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Book Comparative Ecological Genetics of Bromus Tectorum cheatgrass Downy Brome from Native European Naturalized New Zealand and Invasive North American Populations

Download or read book Comparative Ecological Genetics of Bromus Tectorum cheatgrass Downy Brome from Native European Naturalized New Zealand and Invasive North American Populations written by Cecilia Lynn Kinter and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book American Journal of Botany

Download or read book American Journal of Botany written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Dissertation Abstracts International

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting Abstracts

Download or read book Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting Abstracts written by Ecological Society of America. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Cheating Cheatgrass

Download or read book Cheating Cheatgrass written by Samuel Robert Revolinski and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bromus tectorum L., known as cheatgrass or downy brome, is arguably the most damaging invasive species in North America. Bromus tectorum reduces crop yields, increases the frequency of wildfires, and displaces indigenous species in North America, especially the intermountain west. The broad scale of damage to ecosystems and reductions in crop yields caused by B. tectorum necessitate action to mitigate ecosystem destruction and food shortages, and thus the on society. As a near obligate self-fertilizing species, B. tectorum has a life cycle uniquely adapted to the intermountain western United States. To adapt to natural ecosystems and cropping systems B. tectorum relies on variation in phenology traits and herbicide resistance. However, the source, maintenance, and impact, of the variation in phenology and herbicide resistance remains uncharacterized in B. tectorum. Using B. tectorum from the germplasm resource information network, the inland Pacific Northwest and Montana, we observed repeatable variation in phenology across the global accessions, between regions in North America and between genotypes sampled within the same location. A genome wide association study identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling height and phenology traits, revealing punitive candidate genes underlying the variation in phenology traits. However, a genome wide scan for genomic indicators of selection revealed multiple putative candidate genes from the ATP-binding cassette transporter, cytochrome P450, glutathione s-transferase, and glycosyltransferase gene families implicated in non-target site resistance, but only one gene implicated with phenology. Identifying non-target site resistance genes under selection and not phenology genes, implies that herbicide resistance is a greater driver of selection for B. tectorum, in the invasive range. Using stochastic forward genetic simulations we identified migration and selection as key factors to maintain the genetic and phenotypic variation present in B. tectorum. Individual-based simulations revealed that marginal environments, where annual plants have a low fecundity, outcrossing does not confer an advantage to adaptation. Developing novel management strategies for B. tectorum by should be based on both the genetic and phenotypic variation present in B. tectorum and the theoretical basis for maintenance of the variation observed.

Book Adaption to Climate Change and Small Grain Production Systems by Bromus Tectorum

Download or read book Adaption to Climate Change and Small Grain Production Systems by Bromus Tectorum written by Nevin Craig Lawrence and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bromus tectorum (downy brome) is an invasive winter annual grass species naturalized throughout western North America. Within the small grain production region of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) downy brome is a ubiquitous and competitive weed. Previous research has documented regional specificity of downy brome phenotypic development, while considerable variation in phenotypic development has been noted between regions. In 2011 and 2012 130 downy brome accessions were collected from across the PNW small grain production region. A genotype-by-sequencing approach was employed to call molecular markers, generate population genetic statistics, and classify 88 of the 130 downy brome accessions into genetically similar clusters. Individuals were assigned to one of six genetic clusters using discriminant analysis of principal components using 384 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Accessions were transplanted to three common garden field sites to document and model the timing of development. The timing of development stages was modeled against cumulative growing-degree-days (GDD) to develop herbicide application thresholds to aid in control of downy brome within small grain fields. The estimate for mature seed production varied from May 18th to June 20th depending upon the location of the common garden. Earlier production of mature seed was observed following more severe winters compared to mild winters, implying a role of vernalization regulating the timing of development. Greenhouse experiments were initiated to characterize the response of early, intermediate, and late-to-flower downy brome accessions to various vernalization treatments and quantify expression of Brachypodium distachyon gene vernalization 1 (BdVRN1). Downy brome flowering in response to vernalization treatments was linked to the expression of BdVRN1, implying the molecular controls of flowering in downy brome are similar to the controls of other temperate grass species. Downscaled climate modeling was paired with Global Climate Change models to project downy brome development thresholds under future climate scenarios. Downy brome development is anticipated to advance 16 to 34 days across the small grain production region of the PNW. The earlier development of downy brome will require earlier control inputs, which may conflict with earlier rainfall projected under future climate scenarios.

