Download or read book Comparison of Porewater and Elutriate Bivalve Larval Development Toxicity Testing in a Sediment Quality Triad Framework written by Blair Gordon McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The magnitude and extent of contaminated marine sediment are frequently assessed using a Sediment Quality Triad framework involving multiple toxicity tests using a variety of species, toxicological endpoints and exposure systems. Data are integrated into an overall assessment of sediment quality using a weight of evidence approach. Guidance on the selection of appropriate toxicity tests recommends a wide range of organism type, life-cycle, exposure route, and feeding type be included - porewater bivalve larval development tests increases the number of exposure routes under consideration. Interpretation of porewater toxicity data are subject to limitations, in part, related to the extensive chemical manipulations associated with the extraction of in situ anoxic porewater and the subsequent aeration required for the laboratory-based toxicity test. The ability of the porewater-only test to represent ecologically relevant adverse effects in the field appears minimal. Results from concurrent porewater and elutriate toxicity testing using newly fertilized larvae of the bivalve, Mytilus galloprovincialis are provided to illustrate these problems. Porewater samples were consistently more toxic than the corresponding elutriate sample, and ammonia, a common confounding factor in sediment toxicology, was identified as the most likely toxic agent for the majority of samples. Porewater toxicity testing using M. galloprovincialis is therefore not recommended as a routine element of the sediment quality triad unless additional chemistry (samples used for testing as well as in situ) are available to facilitate an appropriate interpretation of the resulting toxicity data.

Download or read book Porewater Toxicity Testing written by Robert Scott Carr and published by Setac Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Freshwater Bivalve Ecotoxicology written by Jerry L. Farris and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-11-16 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responding to the growing need for an aggressive yet conservative approach to evaluating mussel populations, Freshwater Bivalve Ecotoxicology provides a collective review of the techniques and approaches for assessing contaminant impact on freshwater ecosystems. The editors incorporate coverage of research topics and management issues from a cross-section of scientists in the field. They explore current advances in general monitoring of population responses to stressors, fundamental concepts of ecotoxicology specific to burrowing bivalves, and useful insights that offer direction and priority for resolving specific problems challenging protection and conservation efforts. This book lays the groundwork with discussions of topics such as impact assessment, toxicokinetics, biomarkers, and pollution tolerance. The authors then explore fundamental concepts surrounding responses measured in freshwater bivalves as a consequence of chemical exposures or accumulated contaminants in target organs or tissues. They highlight the difficulties encountered with the laboratory culture of these organisms for toxicity testing or other controlled experiments, and examine the use of surrogate test organisms to relate sensitivities of response and reduce pressure on already impacted fauna. The book also reviews innovative field research using in situ bivalve toxicity testing, discusses effects-oriented tissue contaminant assessment, and concludes with threefour specific laboratory or combined field/laboratory ecotoxicology studies. A summary of methods from more than 75 laboratory toxicity studies conducted with freshwater mussels, the book provides an overview of a standardized method for conducting water-only acute and chronic laboratory toxicity tests with glochidia juvenile freshwater mussels. It focuses on studies that report measured contaminant treatments, had robust experimental designs, including replication of control and contaminant treatments, and were published in the peer-reviewed literature. The resulting array of viewpoints provides a framework that can be used to establish priorities in the rehabilitation and management of freshwater ecosystems.

Download or read book Methods for Assessing the Toxicity of Sediment associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Amphipods written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment contamination is a widespread environmental problem that can potentially pose a threat to a variety of aquatic ecosystems. The sediment test methods in this manual will be used by The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to make decisions under a range of statutory authorities concerning such issues as: dredged material disposal, registration of pesticides and toxic substances, superfound site assessment, and assessment and cleanup of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. The use of uniform sediment testing procedures by USEPA programs is expected to increase data accuracy and precision, facilitate test replication, increase the comparative value of test results, and ultimately, increase the efficiency of regulatory processes requiring sediment tests.

