Download or read book Comparison of the Complete Genome Sequences of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv Syringae B728a and Pv Tomato DC3000 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complete genomic sequence of Pseudomonas syringae pathovar syringae B728a (Pss B728a), has been determined and is compared with that of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). The two pathovars of this economically important species of plant pathogenic bacteria differ in host range and other interactions with plants, with Pss having a more pronounced epiphytic stage of growth and higher abiotic stress tolerance and Pst DC3000 having a more pronounced apoplastic growth habitat. The Pss B728a genome (6.1 megabases) contains a circular chromosome and no plasmid, whereas the Pst DC3000 genome is 6.5 mbp in size, composed of a circular chromosome and two plasmids. While a high degree of similarity exists between the two sequenced Pseudomonads, 976 protein-encoding genes are unique to Pss B728a when compared to Pst DC3000, including large genomic islands likely to contribute to virulence and host specificity. Over 375 repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences (REPs) unique to Pss B728a when compared to Pst DC3000 are widely distributed throughout the chromosome except in 14 genomic islands, which generally had lower GC content than the genome as a whole. Content of the genomic islands vary, with one containing a prophage and another the plasmid pKLC102 of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Among the 976 genes of Pss B728a with no counterpart in Pst DC3000 are those encoding for syringopeptin (SP), syringomycin (SR), indole acetic acid biosynthesis, arginine degradation, and production of ice nuclei. The genomic comparison suggests that several unique genes for Pss B728a such as ectoine synthase, DNA repair, and antibiotic production may contribute to epiphytic fitness and stress tolerance of this organism.

Download or read book Comparison of the Complete Genome Sequences of Pseudomonassyringae Pv Syringae B728a and Pv Tomato DC3000 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complete genomic sequence of Pseudomonas syringaepathovar syringae B728a (Pss B728a), has been determined and is comparedwith that of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). Thesetwo pathovars of this economically important species of plant pathogenicbacteria differ in host range and apparent patterns of interaction withplants, with Pss having a more pronounced epiphytic stage of growth andhigher abiotic stress tolerance and Pst DC3000 having a more pronouncedapoplastic growth habitat. The Pss B728a genome (6.1 megabases) containsa circular chromosome and no plasmid, whereas the Pst DC3000 genome is6.5 mbp in size, composed of a circular chromosome and two plasmids. While a high degree of similarity exists between the two sequencedPseudomonads, 976 protein-encoding genes are unique to Pss B728a whencompared to Pst DC3000, including large genomic islands likely tocontribute to virulence and host specificity. Over 375 repetitiveextragenic palindromic sequences (REPs) unique to Pss B728a when comparedto Pst DC3000 are widely distributed throughout the chromosome except in14 genomic islands, which generally had lower GC content than the genomeas a whole. Content of the genomic islands vary, with one containing aprophage and another the plasmid pKLC102 of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Among the976 genes of Pss B728a with no counterpart in Pst DC3000 are thoseencoding for syringopeptin (SP), syringomycin (SR), indole acetic acidbiosynthesis, arginine degradation, and production of ice nuclei. Thegenomic comparison suggests that several unique genes for Pss B728a suchas ectoine synthase, DNA repair, and antibiotic production may contributeto epiphytic fitness and stress tolerance of this organism. Pseudomonassyringae, a member of the gamma subgroup of the Proteobacteria, is awidespread bacterial pathogen of many plant species. The species P.syringae is subdivided into approximately 50 pathovars based onpathogenicity and host range. P. syringae is capable of producing avariety of different symptoms depending on the host species and site ofinfection. For example, it causes leaf spot diseases that defoliateplants such as tomato, bean, soybean, trunk cankers, and so-called"blast" diseases on fruit, nut and ornamental species. Considerablevariation occurs both between and within different pathovars of P.syringae (1). Because of its importance as a plant pathogen, it has beenthe subject of much research, especially of its epidemiology andvirulence mechanisms (2). Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) strainB728a is typical of most strains of this pathovar in that it exhibits avery pronounced epiphytic phase on plants. Such strains achieve andmaintain large populations on healthy plants, where they are exposed tostressful conditions such as dryness and sunlight that are hostile tobacterial growth(2). Epiphytic Pss populations serve as inocula that cansubsequently invade plants and initiate disease. Pss strains are distinctfrom many P. syringae strains, such as P. syringae pv. tomato (Pst)strain DC3000, that poorly colonize the exterior of plants; these strainsmay be considered "endophytes" based on their ability to multiply mostlywithin the plant (3). True epiphytes such as Pss B728a often reachsurface populations of over 107 cells/g while strains such as Pst DC3000seldom exceed 105 cells/g (2, 3). Thus, these strains might be consideredto occupy different ends of the epiphytic/endophytic spectrum of plantcolonization as described by Beattie and Lindow (4). As a pathogen and anepiphyte, Pss B728a has evolved to exploit at least two distincthabitats: the leaf surface and apoplast. Because rapid changes intemperature, low water content, and incident solar radiation occur onleaf surfaces, it has been hypothesized that the epiphyte Pss B728aposseses more genes conferring environmental stress tolerance than theendophyte Pst DC3000 (4). Pss B728a also exhibits several traits such asice nucleation activity and SR production (2) that are lacking in manyother strains of P. syringae including Pst DC3000. As the most icenucleation active bacterial species, P. syringae is responsible forinciting frost injury to frost sensitive plants that can supercool andavoid damaging ice formation if not colonized by ice nucleation activebacteria (2,4). We present here a genomic comparison between strains PssB728a and Pst DC3000 of P. syringae pathovars as well as between thesestrains and P. aeruginosa and P. putida, two additional Pseudomonadsrecently sequenced. These genomic comparisons provide insights into theevolutionary history and diverse life styles of the pseudomonads, including their association with the environment, plant or mammalianhosts.