Book Cheatgrass

Download or read book Cheatgrass written by Martin Joseph Zimmerman and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Understanding Ecological Interactions to Improve Management of Bromus Tectorum in Rangeland and Cropland Ecosystems

Download or read book Understanding Ecological Interactions to Improve Management of Bromus Tectorum in Rangeland and Cropland Ecosystems written by Lesley Noelle Orloff and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bromus tectorum L. (downy brome or cheatgrass) has been called the most dominant invasive plant species in the western United States. It is a barrier to restoration efforts in degraded lands and a serious weed problem for small grain growers. Investigating ecological interactions that play a mechanistic role in its success is a necessary step towards developing effective ecologically-based management strategies for B. tectorum. We investigated how biotic and abiotic factors impact interactions between B. tectorum and desired vegetation, with implications for restoration of lands dominated by B. tectorum and management of B. tectorum in small-grain cropping systems. Our research objectives were; 1) appraise the impact of relative size and soil nitrogen (N) availability on interactions between B. tectorum and Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love (bluebunch wheatgrass), a species important in rangeland revegetation, and, 2) determine the impacts of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), resource availability, and neighborhood characteristics on B. tectorum performance in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system. Objective 1 was carried out in a greenhouse experiment with two trials, following an addition series factorial design with four density treatments for each species, three P. spicata size cohort treatments, and two N treatments. Regression analysis indicated that giving P. spicata an initial size advantage over B. tectorum increased its ability to both suppress and avoid suppression by B. tectorum. We also observed that while N availability increased productivity of both species, it did not change their competitive relationship. Objective 2 was explored in two trials of a field experiment using a split-plot design with N availability assigned to main plots, WSMV inoculation assigned to subplots, B. tectorum proximity to the nearest wheat row as a predictor, and neighborhood characteristics as covariates. Regression analysis indicated that in low and high N environments (compared to the recommended N rate), distance from row influenced individual B. tectorum biomass only in disease-free environments, suggesting that healthy wheat suppressed B. tectorum that was closest to the row. Wheat inoculated with WSMV did not suppress B. tectorum. In an intermediate N environment, increased distance from row increased B. tectorum performance only with WSMV inoculation.

Book Integrated Management of Downy Brome in Winter Wheat

Download or read book Integrated Management of Downy Brome in Winter Wheat written by Drew J. Lyon and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), also known as cheatgrass, is especially troublesome in low precipitation production areas where crop rotations are mostly limited to winter wheat followed by a year of summer fallow. The invasive weed is best controlled with a combination of management tools to reduce a plant population to an acceptable level while preserving the quality of natural resources

Book Downy Brome Bromus Tectorum

Download or read book Downy Brome Bromus Tectorum written by Weed Science Society of America and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Rangeland Systems

Download or read book Rangeland Systems written by David D. Briske and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-12 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. This book provides an unprecedented synthesis of the current status of scientific and management knowledge regarding global rangelands and the major challenges that confront them. It has been organized around three major themes. The first summarizes the conceptual advances that have occurred in the rangeland profession. The second addresses the implications of these conceptual advances to management and policy. The third assesses several major challenges confronting global rangelands in the 21st century. This book will compliment applied range management textbooks by describing the conceptual foundation on which the rangeland profession is based. It has been written to be accessible to a broad audience, including ecosystem managers, educators, students and policy makers. The content is founded on the collective experience, knowledge and commitment of 80 authors who have worked in rangelands throughout the world. Their collective contributions indicate that a more comprehensive framework is necessary to address the complex challenges confronting global rangelands. Rangelands represent adaptive social-ecological systems, in which societal values, organizations and capacities are of equal importance to, and interact with, those of ecological processes. A more comprehensive framework for rangeland systems may enable management agencies, and educational, research and policy making organizations to more effectively assess complex problems and develop appropriate solutions.