Download or read book Comparison of Population Reconstruction Methods Using Age at harvest Data and Catch Effort written by Jing Ding and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Population Reconstruction written by Gerrit Bloothooft and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-22 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the problems that are encountered, and solutions that have been proposed, when we aim to identify people and to reconstruct populations under conditions where information is scarce, ambiguous, fuzzy and sometimes erroneous. The process from handwritten registers to a reconstructed digitized population consists of three major phases, reflected in the three main sections of this book. The first phase involves transcribing and digitizing the data while structuring the information in a meaningful and efficient way. In the second phase, records that refer to the same person or group of persons are identified by a process of linkage. In the third and final phase, the information on an individual is combined into a reconstruction of their life course. The studies and examples in this book originate from a range of countries, each with its own cultural and administrative characteristics, and from medieval charters through historical censuses and vital registration, to the modern issue of privacy preservation. Despite the diverse places and times addressed, they all share the study of fundamental issues when it comes to model reasoning for population reconstruction and the possibilities and limitations of information technology to support this process. It is thus not a single discipline that is involved in such an endeavor. Historians, social scientists, and linguists represent the humanities through their knowledge of the complexity of the past, the limitations of sources, and the possible interpretations of information. The availability of big data from digitized archives and the need for complex analyses to identify individuals calls for the involvement of computer scientists. With contributions from all these fields, often in direct cooperation, this book is at the heart of the digital humanities, and will hopefully offer a source of inspiration for future investigations.

Download or read book Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention MICCAI 2019 written by Dinggang Shen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-10 with total page 851 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The six-volume set LNCS 11764, 11765, 11766, 11767, 11768, and 11769 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2019, held in Shenzhen, China, in October 2019. The 539 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1730 submissions in a double-blind review process. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: optical imaging; endoscopy; microscopy. Part II: image segmentation; image registration; cardiovascular imaging; growth, development, atrophy and progression. Part III: neuroimage reconstruction and synthesis; neuroimage segmentation; diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging; functional neuroimaging (fMRI); miscellaneous neuroimaging. Part IV: shape; prediction; detection and localization; machine learning; computer-aided diagnosis; image reconstruction and synthesis. Part V: computer assisted interventions; MIC meets CAI. Part VI: computed tomography; X-ray imaging.

Download or read book Spatial Microsimulation A Reference Guide for Users written by Robert Tanton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a practical guide on how to design, create and validate a spatial microsimulation model. These models are becoming more popular as academics and policy makers recognise the value of place in research and policy making. Recent spatial microsimulation models have been used to analyse health and social disadvantage for small areas; and to look at the effect of policy change for small areas. This provides a powerful analysis tool for researchers and policy makers. This book covers preparing the data for spatial microsimulation; a number of methods for both static and dynamic spatial microsimulation models; validation of the models to ensure the outputs are reasonable; and the future of spatial microsimulation. The book will be an essential handbook for any researcher or policy maker looking to design and create a spatial microsimulation model. This book will also be useful to those policy makers who are commissioning a spatial microsimulation model, or looking to commission work using a spatial microsimulation model, as it provides information on the different methods in a non-technical way.

Download or read book A Comparison of Nine Image Reconstruction Algorithms and the Development of Two Contextual Algorithms for Binary Data written by Thomas Alan Ferryman and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bayesian Population Reconstruction written by Mark C. Wheldon and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current methods for reconstructing human populations of the past by age and sex are deterministic or do not formally account for measurement error. I propose Bayesian reconstruction, a method for simultaneously estimating age-specific population counts, fertility rates, mortality rates and net international migration flows from fragmentary data, that incorporates measurement error. Expert opinion is incorporated formally through informative priors. Inference is based on joint posterior probability distributions which yield fully probabilistic interval estimates. Previous methods of reconstruction did not account for measurement error, or imposed fixed age-patterns on some parameters. It is designed for the kind of data commonly collected in modern demographic surveys and censuses. Population dynamics over the period of reconstruction are modeled by embedding formal demographic accounting relationships in a Bayesian hierarchical model. Informative priors are specified for vital rates, migration rates, population counts at baseline, and their respective measurement error variances. Statistical properties of Bayesian reconstruction are investigated through simulation and sensitivity analyzes. The method is applied to real data from Burkina Faso, Laos, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Thailand and India, demonstrating its applicability to developing and developed countries. It can also be used to compare model life tables. When full populations are reconstructed, probabilistic estimates of sex ratios, such as the sex ratio at birth and sex ratios of mortality, can also be obtained. Bayesian reconstruction is implemented in the R package popReconstruct.

