Download or read book Comparative Assessment of Cold Spray Laser Assisted Cold Spray and Direct Metal Laser Sintering of Ti 6Al 4V written by Michael Trowbridge and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ti-6Al-4V is an - titanium alloy that continues to be widely used in the aerospace and medical industries due to its corrosion resistance and impressive strength-to-weight ratio. Ti-6Al-4Vs high manufacturing time and cost make the alloy an excellent candidate for near-net shape fabrication. However, fabrication processes often introduce thermal effects that transform the microstructure and degrade mechanical properties. Cold spray (CS) avoids such thermal effects by achieving bonding through kinetic energy. However, Ti-6Al-4Vs toughness limits particle deformation and leads to deposition porosity. This investigation examines the effects of several parameters on the coating microstructure and porosity, including driving gas selection, hot isostatic pressing, and laser-assisted cold spray (LACS). Furthermore, the porosity and microstructure of the CS and LACS specimens were compared to a Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) specimen. Ultimately, eight series of specimens were analyzed across a range of fabrication processes, parameters, and post-process conditions. The results provide a better understanding of the microstructure of sprayed and printed Ti-6Al-4V and form a foundation for future mechanical testing of these processes.

Download or read book Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Biomedical Applications written by Ram Gupta and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-06-23 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Biomedical Applications covers tissue engineering, scaffolds, implant and dental application, wound healing and adhesives. The book is one of four volumes that together provide a comprehensive resource in the field of Advanced Ceramic Coatings, also including titles covering: fundamentals, manufacturing, and classification; energy applications; and emerging applications. This books will be extremely useful for academic and industrial researchers and practicing engineers who need to find reliable and up-to-date information about recent progresses and new developments in the field of advanced ceramic coatings. It will also be of value to early career scientists providing background knowledge to the field. Smart ceramic coatings containing multifunctional components are now finding application in transportation and automotive industries, in electronics, and energy sectors, in aerospace and defense, and in industrial goods and healthcare. Their wide application and stability in harsh environments are only possible due to the stability of the inorganic components used. Ceramic coatings are typically silicon nitride, chromia, hafnia, alumina, alumina-magnesia, silica, silicon carbide, titania, and zirconia-based compositions. The increased demand for these materials and their application in energy, transportation, and the automotive industry, are considered, to be the main drivers. Provides comprehensive coverage of biomedical applications of advanced ceramic coatings Covers basic principles of surface chemistry and the fundamentals of ceramic materials and engineering Features the latest progress and recent technological developments Includes comparisons to other coating types (e.g., polymers, metals, and enamel) to demonstrate the potential, limitations, and differences Contains extensive case studies and worked examples

Download or read book DIRECT METAL LASER SINTERING OF TI 6AL 4V ALLOY PROCESS PROPERTY GEOMETRY EMPIRICAL MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION written by Behzad Fotovvati and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is a widely used powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) technology that offers extensive capabilities to fabricate complex metallic components. In the DMLS process, part fabrication involves small moving melt-pools formed by the interaction of laser beam and metal powders. The formation of a melt-pool and subsequently its rapid solidification results in alteration of properties and microstructure of the product. Therefore, understanding and predicting relationships between DMLS process parameters and melt-pool characteristics is critical to control and improve the properties of parts. The melt-pool formation in this process is very similar to what occurs in metal laser welding, having solid metallic parts rather than metal powders, plus laser welding is more investigated and is better known compare to DMLS. So, a critical review of the literature on experimental and modeling studies on laser welding, with the focus being on the influence of process parameters on geometry, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, microstructure, and porosity characteristics of the melt-pool is presented. However, the DMLS process has several variables, altering which increases the complexity of the correlations between them and the final properties. A solution is to isolate the variable sets from the other ones during the investigation. Therefore, keeping all the processing parameters constant, an investigation of the size and geometry dependence of the dimensional accuracy of the DMLS process is presented. For all features, with different geometries and different sizes, the percent error significantly increases with decreasing the feature size. Then, the effect of thickness, orientation, distance from free edges, and height on the mechanical properties and their correlations to material microstructure and thermal history as dictated by DMLS process parameters are investigated and the results are correlated to the porosity volume fraction and their elongation direction, prior grain width and orientation, nanoparticle volume fraction, martensitic decomposition to + and orthorhombic structure, and Oxygen content variation. Furthermore, the influence of five most influential DMLS processing parameters, i.e. laser power, scan speed, hatch spacing, layer thickness, and stripe width, on relative density, microhardness, and surface roughness are thoroughly investigated. Two design of experiment (DoE) methods, including the Taguchi and fractional factorial DoE for response surface method (RSM), along with an artificial neural network (ANN) are designed and trained to predict the response values. A multi-objective RSM model is developed for the optimization of DMLS processing parameters. It is shown that the proposed ANN model can most accurately predict various response properties of DMLS components..