Download or read book Effectors in Plant Microbe Interactions written by Francis Martin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-03 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants and microbes interact in a complex relationship that can have both harmful and beneficial impacts on both plant and microbial communities. Effectors, secreted microbial molecules that alter plant processes and facilitate colonization, are central to understanding the complicated interplay between plants and microbes. Effectors in Plant-Microbe Interactions unlocks the molecular basis of this important class of microbial molecules and describes their diverse and complex interactions with host plants. Effectors in Plant Microbe Interactions is divided into five sections that take stock of the current knowledge on effectors of plant-associated organisms. Coverage ranges from the impact of bacterial, fungal and oomycete effectors on plant immunity and high-throughput genomic analysis of effectors to the function and trafficking of these microbial molecules. The final section looks at effectors secreted by other eukaryotic microbes that are the focus of current and future research efforts. Written by leading international experts in plant-microbe interactions, Effectors in Plant Microbe Interactions, will be an essential volume for plant biologists, microbiologists, pathologists, and geneticists.

Download or read book Population and Comparative Genomics of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria written by Jeffrey Jones and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-09-02 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars and Related Pathogens Identification Epidemiology and Genomics written by M’Barek Fatmi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-03 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on recent advances on: (1) new methods and approaches for specific and sensitive detection and identification of Pseudomonas syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum; (2) ecology and epidemiology bases of Pseudomonas syringae that enable the development of management strategies; (3) pathogenesis and determinant of pathogenicity, and in particular, mechanisms involved in virulence and virulence gene expression; (4) evolution and diversity of the pseudomonads through multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis; (5) determination of pathogens associated with new and emerging diseases; (6) effect of global warming on increase and emergence of new bacterial diseases."

Download or read book Evolutionary Trajectories in Plant Associated Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas Strains written by Marco Scortichini and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-04-29 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strict relationships between bacteria and plants represents one of the major facets of terrestrial ecology. Depending on the type of interaction and amount of metabolic advantage one organism can obtain from such relationships, these are classified as mutualistic, commensal or parasitic interactions. Within this context, Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas are bacterial genera with a worldwide spread, capable of establishing all of the above mentioned interactions with plants. Therefore, they represent good models for studying different lifestyles and, accordingly, deciphering distinct evolutionary trajectories followed by different lineages of a single genus to infect and/or to establish a mutualistic relationships with the plant. Some members of these two genera are regulated pests that are recognized as economically major threats for their host crop(s) both in temperate and tropical environments.

Download or read book Genomics of Plant Associated Bacteria written by Dennis C. Gross and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how genomics has revolutionized our scientific understanding of agriculturally important plant-associated bacteria. Each chapter focuses on the genomics of particular bacteria: the first described plant pathogen, Erwinia amylovora; phytoplasmas lacking cell walls; fastidious, phloem-restricted liberibacters; Pseudomonas syringae, which is a genetically tractable model system; Xanthomonas citri, which causes a disease that can devastate citrus crops and Pseudomonas fluorescens, which can protect plants from diseases. Topics considered in this volume include the importance of horizontal gene transfer in originating new bacterial strains and species and advances in transcriptomics that allow us to describe the complex regulatory networks critical to plant-microbe interactions. The availability of the Xanthomonas oryzae genome has led to new technologies in genome editing, which will revolutionize approaches to genetic engineering, even in eukaryotes. The contributions show how genomics has greatly accelerated progress toward understanding the biology of these bacteria and how that understanding can be translated into novel crop protection methods.