Download or read book Bioaccumulation Potential of Contaminants from Bedded and Suspended Oakland Harbor Deepening Project Sediments to San Francisco Bay Flatfish and Bivalve Mollusks written by Victor A. McFarland and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Refinement of Effluent Toxicity Testing Protocols for Four Marine Species written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comparison of Toxicity Responses of Four Solid Phase Bioassays to Twelve Solid Phase Certified Reference Materials written by B. J. Dutka and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This study was initiated to illustrate the difficulties and problems involved in assessing and identifying the toxicity potential of trace amounts of chemicals in sediments. Usually in evaluating the toxicity of sediments, pore water and/or solvent extracts are used to estimate the level of soluble or extractable toxicants. However, it is often difficult or even impossible to detect the presence of the total bioavailable toxicants due to their low concentrations, low solubility and/or insolubility in the extracting solvents. Direct sediment toxicity testing (intimate contact between testing organisms and all solid and liquid parts of a sediment) can significantly circumvent these problems by directly detecting the total toxic response of soluble and insoluble organic and inorganic contaminants. In this study 12 Certified Reference Material (CRM) sediments, whose main constituents were known, were used with solid phase bioassays to try to evaluate the possibility of relating the different bioassay responses to the known chemical composition of each of the CRMs. Results and bioassays used and the difficulties and problems involved in assessing and identifying the toxicity potential of trace amounts of chemicals in sediments are described"--Abstract.

Download or read book Sediment Classification Methods Compendium written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Sediment Oversight Technical Committee and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is a compendium of scientifically valid and accepted methods that can be used to assess sediment quality and predict ecological impacts...the intent here is to provide the most useful overall measures or predictors of ecological impacts currently in use rather than procedures that may have limited application outside of a particular regulatory framework... parag The information provided in the compendium on the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different assessment methods can provide assistance in selecting the appropriate methods.

Download or read book Sediment Pore Water Toxicity Test Results and Preliminary Toxicity Identification of Post Landfall Pore Water Samples Collected Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Release Gulf of Mexico 2010 written by U.S. Department of the Interior and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-02-19 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pore water from coastal beach and marsh sediments from the northern Gulf of Mexico, pre- and post-landfall of the Deepwater Horizon oil release, were collected and evaluated for toxicity with the sea urchin fertilization and embryological development assays. There were 17 pre-landfall samples and 49 post-landfall samples tested using both assays. Toxicity was determined in four pre-landfall sites and in seven post-landfall sites in one or both assays as compared to a known reference sediment pore-water sample collected in Aransas Bay, Texas. Further analysis and testing of five of the post-landfall toxic samples utilizing Toxicity Identification Evaluation techniques indicated that ammonia, and to a lesser extent metals, contributed to most, if not all, of the observed toxicity in four of the five samples. Results of one sample (MS–39) indicated evidence that ammonia, metals, and non-ionic organics were contributing to the observed toxicity.

Download or read book Comparison of Toxicity Responses of Four Solid Phase Bioassays to Twelve Solid Phase Certified Referece Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sediment Quality Assessment written by Graeme Batley and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2016-02-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contaminated sediments represent an ongoing threat to the health of aquatic ecosystems. The assessment of sediment quality is, therefore, an important concern for environmental regulators. Sediment quality guidelines are now well established in regulatory frameworks worldwide; however, practical guidance that covers all of the key aspects of sediment quality assessment is not readily available. In 2005, CSIRO published its highly cited Handbook for Sediment Quality Assessment. In the ensuing period, the science has advanced considerably. This practical guide is a revised and much expanded second edition, which will be a valuable tool for environmental practitioners. Written by experts in the field, it provides coverage of: sediment sampling; sample preparation; chemical analysis; ecotoxicology; bioaccumulation; biomarkers; and ecological assessment. In addition, detailed appendices describe protocols for many of the tests to be used.