Download or read book Co axial Laser Assisted Cold Spray Experimental Study Design Application written by Praneet Talwar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation of Electrochemical Post processing Procedure for Ti 6Al 4V Lattice Structure Manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering DMLS written by Julien Marleau-Finley and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Additive manufacturing has become very popular nowadays to create complex geometries that can not be achieved by any other manufacturing process. This technology has its benefits as well as drawbacks. One of the main drawback is that parts manufactured from this technology typically have relatively high surface roughness which leads to low tribological properties, low aerodynamic properties, a lower resistance to fatigue, and low aesthetics. This in turn has a direct impact on the mechanical properties and the useful life of the manufactured part. The purpose of this study is to investigate and characterise the electrochemical polishing and chemical etching methods as a post-process treatment to improve the surface finish of lattice structures made from Ti-6Al-4V manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). This material is of interest because it is frequently used in aerospace and biomedical field due to its mechanical strength, light weight, and biocompatibility. Both aerospace and bio-implant industries have high interest in additive manufacturing technology but are concerned about the achievable surface finish of DMLS process. This work will provide critical information on the surface and geometrical characterisation as well as the post-process treatment of a Ti-6Al-4V lattice. The metrological data will be analysed to determine how the post-process treatment affects the surface finish, considering the final roughness (Average roughness, Ra) and geometrical integrity of lattice samples. " --

Download or read book Cold Spray Technology written by Anatolii Papyrin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-10-04 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of this book is Cold Spray technology. Cold Spray is a process of applying coatings by exposing a metallic or dielectric substrate to a high velocity (300 to 1200 m/s) jet of small (1 to 50 μm) particles accelerated by a supersonic jet of compressed gas. This process is based on the selection of the combination of particle temperature, velocity, and size that allows spraying at the lowest temperature possible. In the Cold Spray process, powder particles are accelerated by the supersonic gas jet at a temperature that is always lower than the melting point of the material, resulting in coating formation from particles in the solid state. As a consequence, the deleterious effects of high-temperature oxidation, evaporation, melting, crystallization, residual stresses, gas release, and other common problems for traditional thermal spray methods are minimized or eliminated. This book is the first of its kind on the Cold Spray process. Cold Spray Technology covers a wide spectrum of various aspects of the Cold Spray technology, including gas-dynamics, physics of interaction of high-speed solid particles with a substrate as well as equipment, technologies, and applications. Cold Spray Technology includes the results of more than 20 years of original studies (1984-2005) conducted at the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, as well as the results of studies conducted at most of the research centres around the world. The authors' goal is threefold. The first goal is to explain basic principles and advantages of the Cold Spray process. The second goal is, to give practical information on technologies and equipment. The third goal is to present the current state of research and development in this field over the world. The book provides coverage and data that will be of interest for users of Cold Spray technology as well as for other coating experts. At the present time the Cold Spray method is recognized by world leading scientists and specialists. A wide spectrum of research is being conducted at many research centres and companies in many countries. New approach to spray coatings Results are exceptionally pure coatings Low spray temperature without degradation of powder and substrate materials High productivity, high deposition efficiency High operational safety because of absence of high temperature gas jets, radiation and explosive gases Excellent thermal and electrical conductivity Wide spectrum of applications because of important advantages of the process