Download or read book New Perspectives and Approaches in Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Research written by P.A.H.M. Bakker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-02 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of increasing concern for food and environmental quality, use of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for reducing chemical inputs in agriculture is a potentially important issue. This book provides an update by renowned international experts on the most recent advances in the ecology of these important bacteria, the application of innovative methodologies for their study, their interaction with the host plant, and their potential application in agriculture.

Download or read book Horizontal Gene Transfer in the Evolution of Pathogenesis written by Michael Hensel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-06-30 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Horizontal gene transfer is a major driving force in the evolution of many bacterial pathogens. The development of high-throughput sequencing tools and more sophisticated genomic and proteomic techniques in recent years has resulted in a better understanding of this phenomenon. Written by leading experts in the field, this edited volume is aimed at graduate students and researchers and provides an overview of current knowledge relating to the evolution of microbial pathogenicity. This volume provides an overview of the mechanisms and biological consequences of the genome rearrangements resulting from horizontal gene transfer, in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, as well as overviews of the key mobile genetic elements involved. Subsequent chapters focus on paradigms for the evolution of important bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella enterica, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The influence of socioeconomic parameters in the dissemination of transferable elements, such as antibiotic resistant genes in bacteria, is also discussed.

Download or read book Microbial Ecology of Aerial Plant Surfaces written by Mark J. Bailey and published by CABI. This book was released on 2006 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All aerial plant surfaces, including leaves, stems and flowers are inhabited by diverse assemblages of microorganisms, including filamentous fungi, yeasts, bacteria, and bacteriophages. These organisms have profound effects on plant health and thus impact on ecosystem and agricultural functions. This book is based on proceedings from the 8th International Symposium on the mircobiology of aerial plant surfaces, held in Oxford 2005. This is a five yearly conference which brings together international scientists and provides a unique opportunity to discuss developments in this field.

Download or read book Plant Disease Management in the Post Genomic Era From Functional Genomics to Genome Editing written by Sabrina Sarrocco and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-16 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Molecular Genetics of Plant Microbe Interactions Vol 1 written by Hauke Hennecke and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991-01-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on the interaction between plants and microbes has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The use of modem genetic techniques has now made possible a detailed analysis both of plant and of microbial genes involved in phytopathogenic and beneficial interactions. At the biochemical level, signal molecules and their receptors, either of plant or of microbial origins, have been detected which act in signal transduction pathways or as co-regulators of gene expression. We begin to understand the molecular basis of classical concepts such as gene-for-gene relationships, hypersensitive response, induced resistance, to name just a few. We realize, and will soon exploit, the tremendous potential of the results of this research for practical application, in particular to protect crop plants against diseases and to increase crop yield and quality. This exclung field of research, which is also of truly interdisciplinary nature, is expanding rapidly. A Symposium series has been devoted to it which began in 1982. Recently, the 5th International Symposium on the Molecular Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions was held in Interlaken, Switzerland. It brought together 640 scientists from almost 30 different countries who reported their latest research progress in 47 lectures, 10 short oral presentations, and on over 400 high-quality posters. This book presents a collection of papers that comprehensively reflect the major areas under study, explain novel experimental approaches currently in use, highlight significant advances made over the last one or two years but also emphasize the obstacles still ahead of us.

Download or read book Molecular Aspects of Iron Metabolism in Pathogenic and Symbiotic Plant Microbe Associations written by Dominique Expert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-23 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iron plays a key role in biology as essential cofactor of numerous proteins. However, since it is only slightly soluble its bioavailability can be readily compromised under aerobic conditions. Moreover, due to its ability to catalyze the generation of free radicals, iron can also be toxic. Thus, it doesn’t surprise that living organisms have developed sophisticated means for acquiring iron whilst tightly controlling the intracellular concentrations of this metal in response to environmental conditions. Also, the critical role of iron has long been acknowledged in host vertebrate-parasite relationships where both partners compete for the acquisition of this essential element and activate complex signaling cascades to control their iron homeostasis during infection. Following the great interest that the mechanisms regulating the acquisition of iron and the control of iron homeostasis have generated among researchers studying plant-pathogen and legume-rhizobia interactions, this book offers a comprehensive analysis of irons’ various roles in the plant-microbial associations. The introductory chapter stresses the essentiality of iron in biological systems. The second chapter surveys the abundance of information on iron’s pivotal role in microbial plant pathogenesis and defence. Finally, the third chapter reviews the advances in our understanding of iron metabolism in the rhizobia, soil bacteria able to establish a symbiotic association with legumes and carry out nitrogen fixation. Molecular Aspects of Iron Metabolism in Pathogenic and Symbiotic Plant-Microbe Associations is a valuable resource to microbiologists, pathologists and scientists interested in iron uptake and metabolism in microbial pathogenesis, rhizobia legume associations, and plant physiology and immunity.

