7% removal was obtained in reactor 5 when the SRT increased to 20 days. A similar trend was obtained when the COD removal has been considered. The two control reactors, 1 and 6, averaged from the 37.2% and 38.1% removal for the 10 days SRT experiment to values around 45% when the SRT was increased to 20 days. An overall average COD removal of 44.5 and 43.2% was achieved in reactors 2 and 4, respectively, for the 10 days SRT experiment and increased to around 47% in both reactors when the SRT was increased to 20 days. For both SRTs, reactors 3 and 5 provided the highest average COD removal with values around 45% for 10 days treatment experiment and close to 51% for 20 days SRT. For both retention times, all reactors exhibited good reproducibility in the replicates. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration was very low for both 10 and 20 days SRT in all reactors and weekly gas analysis exhibited a methane content of approximately 65%, meaning good overall performance of anaerobic digestion. The research proposed showed that anaerobic sludge digestion can be successfully used as sludge treatment alternative to reduce the amount of solids present in the sludge, with consequent reductions in disposal costs. Furthermore, compared with other sludge pretreatment options, the combined use of strong acid and strong base as chemical sludge pretreatment resulted in a good balance between solids reduction, process stability and cost reduction.

Download or read book Effect of Sludge Pretreatment Using Microwaves on Anaerobic Digestion written by Nutthapong Teeradej and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sludge Engineering written by F. Dilek Sanin and published by DEStech Publications, Inc. This book was released on 2011 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for advanced students and practitioners of wastewater engineering, this text explains the theory and quantitative rationale for treating wastewater and industrial sludges, with public safety and efficiency in mind. It offers important information on various practices for safe and legal sludge disposal.

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Thermochemical Pretreatment on the Dewaterability and Biodegradability of Waste Activated Sludge written by Nishant Rao and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Progress in Exergy Energy and the Environment written by Ibrahim Dincer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 1055 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thorough and highly relevant volume examines exergy, energy and the environment in the context of energy systems and applications and as a potential tool for design, analysis, optimization. It further considers their role in minimizing and/or eliminating environmental impacts and providing for sustainable development. In this regard, several key topics ranging from the basics of the thermodynamic concepts to advanced exergy analysis techniques in a wide range of applications are covered.

Download or read book Biomethane through Resource Circularity written by Sadhan Kumar Ghosh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-31 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomethane through resource circularity: Research, Technology and Practices is an invaluable resource for researchers, policy makers, implementers and PhD and Marsters level students in universities analyzing the present status, waste biomass including agro wastes, success in experimentation & commercial production, future needs and other relevant areas. While huge biomass is wasted by open burning, there is potential of energy generation that can be extracted from the biomass preventing GHG emission and creating business opportunities. Abundance and renewable bioenergy can contribute to a more secure, sustainable, and economically sound future through biomethanation process by selecting followings: Supply chain sustainability of clean energy sources Appropriate Anaerobic Digestion technology with different feedstock Processes Parameter Optimization and best fit conditions, Productivity, Purification of biogas and end use Economic feasibility as business case, Commercialization, generating employment and Revitalizing rural economies This book addresses most of the above issues in lucid manner by experts in the field from different countries which are helpful for the related stakeholders edited by experts in the field.

Download or read book Waste Management and Valorization written by Elena Cristina Rada and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Edited by a leading researcher in the field, this book provides an overview of waste valorization and includes the editor’s research in addition to other experts and recent and relevant studies on this critical topic. It covers treatment and pretreatment technologies and methodologies, energy recovery from solid wastes, recycling and reuse, additional cutting-edge valorization methodologies. Primarily aimed at researchers and advanced students in biochemical, engineering, and environmental fields, this book should also provide a valuable reference for municipal legislators and industry practitioners.

Download or read book Investigation of the Impacts of Thermal Activated Sludge Pretreatment and Development of a Pretreatment Model written by Gillian Staples-Burger and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste activated sludge (WAS) pretreatment technologies are typically evaluated in terms of the associated improvement in biogas and sludge production during digestion and post-digestion dewaterability. However, WAS properties, and hence the impact of pretreatment on WAS properties, are dependent upon the raw wastewater composition and configuration of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). A generally accepted means of characterizing and comparing all pretreatment processes does not exist. The motivation for this project was to evaluate the impact of pretreatment on WAS properties in terms of changes in COD fractionation. The first objective of this study was to fractionate the COD of the WAS before and after pretreatment to show how pretreatment may increase the rate and extent of aerobic digestion. The second objective was to develop a COD-based stoichiometric pretreatment model that may be integrated into WWTP simulations.

Download or read book Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering written by Jonathan W-C Wong and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Solid Waste Management provides extensive coverage of new developments, state-of-the-art technologies, and potential future trends, reviewing the latest innovative developments in environmental biotechnology and bioengineering as they pertain to solid wastes, also revealing current research priority areas in solid waste treatment and management. The fate of solid wastes can be divided into three major areas, recycling, energy recovery, and safe disposal. From this foundation, the book covers such key areas as biotechnological production of value added products from solid waste, bioenergy production from various organic solid wastes, and biotechnological solutions for safe, environmentally-friendly treatment and disposal. The state of the art situation, potential advantages, and limitations are discussed, along with proposed strategies on how to overcome limitations. - Reviews available bioprocesses for the production of bioproducts from solid waste - Outlines processes for the production of energy from solid waste using biochemical conversion processes - Lists various environmentally friendly treatments of solid waste and its safe disposal

Download or read book Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology written by Duncan Mara and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-08-07 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Access to safe water is a fundamental human need and therefore a basic human right" --Kofi Annan, United Nations Secretary General Edited by two world-renowned scientists in the field, The Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology provides a definitive and comprehensive coverage of water and wastewater microbiology. With contributions from experts from around the world, this book gives a global perspective on the important issues faced in the provision of safe drinking water, the problems of dealing with aquatic pollution and the processes involved in wastewater management. Starting with an introductory chapter of basic microbiological principles, The Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology develops these principles further, ensuring that this is the essential text for process engineers with little microbiological experience and specialist microbiologists alike. Comprehensive selection of reviews dealing with drinking water and aquatic pollution Provides an understading of basic microbiology and how it is applied to engineering process solutions Suitable for all levels of knowledge in microbiology -from those with no background to specialists who require the depth of information

Download or read book Sludge Reduction Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plants written by Paola Foladori and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2010-07-31 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sludge Reduction Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plants is a review of the sludge reduction techniques integrated in wastewater treatment plants with detailed chapters on the most promising and most widespread techniques. The aim of the book is to update the international community on the current status of knowledge and techniques in the field of sludge reduction. It will provide a comprehensive understanding of the following issues in sludge reduction: principles of sludge reduction techniques; process configurations; potential performance; advantages and drawbacks; economics and energy consumption. This book will be essential reading for managers and technical staff of wastewater treatment plants as well as graduate students and post-graduate specialists.