Download or read book Residual Stress of Ti6A14V ELI Parts Manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering written by Ian Van Zyl and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study focuses on the residual stress in Ti6Al4V (ELI) parts manufactured by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). During DMLS a laser beam scans over the powder layer thus melting the powder and previous layer. High-concentrated energy input leads to high thermal gradients. The track-by-track, layer-by-layer nature of DMLS technology and the thermocycling of the process leads to complex stress distribution and deformation of parts during manufacturing. A literature review of the DMLS process is given; the capabilities of DMLS are overviewed, and a practical medical solution is demonstrated as a prominent market component of DMLS and its capabilities. Types of residual stress, its origin and effect on the performance of materials are described. Focus is given to the methods for quantitative and qualitative determination of residual stress in DMLS objects. The thermal gradient and shrinkage play a vital role in the development of residual stresses. Methodology for the investigations of the microstructure, roughness, deformation and microhardness of the specimens are outlined. Experiments which were conducted with their respective results are included, the results being scrutinized as well as the relevant interpretation to reach adequate scientific conclusions. Relative comparisons are also done in terms of received data and literature. Some numerical simulations are done for predictive and comparative purposes. The results show high values of residual stress in Ti6Al4V (ELI) specimens produced by DMLS. The residual stresses in samples with successively increasing thickness and in primitive 3D components were investigated. It was found that volumetric and shape relations in terms of residual stress and DMLS objects exist. Applied post process heat treatment is adequate in relieving the majority of residual stress. The sensitivity of Ti6Al4V (ELI) alloy to interstitial elements is also indicated in the data during heat treatment. The consequences of residual stress experienced during this study demand creative solutions for the purpose of a wider application of this technology. Some promising directions for further investigation of residual stress in DMLS objects based on the study’s findings are done.

Download or read book Modelling and Analysis of Laser Direct Metal Deposition of Ti 6Al 4V Alloy written by Muhammad Naveed Ahsan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Overview of Densification Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Additively Manufactured Ti 6Al 4V Comparison Among Selective Laser Melting Electron Beam Melting Laser Metal Deposition and Selective Laser Sintering and with Conventional Powder written by Ming Yan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Overview of Densification, Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V - Comparison among Selective Laser Melting, Electron Beam Melting, Laser Metal Deposition and Selective Laser Sintering, and with Conventional Powder.

Download or read book Cold Spray Coatings written by Pasquale Cavaliere and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines the contributions of experts in the field to describe the behavior of various materials, micromechanisms involved during processing, and the optimization of cold-spray technology. It spans production, characterization, and applications including wear resistance, fatigue, life improvement, thermal barriers, crack repair, and biological applications. Cold spray is an innovative coating technology based on the kinetic energy gained by particles sprayed at very high pressures. While the technique was developed in the 1990s, industrial and scientific interest in this technology has grown vastly in the last ten years. Recently, many interesting applications have been associated with cold-sprayed coatings, including wear resistance, fatigue life improvement, thermal barriers, biological applications, and crack repair. However, many fundamental aspects require clarification and description.

Download or read book Comparative Assessment of Laser assisted Machining for Various Ceramics written by Patrick A. Rebro and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Texture Evolution During Laser Direct Metal Deposition of Ti 6Al 4V written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium alloys are used in a wide variety of high performance applications and hence the processing of the titanium and the resulting microstructures after additive manufacturing has received significant attention. During additive manufacturing the processing route involves the transition from a liquid to solid state. The addition of successive layers results in a complex microstructure due to solid-state transformations. The current study focuses on understanding the phase transformations and relate it to the transformation texture in Ti-6Al-4V to identify conditions leading to a strong alpha transformation texture. The as deposited builds were characterized using optical microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction. The results showed columnar prior [beta] grains with a martensitic structure after the deposition of a single layer. On subsequent depositions the martensitic microstructure decomposes to a colony and basketweave microstructure with a stronger transformation texture. The alpha texture with a colony and basketweave microstructure shows a stronger transformation texture as a result of variant selection. Thus by controlling the cooling rate of the build from the [beta] transus it is possible to control the alpha transformation texture.