Download or read book Visual grading evaluation of reconstruction methods and dose optimisation in abdominal Computed Tomography written by Bharti Kataria and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its introduction in the 1970’s CT has emerged as a modality of choice because of its high sensitivity in producing accurate diagnostic images. A third of all Computed Tomography (CT) examinations are abdominal CTs which deliver one of the highest doses among common examinations. An increase in the number of CT examinations has raised concerns about the negative effects of ionising radiation as the dose is cumulative over the life span of the individual. Image quality in CT is closely related to the radiation dose, so that a certain dose with an associated small, but not negligible, risk is a prerequisite for high image quality. Typically, dose reduction in CT results in higher noise and a decrease in low contrast resolution which can be detrimental to the image quality produced. New technology presents a wide range of dose reduction strategies, the latest being iterative reconstruction (IR).The aim of this thesis was to evaluate two different classes of iterative reconstruction algorithms: statistical (SAFIRE) and model-based (ADMIRE) as well as to explore the diagnostic value of a low-dose abdominal CT for optimisation purposes. This thesis included a total of 140 human subjects in four image quality evaluation studies, three of which were prospective studies (Papers I, II and IV) and one retrospective study (Paper III). Visual grading experiments to determine the potential dose reductions, were performed with pairwise comparison of image quality in the same patient at different tube loads (dose) and reconstructed with Filtered back projection (FBP) and SAFIRE strength 1 in a low-dose abdominal CT (Paper I) and FBP and ADMIRE strengths 3 and 5 in a standard dose abdominal CT (Paper II). Paper IV evaluated the impact of slice thicknesses in CT images reconstructed with ADMIRE strengths 3 and 5 when comparing multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) formatted images in a standard dose abdominal CT. Paper III, on the other hand, was an absolute assessment of image quality and pathology between the three phases of a CT Urography (CTU) protocol to explore the diagnostic value of low-dose abdominal CT. The anonymised images were displayed in random order and image quality was assessed by a group of radiologists using image quality criteria from the “European guidelines of quality criteria for CT”. The responses from the reviewer assessment were analysed statistically with ordinal logistic regression i.e. Visual Grading Regression (VGR). Results in Paper I show that a small dose reduction (5-9 %) was possible using SAFIRE strength 1and indicated the need for further research to evaluate the dose reduction potential of higher strengths of the algorithm. In Paper II a 30% dose reduction was possible without change in ADMIRE algorithm strength as no improvement in image quality was observed between tube loads 98- and 140 mAs. When comparing tube loads 42 and 98 mAs, further dose reduction was possible with ADMIRE strength 3 (22-47%). However, for images reconstructed with ADMIRE strength 5, a dose reduction of 34-74% was possible for some, but not all image criteria. Image quality in low-contrast objects such as the liver parenchyma, was affected and a decline in diagnostic confidence was observed. Paper IV showed potential dose reductions are possible with increasing slice thickness from 1 mm to 2 mm (24-35%) and 1 mm to 3mm (25-41%). ADMIRE strength 3 continued to provide diagnostically acceptable images with possible dose reductions for all image criteria assessed. Despite objective evaluations showing a decrease in noise and an increase in contrast to noise ratio, ADMIRE strength 5 had diverse effects on the five image criteria, depending on slice thickness and further dose reductions were limited to certain image criteria. The findings do not support a general recommendation to replace ADMIRE3 with ADMIRE5 in clinical abdominal CT protocols. Paper III studied another aspect of optimisation and results show that visualisation of renal anatomy was as expected in favour of the post-contrast phases when compared to the native phase. Assessment of pathology showed no significant differences between the three phases. Significantly higher diagnostic certainty for renal anatomy was observed for the post-contrast phases when compared to the native phase. Significantly high certainty scores were also seen for the nephrographic phase for incidental findings. The conclusion is that a low-dose series seems to be sufficient as a first-line modality in certain patient groups. This thesis clinically evaluated the effect of IR in abdominal CT imaging and estimated potential dose reductions. The important conclusion from papers I, II and IV is that IR improves image quality in abdominal CT allowing for some dose reductions. However, the clinical utility of the highest strength of the algorithm is limited to certain criteria. The results can be used to optimise the clinical abdominal CT protocol. The conclusion from paper III may increase clinical awareness of the value of the low-dose abdominal protocol when choosing an imaging method for certain patient groups who are more sensitive to radiation. Datortomografi (DT) används i allt större omfattning vid bilddiagnostik och ger en viss stråldos till patienten. DT är en viktig, snabb och patientvänlig undersökningsteknik. En fördel med denna teknik är att bildmaterialet kan rekonstrueras i olika format för att åskådliggöra anatomin på bästasätt beroende på vilken frågeställning som ska besvaras. Joniserande strålning från dessa undersökningar anses öka risken för negativa effekter även om risken för den enskilde patient är mycket liten. Antalet datortomografiundersökningar ökar från år till år vilket kan leda till ökade stråldoser tillbefolkningen. Optimering av undersökningsteknik och val av undersökning för att minska negativa effekter av röntgenstrålning är därför nödvändig. Det övergripande målet med avhandlingen var att utvärdera bildkvalitetvid en DT-undersökning av buken (då dessa medför en av de högstastråldoserna bland de vanliga röntgenundersökningarna), att kvantifieramöjlig stråldosminskning med hjälp av iterativa rekonstruktionsalgoritmer och att utvärdera diagnostiska värdet av lågdosundersökningsteknik vid DT-buk. Av de fyra delstudierna var delarbeten I, II och IV prospektiva och delarbete III retrospektivt. För de prospektiva studierna, samlades bildmaterial in vid en kliniskberättigad undersökning av lågdos-DT av buken (delarbetet I), eller standarddos-DT av buken (delarbetet II och IV). Bilder rekonstruerades meden standard bildrekonstruktionsalgoritm, filtrerad återprojektion (FBP), och med styrka 1 av den iterativa algoritmen SAFIRE (delarbetet I). I delarbeten II och IV, gjordes bildrekonstruktioner med FBP och med styrka 3 och 5 av den iterativa algoritmen ADMIRE. Avidentifierade bildmaterialför varje patient visades parvis i slumpmässig ordning för ett antal granskare och bildkvaliteten bedömdes med hjälp av europeiska bildkriterier. I den retrospektiva studien, delarbete III, hämtades bildmaterialet från utförda DT-urografiundersökningar från bildarkivet. För varje undersökning visades bilder från varje fas i DT-urografiundersökningen separat i slumpmässig ordning. För samtliga delarbeten, hämtades bildkriteriernafrån ”European Guidelines of Quality Criteria for CT” och modifierades för att passa till varje studie. Granskarnas bedömning analyserades med ordinal logistisk regression så kallad visual grading regression (VGR). Resultat från delarbetet I visade att det fanns en signifikant inverkan av dos (p <0,001) och rekonstruktionsalgoritm (p <0,01) på samtliga bildkriterier, med en beräknad möjlig dosminskning på 5–9%. Delarbetet II visade att rekonstruktionsalgoritmen ADMIRE förbättrar bildkvaliteten i jämförelse med FBP. ADMIRE styrka 3 tillåter en dosminskning mellan 22–47% för samtliga bildkriterier medan ADMIRE styrka 5 tillåter en dosminskning mellan 34–74% för nästan alla bedömda bildkriterier utom återgivning av leverns parenkym. Ett mycket oväntat resultat var att bildkvalitén för 70% dosnivå bedömdes som högre eller likvärdig med 100% dosnivå, vilket innebar att stråldosen kan sänkas med 30% utan förändring i algoritm eller styrka. Resultaten av delarbete III visade att avbildning av njuranatomi var som förväntat för varje fas med fördel för kontrastuppladdningsfaserna jämfört med den nativa fasen. Detta var inte ett oväntat resultat eftersom DT-urografiprotokollet är utformat för att visualisera njuranatomi på bästa möjliga sätt. Vid bedömning av patologiska fynd, erhölls dock små och ickesignifikanta skillnader mellan faserna. Däremot noterades signifikant högre bedömningssäkerhet för patologi i njurarna för de kontrast förstärkta faserna jämfört med nativfasen, och endast för bifynd signifikant högre poäng för parenkymfasen. Delarbete IV visade att styrka 5 jämfört med styrka 3 av den iterativa rekonstruktionsalgoritmen, har olika effekter på bedömningen av bildkvalitetskriterierna. Ökning av MPR-snittjocklek från 1 mm till 2 mm eller 3mm, ger en förbättring i bildkvalité, vilket möjliggör en viss dosreduktion. Den kliniska användbarheten av ADMIRE styrka 5 är begränsad, medan ADMIRE styrka 3 levererar bättre bildkvalitet för samtliga undersökta bildkriterier vid datortomografiundersökning av buken. Den viktigaste slutsatsen av delarbeten I, II och IV är att iterativa rekonstruktionsalgoritmer förbättrar bildkvalitet jämfört med FBP för samma stråldos och en dosminskning är möjlig. Detta kan användas för att optimera det kliniska DT-bukundersöknings protokoll. Slutsatsen för delarbetet III var att en lågdos-DT-bukundersökning är ett av många dosreduceringsalternativ, som möjligen kan användas för att minska strålningsbördan hos vissa patientgrupper som är mer känsliga för röntgenstrålning.