Download or read book Pseudomonas written by Bernd H. A. Rehm and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-06-25 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concise and up-to-date, this handy guide fills a gap in the literature by providing the essential knowledge for everyone with an interest in the topic. The result is a comprehensive overview of the most important model organism in applied microbiology that covers basic biology, pathology and biotechnological applications.

Download or read book Plant Associated Bacteria written by Samuel S. Gnanamanickam and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-29 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is envisioned as a resource for researchers working with beneficial and harmful groups of bacteria associated with crop plants. The book is divided into two parts, with Part I on beneficial bacteria including chapters on symbiotic nitrogen fixers and rhizosphere bacteria. The second part consists of detailed descriptions of 8 genera of plant pathogenic bacteria, including Agrobacterium and Herbaspirillum. Each chapter covers terminology, molecular phylogeny and more. soft-rot, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Ralstonia, Burkholderia and Acidovorax There is an opening chapter on the plant-associated bacteria survey, molecular phylogeny, genomics and recent advances. And each chapter includes terminology/definitions, molecular phylogeny, methods that can be used (both traditional and latest molecular tools) and applications

Download or read book The Hologenome Concept Human Animal and Plant Microbiota written by Eugene Rosenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-31 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundbreaking research over the last 10 years has given rise to the hologenome concept of evolution. This concept posits that the holobiont (host plus all of its associated microorganisms) and its hologenome (sum of the genetic information of the host and its symbiotic microorganisms), acting in concert, function as a unique biological entity and therefore as a level of selection in evolution. All animals and plants harbor abundant and diverse microbiota, including viruses. Often the amount of symbiotic microorganisms and their combined genetic information far exceed that of their host. The microbiota with its microbiome, together with the host genome, can be transmitted from one generation to the next and thus propagate the unique properties of the holobiont. The microbial symbionts and the host interact in a cooperative way that affects the health of the holobiont within its environment. Beneficial microbiota protects against pathogens, provides essential nutrients, catabolizes complex polysaccharides, renders harmful chemicals inert, and contributes to the performance of the immune system. In humans and animals, the microbiota also plays a role in behavior. The sum of these cooperative interactions characterizes the holobiont as a unique biological entity. Genetic variation in the hologenome can be brought about by changes in either the host genome or the microbial population genomes (microbiome). Evolution by cooperation can occur by amplifying existing microbes, gaining novel microbiota and by acquiring microbial and viral genes. Under environmental stress, the microbiome can change more rapidly and in response to more processes than the host organism alone and thus influences the evolution of the holobiont. Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and phage therapy are discussed as applied aspects of the hologenome concept.

Download or read book Plasticity in Plant Growth Promoting and Phytopathogenic Bacteria written by Elena I. Katsy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-30 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasticity in Plant-Growth-Promoting and Phytopathogenic Bacteria brings together the expertise of a panel of researchers from around the world to provide comprehensive up-to-date reviews on the most interesting aspects of genomic and phenotypic plasticity in plant-beneficial and phytopathogenic bacteria. The book covers various topics, including common and specific features in the genomes of symbiotic, plant-growth-promoting, and phytopathogenic bacteria; regulation of conjugative plasmid transfer in rhizobia; genetic and phenotypic variability in plant-beneficial pseudomonads and azospirilla; genomic fluxes in phytopathogenic xanthomonads and pseudomonads; genome plasticity in obligate parasitic Phytoplasmas; comparative genomics of plant-growth-promoting and phytopathogenic Herbaspirillum species; horizontal gene transfer in planta and microevolution of plant-associated bacteria in the phytosphere. Plasticity in Plant-Growth-Promoting and Phytopathogenic Bacteria is recommended for all microbiology and plant biology laboratories.