Download or read book Comparing an Interdependent and Dependent Group Contingency to Increase Physical Activity in Students During Recess written by Madeline Asaro and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical activity is defined as any body movement that requires energy expenditure. It has important physiological, mental health, academic, and cognitive benefits for children and youth. Despite these advantages, a large proportion of this population does not meet the minimum recommended amount of physical activity. Recent studies have shown that the interdependent group contingency (IGC) and dependent group contingency (DGC) improve physical activity; however, no comparison of the effects of these group contingencies on physical activity has been conducted. We used a multielement within a concurrent multiple baseline across classes design to compare the effectiveness of these group contingencies to increase physical activity in two classes of grade 5 students. Both group contingencies increased physical activity in both classes, with the IGC producing slightly higher levels of physical activity than the DGC at the class-wide and individual levels of analyses. Conversely, side effect data suggest that participants in both classes preferred the DGC. Results are discussed within the context of treatment decisions and suggestions for future research.
Download or read book The Impact of an Interdependent Group Contingency on Physical Activity in School Children written by Catherine Anne Foote and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of a Dependent Group Contingency to Increase Physical Activity During Recess written by Megan Ordonez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the increasing rates of Type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and childhood obesity, ways to increase physical activity are needed. The researchers examined the use of a dependent group contingency to increase physical activity of a 4th grade class during recess as measured by a pedometer. Results showed that step counts declined after the initial baseline; therefore, we evaluated procedural modifications (i.e., new prizes and criterion) in a multi-element design. After the procedural modifications, step counts increased toward the initial baseline during the last sessions of the multi-element design. We discuss variables that may have influenced the results and indicate areas for future research.
Download or read book The Effects of an Interdependent Group oriented Contingency on Middle School Students Physical Activity Levels During Physical Education written by Joel M. Schuldheisz and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an interdependent group-oriented contingency on the MVPA levels of middle school students during the fitness portion of physical education lessons. Participants were randomly selected target students from three intact eighth grade classes. A combination of a delayed multiple baseline and changing criterion design was implemented to determine the effects of the intervention on students' MVPA levels (dependent variable). MVPA levels were measured using momentary time sampling with definitions from the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time. The independent variable consisted of an interdependent group-oriented contingency program. When target students reached a physical activity level criterion, for a specified number of days, the whole group was rewarded with a choice of activities. Inter-observer agreement, using the scored-interval method (during 20% of the lessons), for students' MVPA levels was 95% (range 91-100%) and 86% (range 74-94%) for the teacher's instructional behaviors. Visual analysis of graphic data was used to demonstrate the functional relationship between the intervention and MVPA levels. The overlap of data points, mean level changes, trends, variability within and between conditions, and number of days that the criteria were attained by the target students were used to establish the experimental effects. A higher level of student MVPA was demonstrated in all classes, during all three units when the initial criterion level of the intervention was implemented. During the second level of intervention, higher MVPA levels were demonstrated in one of three units. Across all three units, when the intervention was in effect, target students attained the MVPA criteria 21 of the 27 days (78%). Post-checks, conducted three weeks after the withdrawal of the contingency program, revealed that MVPA levels decreased slightly while remaining above the level observed during baseline.
Download or read book Increasing Children s Physical Activity Levels Using Interdependent Group Contingencies written by Sarah Kuhl and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Peers As Change Agents written by Tai A. Collins and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This volume includes a variety of intervention strategies utilizing peers as change agents in school-based interventions. The book presents an updated conceptualization of PMIs, including peer-mediated academic interventions, peer-mediated behavioral interventions, and peer-mediated group supports. Each section includes a chapter describing the research supporting each type of PMI, as well as practical chapters detailing the use of different strategies. The practical chapters describe the common procedures involved in each PMI, recommendations for successful implementation with an equity lens in applied settings, and practical resources such as implementation scripts"--
Download or read book A Pilot Study of the Promotion of Physical Activity During Recess by Elementary Classroom Teachers written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sample of 102 elementary classroom teachers in one southwest Ohio school district completed a three-page survey assessing their attitudes and behaviors towards the promotion of physical activity among their students during recess. Elementary classroom teachers' physical activity levels, years of experience, and grades taught were compared to their perceptions of the importance of recess, perceptions of barriers and benefits for promoting physical activity during recess, and their behavioral involvement during recess time. Results indicated that teachers perceived physical activity during recess time to be moderately or extremely important. In addition, teachers perceived similar barriers and benefits for promoting physical activity during recess. The leading barrier perceived by teachers was that students were receiving physical activity elsewhere. The top benefits perceived by teachers included physical activity during recess increased students' social connections, increased students' awareness of the importance of lifelong physical activity, and increased students' on-tasks/behaviors in class. A significant finding was that those elementary classroom teachers with higher levels of physical activity (physically active four days or more per week for 30 minutes or longer) had a higher perceived behavioral involvement during recess for promoting physical activity among their students during recess. Recommendations are offered to assist the elementary classroom teachers to develop an intervention program to increase students' physical activity level during recess.