Download or read book Bioinformatics Algorithms written by Ion Mandoiu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-15 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents algorithmic techniques for solving problems in bioinformatics, including applications that shed new light on molecular biology This book introduces algorithmic techniques in bioinformatics, emphasizing their application to solving novel problems in post-genomic molecular biology. Beginning with a thought-provoking discussion on the role of algorithms in twenty-first-century bioinformatics education, Bioinformatics Algorithms covers: General algorithmic techniques, including dynamic programming, graph-theoretical methods, hidden Markov models, the fast Fourier transform, seeding, and approximation algorithms Algorithms and tools for genome and sequence analysis, including formal and approximate models for gene clusters, advanced algorithms for non-overlapping local alignments and genome tilings, multiplex PCR primer set selection, and sequence/network motif finding Microarray design and analysis, including algorithms for microarray physical design, missing value imputation, and meta-analysis of gene expression data Algorithmic issues arising in the analysis of genetic variation across human population, including computational inference of haplotypes from genotype data and disease association search in case/control epidemiologic studies Algorithmic approaches in structural and systems biology, including topological and structural classification in biochemistry, and prediction of protein-protein and domain-domain interactions Each chapter begins with a self-contained introduction to a computational problem; continues with a brief review of the existing literature on the subject and an in-depth description of recent algorithmic and methodological developments; and concludes with a brief experimental study and a discussion of open research challenges. This clear and approachable presentation makes the book appropriate for researchers, practitioners, and graduate students alike.