Download or read book Powder Metallurgy of Titanium written by Ma Qian and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2012-08-24 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conference upon which this work is based fully achieved its objectives and turned out to be the largest international gathering dedicated solely to the topic of titanium processing via powder metallurgy. Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS). The 50 peer-reviewed papers are grouped into 8 chapters: PM titanium alloy design and processing developments; Powder Production; Effect of Impurities; Metal Injection Moulding of Titanium; Biomedical Titanium Alloys; Titanium Composites; Forging and Equal-Channel Angular Pressing of Titanium; Laser Cladding, Welding, Slip Casting and Other Processing Developments.

Download or read book Preprocessing of Ti 6Al 4V powder for applications in Selective Laser Sintering Hot Isostatic Pressing SLS HIP written by Brett Howard Engel and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing Laser Deposition of Ti 6Al 4V for Aerospace Repair Application written by Nanda Kumar Dey and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Parts or products machined from high performance metals are very expensive, partly due to the processing complexities during manufacturing. Therefore, many high performance metal parts users, such as the aerospace industry, mold/die casting industry, heavy machinery consumers etc., extend the service of these damaged parts by employing repair or remanufacturing technology. The research objective is to use laser deposition and machining processes to repair titanium parts. This thesis discusses a new way of approach for developing a repair process for Ti-6Al-4V for the aerospace industry using Laser Metal Deposition (LMD). The repairs were conducted in a multi-axis hybrid manufacturing systems in which the laser deposition and the machining processes are integrated. The study broadly included preparing the defects, laser deposition, machining, sample preparations and mechanical tests. Comparative study of mechanical properties (UTS, YS, percentage elongation) of the repaired samples to the ideal conditions was undertaken. The research throws up interesting facts where the data from the test sample shows enhancement of properties of the repaired part."--Abstract, page iv.

Download or read book Fatigue Performance of Laser Additive Manufactured Ti 6al 4V in Very High Cycle Fatigue Regime Up to 1E9 Cycles written by Eric Wycisk and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive manufacturing technologies are in the process of establishing themselves as an alternative production technology to conventional manufacturing, such as casting or milling. Especially laser additive manufacturing (LAM) enables the production of metallic parts with mechanical properties comparable to conventionally manufactured components. Due to the high geometrical freedom in LAM, the technology enables the production of ultra-light weight designs, and therefore gains increasing importance in aircraft and space industry. The high quality standards of these industries demand predictability of material properties for static and dynamic load cases. However, fatigue properties especially in the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime until 109 cycles have not been sufficiently determined yet. Therefore, this paper presents an analysis of fatigue properties of laser additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V under cyclic tension-tension until 107 cycles and tension-compression load until 109 cycles. For the analysis of laser additive manufactured titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, Woehler fatigue tests under tension-tension and tension-compression were carried out in the high cycle and VHCF regime. Specimens in stress-relieved as well as hot-isostatic-pressed conditions were analyzed regarding crack initiation site, mean stress sensitivity, and overall fatigue performance. The determined fatigue properties show values in the range of conventionally manufactured Ti-6Al-4V with particularly good performance for hot-isostatic-pressed additive-manufactured material. For all conditions, the results show no conventional fatigue limit but a constant increase in fatigue life with decreasing loads. No effects of test frequency on life span could be determined. However, independently of testing principle, a shift of crack initiation from surface to internal initiation could be observed with increasing cycles to failure.

Download or read book Titanium in Medical and Dental Applications written by Francis Froes and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium in Medical and Dental Applications is an essential reference book for those involved in biomedical materials and advanced metals. Written by well-known experts in the field, it covers a broad array of titanium uses, including implants, instruments, devices, the manufacturing processes used to create them, their properties, corrosion resistance and various fabrication approaches. Biomedical titanium materials are a critically important part of biomaterials, especially in cases where non-metallic biomedical materials are not suited to applications, such as the case of load-bearing implants. The book also covers the use of titanium for implants in the medical and dental fields and reviews the use of titanium for medical instruments and devices. - Provides an understanding of the essential and broad applications of Titanium in both the medical and dental industries - Discusses the pathways to manufacturing titanium into critical biomedical and dental devices - Includes insights into further applications within the industry