Download or read book Examining the Impact of a Recess Intervention written by Hannah M. Walsh and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Physical activity breaks throughout the school day have been associated with increased physical activity levels and on-task behavior in the classroom. Recess interventions have also been associated with increased physical activity levels, but none have investigated the effects on on-task behavior. Because they are ways to increase physical activity, it could be hypothesized that they may support on-task behavior too. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a structured recess intervention on overall physical activity levels at recess, student enjoyment of recess, and on-task behavior in the classroom following recess. The study used an A-B-A-B within-subjects single-case design at the group level. Results indicated that the recess intervention was ineffective in increasing physical activity levels, student enjoyment of recess, and on-task behavior in the classroom. These findings are inconsistent with past research investigating these outcomes separately. The setting of this study is unique within the literature. The study's results have important implications for research and practice." -iii
Download or read book Increasing Physical Activity Through Recess Research Brief written by Aaron Beighle and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regular physical activity promotes important health benefits, reduces risk for obesity and is linked with enhanced academic performance among students. The U.S. Surgeon General recommends that children engage in at least 60 minutes of moderate physical activity most days of the week, yet fewer than half of children ages 6 to 11 meet that recommendation. Recess is scheduled outside of class time and allows students to engage in physical and social activities of their choice. The National Association for Sport & Physical Exercise (NASPE) recommends that all elementary school students have at least 20 minutes of recess each day. Short physical activity breaks, such as those offered during recess, have been shown to enhance cognitive performance and improve learning. This brief summarizes the growing body of research examining recess, which shows that providing recess during the school day is an effective and efficient way to increase physical activity and improve academic performance among children. Key research results include: (1) Providing recess breaks throughout the day can improve students' classroom behavior and attentiveness; (2) Children can accumulate up to 40 percent of their total daily physical activity during recess; and (3) There are many effective strategies for increasing children's levels of physical activity during recess. (Contains 1 figure and 33 endnotes.).
Download or read book Evaluating the Effectiveness of Group Oriented Interventions on Physical Activity for College Age Students with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities I DD written by Carrie Lynn O'Reilly and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engagement in physical activity can provide holistic social and health benefits for individuals with and without disabilities at all age levels. Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities report having limited social networks outside of immediate caregivers and family members as well as less involvement in community recreational activities. Also, this population has been identified as having increased health issues such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes due to a more sedentary lifestyle. The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate the use of group oriented interventions for college age students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) to increase physical activity. Chapter I of this dissertation includes a discussion on of the benefits and barriers of engagement in physical activity for individuals with disabilities as well as effective practices to increase their social inclusion within society. Chapter II and III are comprised of two different single subject research designs implemented in a post-secondary education program (PSE) for college age students with I/DD to increase their level of physical activity. The first study applied a randomized interdependent group contingency and the second study analyzed the use of peer reinforcement through social media (Facebook) to increase physical activity. A discussion of the results from each study and the relevance of these results to the current literature is included in chapter IV of this dissertation.The results from these two studies were mixed between group performance and the individual outcome of each participant. A social validity questionnaire was included in both studies, which contributed supplemental findings to these two studies. Information included in this dissertation can be applied to further research that explores current barriers and inclusive practices for individuals of all ages with disabilities to pursue a healthier lifestyle.