Download or read book Comparative Toxicity Testing of Selected Benthic and Epibenthic Organisms for the Development of Sediment Quality Test Protocols written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comparison of Laboratory and Field Methods for Testing the Toxicity of Chemicals Sorbed to Sediments written by WJ. Adams and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standard water exposure as well as sediment toxicity tests were performed in Monsanto laboratories and on-site at the Saginaw River in a mobile bioassay trailer to develop sediment toxicity tests and assess the hazard of Pydraul® 50E (P50E) when sorbed to sediments. Sediment samples were collected from five river stations and tested in the field. Sediment concentrations of P50E, an aryl phosphate ester hydraulic fluid, were determined for each site. The site furthest upstream contained the lowest level and was used as a control site. Both acute and chronic tests were performed with the sediments and with control sediments spiked with P50E using the midge Chironomus tentans and the daphnids Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia affinis.

Download or read book Handbook for Sediment Quality Assessment written by Stuart L. Simpson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toxicity of Marine Sediments and Pore Waters Spiked With Ordnance Compounds written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was undertaken to help quantify the potential effects of sediment contamination with ordnance compounds to the benthic biota. This objective was achieved by conducting toxicity tests with sediments spiked with ordnance compounds, using whole sediment tests with a benthic amphipod and porewater tests with different life stages of three marine organisms. The selection of ordnance compounds and porewater test species for this study was based on the results of previous studies, where a database for toxicity of eight different ordnance compounds to six marine species was generated. The ordnance compounds selected for the present study were 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), tetryl and picric acid. Two kinds of sediments were spiked with each ordnance compound. Spiked sediments were allowed to equilibrate for approximately 1 week prior to porewater extraction and to toxicity testing of the solid-phase. Solid-phase tests were conducted using the 10-day acute test with the benthic amphipod, Ampelisca abdita. Porewater toxicity tests were conducted using the 48-hour embryological development test with the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata, the 96-hour zoospore germination and germling growth test with the macro-alga, Ulva fasciata, and the 7-day survival and reproduction test with the burrowing polychaete, Dinophilus gyroclliatus. These species and endpoints were identified previously as being among the most sensitive for these ordnance compounds.

Download or read book Evaluating the Use of in Vitro Bioassays for the Ecotoxicological Assessment of Irish Estuarine Sediments written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediments, as a repository for persistent anthropogenic contaminants, have the potential to cause deleterious effects in the aquatic environment. Particular attention to the quality of sediment is, therefore, warranted in the ecotoxicological risk assessment of aquatic systems. An assessment methodology combining chemical, ecotoxicological and ecological evaluations in a hierarchial test strategy, where toxicological significant and complexity increases with the tiers, is recommended for a thorough appraisal of sediment toxicity. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of in vitro bioassays to be employed as screening tools got Tier 1 ecotoxicity evaluation of Irish estuarine sediments. Chemical analysis was conducted on all sediment samples to assist in interpreting any observed cytotoxicity. The potential toxicity of various exposure phases (solid phase, porewater and elutriate) from three estuarine sediment samples was evaluated using representative organisms from a number of trophic levels. The potential impact of the differing salinities of the sediment aqueous extracts, on the sensitivity of the bioassays, was also addressed. The selective sensitivities of the assays employed, demonstrated the value of using a multi-trophic, multi phase battery approach to sediment toxicity testing. Inhibition of bacterial bioluminescence and algal growth, were identified as sensitive bioassays for Tier 1 screening purposes. Immortal cell lines and primary epidermal cell cultures were used as representative vertebrate model systems. Initial studies were carried out using zinc metal salts as model environmental contaminants, to establish reference values which could be employed as test validity criteria for the sediment toxicity tests. This work also permitted an evaluation of the sensitivity of the cell cultures and the multiple endpoints utilised. The high sample osmolality of porewater extracts precluded their assessment using the cell culture assays. Of the.