Download or read book The methods and materials of demography written by Henry S. Shryock and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spatial Microsimulation with R written by Robin Lovelace and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-07 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generate and Analyze Multi-Level Data Spatial microsimulation involves the generation, analysis, and modeling of individual-level data allocated to geographical zones. Spatial Microsimulation with R is the first practical book to illustrate this approach in a modern statistical programming language. Get Insight into Complex Behaviors The book progresses from the principles underlying population synthesis toward more complex issues such as household allocation and using the results of spatial microsimulation for agent-based modeling. This equips you with the skills needed to apply the techniques to real-world situations. The book demonstrates methods for population synthesis by combining individual and geographically aggregated datasets using the recent R packages ipfp and mipfp. This approach represents the "best of both worlds" in terms of spatial resolution and person-level detail, overcoming issues of data confidentiality and reproducibility. Implement the Methods on Your Own Data Full of reproducible examples using code and data, the book is suitable for students and applied researchers in health, economics, transport, geography, and other fields that require individual-level data allocated to small geographic zones. By explaining how to use tools for modeling phenomena that vary over space, the book enhances your knowledge of complex systems and empowers you to provide evidence-based policy guidance.

Download or read book A Comparison of Four Methods of Forecasting the Population of Local Areas written by John Bruce Truett and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comparison of the modified Blumgart mattress vs interrupted suture pancreaticojejunostomy in minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy written by Sung Hoon Choi and published by OAE Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2023-08-09 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aim: The modified Blumgart mattress (BM) and conventional interrupted suture (IS) methods are currently the most widely adopted pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) techniques utilized during minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD). This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes between the two PJ techniques using robotic and laparoscopic approaches. Methods: This was a retrospective study involving patients who underwent robotic or laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) performed by two surgeons from two institutions. Surgical outcomes of the patients were compared according to the PJ techniques of robotic BM (Rob-BM), robotic IS (Rob-IS), and laparoscopic IS (Lap-IS), which were further analyzed among patients who had a soft pancreas and small pancreatic duct, while those with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 230 patients underwent MIPD with 63 Rob-BM, 48 Rob-IS, and 119 Lap-IS for PJ. Within the study population, clinically relevant-postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) rates were comparable between Rob-BM and Rob-IS (6.3% vs. 10.4%, P = 0.283) and between Rob-IS and Lap-IS (10.4% vs. 7.6%, P = 0.661). Comparing patients with soft pancreas and small pancreatic duct, CR-POPF rates were not statistically different among the groups [16.0% (Rob-BM) vs. 10.5% (Rob-IS), P = 0.055, and 10.5% (Rob-IS) vs. 10.1% (Lap-IS), P = 0.543]. In the multivariable analysis for risk factors of POPF, soft pancreatic textures and periampullary pathology other than pancreatic cancer were found to be risk factors. Conclusion: POPF rates after MIPD were not different according to the PJ methods of BM and IS when performed by skilled surgeons.

