Download or read book Comparative Study of Biodegradation of Municipal Solid Waste in Simulated Aerobic and Anaerobic Bioreactor Landfills written by Septa Rendra and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparative Study of Biodegradation of Municipal Solid Waste in Simulated Aerobic and Anaerobic Bioreactor Landfills written by Septa Rendra and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Municipal Solid Waste in Bioreactor Landfills written by Dounia El Khatib and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioreactor landfills allow a more active landfill management that recognizes the biological, chemical and physical processes involved in a landfill environment. The bioreactor landfill provides control and process optimization, primarily through the addition of leachate or other liquid amendments. This research presents an analysis of leachate, gas and solid parameters data collected during the Acid Formation Phase of anaerobic solid waste decomposition in simulated bioreactor landfills. The main focus of the study is the analysis of the effect of temperature on solid waste decomposition in bioreactor landfills. In accordance with this objective, three simulated landfill bioreactors were designed and constructed at the EPA Center Hill Facility. Two of the lysimeters were operating at a normal temperature of 37oC and the third was operating at high temperature (60oC). The lysimeters were filled with synthetic municipal solid waste (MSW) material prepared at the site, typical to the landfill composition waste generated in the USA, and reported by U.S. EPA 2008. In the first part of this study, the results of the indicator parameters are analyzed to quantify the effect of temperature on the waste degradation in bioreactor landfills. Tables and graphical representation of the data are provided for each of the three lysimeters, and compared in order to study the variation of biodegradation of MSW according to the temperature. In the second part of the study, landfill settlement has been studied in order to predict the settlement in bioreactor landfills. Prediction of landfill settlement is one of the important parameters that affect the design and maintenance of bioreactor landfills. Settlement is known to be a function of many factors (i.e. moisture, density, type of waste etc.); therefore, large number of variables is involved in the settlement mechanism. In this work, a biodegradation settlement model incorporating two parameters (A and B) was developed. In addition, an empirical check of the settlement model was studied, using an exponential function to fit the settlement.
Download or read book Modeling Microbiological and Chemical Processes in Municipal Solid Waste Bioreactor written by Nitin A. Gawande and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The numerical computer models that simulate municipal solid waste (MSW) bioreactor landfills have mainly two components--a biodegradation process module and a multi-phase flow module. The biodegradation model describes the chemical and microbiological processes of solid waste biodegradation. The models available to date include predefined solid waste biodegradation reactions and participating species. In a bioreactor landfill several processes, such as anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation, nitrogen and sulfate cycling, precipitation and dissolution of metals, and adsorption and gasification of various anthropogenic organic compounds, occur simultaneously. These processes may involve reactions of several species and the available biochemical models for solid waste biodegradation do not provide users with the flexibility to selectively simulate these processes. This research work includes the development of a generalized biochemical process model, BIOKEMOD-3P, which can accommodate a large number of species and process reactions. This model is able to simulate bioreactor landfill processes in a completely mixed condition; when coupled with a multi-phase model it will be able to simulate a full-scale bioreactor landfill. This generalized biochemical model can simulate laboratory and pilot-scale operations which are important to determine biochemical parameters important for simulation of full-scale operations. To illustrate application of BIOKEMOD-3P, two sets of laboratory MSW bioreactors were simulated in this research work. The first demonstrated simulation of data from anaerobic biodegradation of MSW in experimental bioreactors. In another application, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification processes in MSW bioreactors were simulated. The results from these simulations generated information about various modeling parameters that would help implement these processes in a full-scale bioreactor landfill operation.
Download or read book Multiphase Modeling of Flow Transport and Biodegradation in a Mesoscale Landfill Bioreactor written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need to control gas and leachate production and minimize refuse volume in municipal solid waste landfills has motivated the development of landfill simulation models to predict and design optimal treatment processes. We have developed a multiphase and multicomponent nonisothermal module called T2LBM for the three-dimensional TOUGH2 flow and transport simulator. T2LBM can be used to simulate aerobic or anaerobic biodegradation of municipal solid waste and the associated flow and transport of gas and liquid through the refuse mass. Acetic acid is used as a proxy for all biodegradable substrates in the refuse. T2LBM incorporates a Monod kinetic rate law for the biodegradation of acetic acid by either aerobic or anaerobic microbes as controlled by the local oxygen concentration. We have verified the model against published data, and applied it to our own mesoscale laboratory aerobic landfill bioreactor experiments. We observe spatial variability of flow and biodegradation consistent with permeability heterogeneity and the geometry of the radial grid. The model is capable of matching results of a shut-in test where the respiration of the system is measured over time.