Download or read book Effective Teaching written by Mark Wolery and published by Pearson. This book was released on 1988 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Token Economy written by Alan Kazdin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of operant techniques in treatment and education have proliferated in recent years. Among the various techniques, the token economy has been particu larly popular. The token economy has been extended to many populations included in psychiatry, clinical psychology, education, and the mental health fields in general. Of course, merely because a technique is applied widely does not neces sarily argue for its efficacy. Yet, the token economy has been extensively re searched. The main purpose of this book is to review, elaborate, and evaluate critically research bearing on the token economy. The book examines several features of the token economy including the variables that contribute to its efficacy, the accomplishments, limitations, and potential weaknesses, and recent advances. Because the token economy literature is vast, the book encompasses programs in diverse treatment, rehabilitation, and educational settings across a wide range of populations and behaviors. Within the last few years, a small number of books on token economies have appeared. Each of these books describes a particular token economy in one treatment ,etting, details practical problems encountered, and provides suggestions for ad ministering the program. This focus is important but neglects the extensive scholarly research on token economies. The present book reviews research across diverse settings and clients. Actually, this focus is quite relevant for implementing token economies because the research reveals those aspects and treatment variations that contribute to or enhance client performance.
Download or read book Preventing Problem Behaviors written by Bob Algozzine and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today's increasingly diverse PreK–12 classrooms, problem behaviors can often interrupt instructional time and disrupt learning. Designed for 21st-century school leaders, administrators, behavior specialists, and classroom teachers, this research-based guide offers specific strategies and plans for preventing problem behavior at both the classroom and school level. Based on the premise that early response to problems can lead to better outcomes for students, the book's content is framed around four essential areas: foundations, intervention, collaboration, and evaluation. Within these areas, this accessible guide features: -The latest information on the science and practice of prevention -Reasons why conflict resolution, peer mediation, and bully-proofing are essential to prevention -Effective practices for teaching social skills to young children -Proven techniques for implementing schoolwide positive behavior support -Tools for using individual behavior plans to prevent problems -Ideas for home-school and community partnerships and culturally responsible teaching -Critical strategies for monitoring student progress and evaluating prevention practices -New, updated chapters, including information on preschool behavior support and RTI This valuable resource provides all the tools and strategies school leaders and teachers need to keep children focused on learning.
Download or read book Single case Designs for Educational Research written by Craig H. Kennedy and published by Pearson. This book was released on 2005 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single-Case Designs for Educational Research provides up-to-date in-depth information about the use of single-case experimental designs in educational research across a range of educational settings and students. Research Methods in Special Education. Appropriate for those pursuing advanced degrees in Education and Special Education.
Download or read book Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers Interactive Ninth Edition written by Paul A. Alberto and published by Pearson. This book was released on 2016-02-22 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. Scholarly and empirically based, yet friendly and accessible, this text shows teachers how to use the principles of behavior analysis to create their own recipes for success. Through classroom-based examples and practices firmly grounded in research, Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers gives teachers powerful ways of dealing appropriately and ethically with some of the most challenging behaviors students display. It takes readers through the entire process, from identifying a target behavior to collecting and graphing data, selecting an experimental design, conducting a functional analysis, arranging consequences, arranging antecedents, and generalizing behavior change. The authors’ emphasis on making the text readable and user-friendly features numerous examples describing students from preschool through young adulthood functioning at various levels of ability, and teachers ranging from excellent to poor, with many relatable examples of good teachers who learn from their inevitable mistakes.
Download or read book Educating the Student Body written by Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
Download or read book Psychology of Physical Activity written by Stuart Biddle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-04-11 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The positive benefits of physical activity for physical and mental health are now widely acknowledged, yet levels of physical inactivity continue to be a major concern throughout the world. Understanding the psychology of physical activity has therefore become an important issue for scientists, health professionals and policy-makers alike as they address the challenge of behaviour change. Psychology of Physical Activity provides comprehensive and in-depth coverage of the fundamentals of exercise psychology, from mental health, to theories of motivation and adherence, and to the design of successful interventions for increasing participation. Now publishing in a fully revised, updated and expanded fourth edition, Psychology of Physical Activity is still the only textbook to offer a full survey of the evidence base for theory and practice in exercise psychology, and the only textbook that explains how to interpret the quality of the research evidence. As the field continues to grow rapidly, the new edition expands the behavioural science content of numerous important topics, including physical activity and cognitive functioning, automatic and affective frameworks for understanding physical activity involvement, new interventions designed to increase physical activity (including use of new technologies), and sedentary behaviour. A full companion website offers useful features to help students and lecturers get the most out of the book during their course, including multiple-choice revision questions, PowerPoint slides and a test bank of additional learning activities. Psychology of Physical Activity is the most authoritative, engaging and up-to-date book on exercise psychology currently available. It is essential reading for all students working in behavioural medicine, as well as the exercise and health sciences.