Download or read book Racial Differences in Life Expectancy Among Elderly African Americans and Whites written by Laura B. Shrestha and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-12 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1997. This book is based on the author’s dissertation written while a student in the Population Studies Center of the University of Pennsylvania. The catalyst for the research was the recognition that major uncertainties exist about the quality of population and death data for the elderly in the United States as a result of coverage and content errors in the censuses and death registration. Furthermore, different patterns appear to exist for the two major racial groupings in the United States: whites and African- Americans. The book evaluates the consistency of reported data between the two major sources of data for calculation of mortality statistics in the United States: censuses and death registration. The focus is on the older population (aged 60 and above), where mortality trends have the greatest impact on social programs and where data quality is most problematic.

Download or read book Analysis of Complex Disease Association Studies written by Eleftheria Zeggini and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-11-17 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the National Institute of Health, a genome-wide association study is defined as any study of genetic variation across the entire human genome that is designed to identify genetic associations with observable traits (such as blood pressure or weight), or the presence or absence of a disease or condition. Whole genome information, when combined with clinical and other phenotype data, offers the potential for increased understanding of basic biological processes affecting human health, improvement in the prediction of disease and patient care, and ultimately the realization of the promise of personalized medicine. In addition, rapid advances in understanding the patterns of human genetic variation and maturing high-throughput, cost-effective methods for genotyping are providing powerful research tools for identifying genetic variants that contribute to health and disease. This burgeoning science merges the principles of statistics and genetics studies to make sense of the vast amounts of information available with the mapping of genomes. In order to make the most of the information available, statistical tools must be tailored and translated for the analytical issues which are original to large-scale association studies. Analysis of Complex Disease Association Studies will provide researchers with advanced biological knowledge who are entering the field of genome-wide association studies with the groundwork to apply statistical analysis tools appropriately and effectively. With the use of consistent examples throughout the work, chapters will provide readers with best practice for getting started (design), analyzing, and interpreting data according to their research interests. Frequently used tests will be highlighted and a critical analysis of the advantages and disadvantage complimented by case studies for each will provide readers with the information they need to make the right choice for their research. Additional tools including links to analysis tools, tutorials, and references will be available electronically to ensure the latest information is available. Easy access to key information including advantages and disadvantage of tests for particular applications, identification of databases, languages and their capabilities, data management risks, frequently used tests Extensive list of references including links to tutorial websites Case studies and Tips and Tricks

Download or read book New Technologies for Archaeology written by Markus Reindel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-07 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This heavily-illustrated book covers recent developments in archaeometry and offers a multidisciplinary approach to reconstructing complex cultural histories. It also presents a detailed history of human development in South America’s Nasca region.

Download or read book Handbook of Methods in Cultural Anthropology written by H. Russell Bernard and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Methods in Cultural Anthropology, now in its second edition, maintains a strong benchmark for understanding the scope of contemporary anthropological field methods. Avoiding divisive debates over science and humanism, the contributors draw upon both traditions to explore fieldwork in practice. The second edition also reflects major developments of the past decade, including: the rising prominence of mixed methods, the emergence of new technologies, and evolving views on ethnographic writing. Spanning the chain of research, from designing a project through methods of data collection and interpretive analysis, the Handbook features new chapters on ethnography of online communities, social survey research, and network and geospatial analysis. Considered discussion of ethics, epistemology, and the presentation of research results to diverse audiences round out the volume. The result is an essential guide for all scholars, professionals, and advanced students who employ fieldwork.

Download or read book Pediatric and Adolescent Knee Surgery written by Frank Cordasco and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2015-05-04 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts from New York’s Hospital for Special Surgery, this new resource gives you the tools you need to provide comprehensive surgical care to the increasing number of children and adolescents with knee injuries. Hundreds of step-by-step illustrations guide you through each procedure and clearly depict the surgical techniques you’re most likely to perform. Highly detailed and easy to use, this reference provides authoritative, vibrantly illustrated guidance on how best to manage your younger patients throughout their years of growth.