Download or read book Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes written by J. Mata-Alvarez and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-08-31 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes is a comprehensive introduction to both the fundamentals and the more practical aspects of the anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes, particularly those derived from households, that is, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW). It can be used as a textbook for specialized courses and also as a guide for practitioners. In the first part, the book covers the relevant aspects of anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes. The fundamentals and kinetic aspects of AD are reviewed with particular emphasis on the aspects related to solid wastes. This introduction is necessary to have a comprehensive view of the AD process and to understand the practical principles as well as the origin of possible problems arising from the management of the process. Chapter 2 emphasizes the role of kinetics in designing the reactor, paying special attention to existing models, particularly the dynamic ones. Through this introduction, it is intended to facilitate the technology transfer from laboratory or pilot plant experiences to full-scale process, in order to implement improvements in current digesters. Laboratory methods are described for the analysis and optimization of reactor performance, such as methanogenic activity tests or experimental evaluation of the biodegradation kinetics of solid organic waste. The different reaction patterns applied to industrial reactors are outlined. Industrial reactors are classified in accordance with the system they use, pointing out advantages and limitations. Co-digestion, enabling the co-treatment of organic wastes of different origin in a more economically feasible way, is described in detail. Examples of co-digestion are given, with OFMSW as a base-substrate. Finally, full-scale co-digestion plants are discussed. Various types (mechanical, biological, physico-chemical) of pre-treatment to increase the biodegradability, and thus the yields of the process, are reviewed in detail. The use of the fermentation products of anaerobic digesters for biological nutrient removal processes in wastewater treatment plants is described. This constitutes an example of integrated waste management, a field in which both economic and technical advances can be achieved. Balances are given to justify the approach, and a full-scale case study is presented. The important topic of economics and the ecological advantages of the process are emphasized. The use of compost, the integration with composting technology, and advantages over other technologies are detailed in the framework of an environmental impact assessment of biowaste treatment. Finally, the anaerobic digestion of MSW in landfills is reviewed in detail, with emphasis on landfill process enhancement and strategies for its application.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 946 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Landfill Bioreactor Design Operation written by Timothy G. Townsend and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using biotechnology to help control landfill processes can mitigate costs, shorten the time needed to process solid waste, and ease the typical ecological damage to the land being used. This first-of-its-kind book provides regulators, designers, landfill owners, and operators with information that supports the utility of landfill bioreactors and provides design and operating criteria essential for the successful application of this technology. It pulls together laboratory, pilot, and full-scale experiences into one concise guide to designing and running municipal landfills as bioreactors. Landfill Bioreactor Design and Operation covers the history and background of landfill technology, research studies of actual bioreactor landfills, expected leachate and gas yields, specific design criteria, operation guidelines, and reuse of landfill sites to avoid having to establish new sites. For anyone looking for an alternative to large, wasteful landfill sites, this book provides a practical alternative to the problem.
Download or read book Landfill aeration written by Rainer Stegmann and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Degradation of Plastics written by Inamuddin and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The degradation of plastics is most important for the removal and recycling of plastic wastes. The book presents a comprehensive overview of the field. Topics covered include plastic degradation methods, mechanistic actions, biodegradation, involvement of enzymes, photocatalytic degradation and the use of cyanobacteria. Also covered are the market of degradable plastics and the environmental implications. Keywords: Degradable Plastics, Bioplastics, Biodegradable Plastics, Enzymes, Cyanobacteria, Photocatalytic Degradation, Wastewater Treatment, Degradable Plastic Market, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polystyrene, Polyvinyl Chloride, Polyurethane, and Polyethylene Terephthalate.
Download or read book C l bes Sud written by and published by . This book was released on 1975* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering written by James R. Pfafflin and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1992 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sanitary Landfilling Process Technology and Environmental Impact written by Thomas Christensen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sanitary Landfilling: Process, Technology, and Environmental Impact is a collection of essays that discusses the role of landfilling in solid waste management. The book presents the approach in the principles of landfilling and the basic biochemical processes in landfills. The text describes the landfill hydrology and leachate production. It discusses the design and construction of liner systems and the surface capping with natural liner materials. The section that follows describes the soil and refuse stability in sanitary landfills. The book will provide valuable insights for engineers, environmentalists, students, and researchers in the field of solid waste management.
Download or read book Recycling of Solid Waste for Biofuels and Bio chemicals written by Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-10 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest advances in and current research perspectives on the field of urban/industrial solid waste recycling for bio-energy and bio-fuel recovery. It chiefly focuses on five main thematic areas, namely bioreactor landfills coupled with energy and nutrient recovery; microbial insights into anaerobic digestion; greenhouse emission assessment; pyrolysis techniques for special waste treatment; and industrial waste stabilization options. In addition, it compiles the results of case studies and solid waste management perspectives from different countries.
Download or read book A Comparative Evaluation of Liquid Infiltration Methods for Bioreactor Landfills written by Timothy J. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Instead of merely disposing of municipal solid waste (i.e., MSW, garbage, refuse) in a traditional landfill, new technology is being developed to treat landfilled waste in situ by designing and operating the landfill as a biological treatment system or bioreactor. Increasing the moisture content of solid waste to 40% or more (by leachate recirculation or water addition) enhances the biodegradation process. However the probable existence of preferential flow paths prevents wetting the entire waste mass to biologically optimal conditions. Significant areas of concern include the operational aspects of applying leachate to waste in the landfill. In leachate recirculation projects found in the literature, a variety of infiltration methods were used to introduce leachate back to the landfill mass. However, a direct comparison of the effectiveness of the methods was not found. Therefore, this research evaluated four methods of wetting MSW and assessed the effectiveness of each method. This project included the design and dissemination of a questionnaire to determine the current state of practice in bioreactor technology in the U.S. and a laboratory study of four liquid infiltration methods. The infiltration methods were: trickle irrigation cascade system; horizontal trench; single wells; and cluster wells. The project used four 2.0 m3 laboratory-scale landfills containing "engineered" MSW. Evaluation of moisture distribution was performed using two different types of in-situ moisture sensors and a dye tracer study to determine distribution of moisture and flow rates. Results of the project indicated that; three liquid infiltration methods were utilized by respondents to the bioreactor questionnaire, a larger number of respondents to the bioreactor questionnaire are needed to determine if design parameters are emerging from industry and academia. The GMX in-situ moisture monitoring instruments did not sense moisture content below 40%, to reliably sense moisture content both the TDT and GMX sensors must be in intimate contact with the surrounding media. The cluster well method provided the greatest overall increase in the moisture content of the waste during the experiments. However, none of the infiltration methods tested wetted the waste to the desired 40% moisture content during the 8 hour test runs.
Download or read book Facultative Bioreactor Landfill written by Ricardo Coelho De Abreu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A relatively new concept of Municipal Solid Waste treatment is known as bioreactor landfill technology. Bioreactor landfills are sanitary landfills that use microbiological processes purposefully to transform and stabilize the biodegradable organic waste constituents in a shorter period of time. One of the most popular types of bioreactor landfills is the landfill with leachate recirculation. However, it is observed that ammonia rapidly accumulates in landfills that recirculate leachate and may be the component that limits the potential to discharge excess leachate to the environment. In the facultative landfill, leachate is nitrified biologically using an on-site treatment plant and converted by denitrifying bacteria to nitrogen gas, a harmless end-product. In this research, three pilot-plant scale lysimeters are used in a comparative evaluation of the effect of recirculating treated and untreated leachate on waste stabilization rates. The three lysimeters are filled with waste prepared with identical composition. One is being operated as a facultative bioreactor landfill with external leachate pre-treatment prior to recirculation, the second is being operated as an anaerobic bioreactor landfill with straight raw leachate recirculation, and the third one is the control unit and operated as a conventional landfill. Apart from environmental restrictions, geotechnical constraints are also imposed on new sanitary landfills. The scarcity of new potential disposal areas imposes higher and higher landfills, in order to utilize the maximum capacity of those areas. In this context, the knowledge of the compressibility of waste landfills represents a powerful tool to search for alternatives for optimization of disposal areas and new solid waste disposal technologies. This dissertation deals with and discusses the environmental and geotechnical aspects of municipal solid waste landfills. In the Environmental Engineering area, it compares the quality of the leachate and gas generated in the three lysimeters and discusses the transfer of the technology studied through lysimeters to procedures for full-scale operation. In the geotechnical area, this dissertation discusses the compressibility properties of the waste and provides a state-of-the-art review of MSW compressibility studies. It also evaluates the compressibility of MSW landfills for immediate and long-term settlements and proposes a new model for compressibility of waste landfills.
Download or read book Waste Biodegradation in a Meso scale Aerobic Bioreactor written by Jessica Diane Creed Montgomery and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerobic bioreactor landfills, where liquid and air are introduced to accelerate waste degradation, have shifted landfill design to focus on rapid waste degradation to enhance public health and safety. Recent trials with aerobic bioreactors suggest that they may result in more rapid waste stabilization, reduced greenhouse gas generation, reduced need for treatment and disposal of leachate, and increased landfill capacity relative to conventional landfill designs. The research described here involved the construction and operation of a meso-scale bioreactor to assess the feasibility of aerating MSW in landfills from the onset of waste placement rather than after a final cover is installed. A 9.3ft x 5ft x 5.7ft (L x W x H) reactor was constructed of structural insulated panels and fitted with vertical wells that could deliver air or water to a representative solid waste mix. The bioreactor was fitted with instrumentation to monitor gas concentrations, temperature, and moisture in the wastes. Good waste degradation was achieved, with an 81.8% reduction in VS and a 52.1% reduction in the biodegradability factor. The 1.35 cellulose to lignin ratio at the end of 277 days in this study compared with ratios from a conventional landfill suggest that this incubation was equivalent to 1,292 days of conventional landfilling. The oxygen uptake rate was initially 1.90 mL O[subscript]2/(g*day), and the final sample had a rate of 0.73 mL/(g*day), suggesting a decline in the microbial activity and near complete degradation. The findings suggest that with proper monitoring, rapid waste degradation and landfill volume recovery is feasible with aerobic bioreactors.
