Download or read book Communist China s Opening of Coastal Cities written by Jianxun Chen and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Commanding Heights written by Daniel Yergin and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book China s Economic Rise written by Congressional Research Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-17 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 36 years ago, China maintained policies that kept the economy very poor, stagnant, centrally-controlled, vastly inefficient, and relatively isolated from the global economy. Since opening up to foreign trade and investment and implementing free market reforms in 1979, China has been among the world's fastest-growing economies, with real annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging nearly 10% through 2016. In recent years, China has emerged as a major global economic power. It is now the world's largest economy (on a purchasing power parity basis), manufacturer, merchandise trader, and holder of foreign exchange reserves.The global economic crisis that began in 2008 greatly affected China's economy. China's exports, imports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows declined, GDP growth slowed, and millions of Chinese workers reportedly lost their jobs. The Chinese government responded by implementing a $586 billion economic stimulus package and loosening monetary policies to increase bank lending. Such policies enabled China to effectively weather the effects of the sharp global fall in demand for Chinese products, but may have contributed to overcapacity in several industries and increased debt by Chinese firms and local government. China's economy has slowed in recent years. Real GDP growth has slowed in each of the past six years, dropping from 10.6% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2016, and is projected to slow to 5.7% by 2022.The Chinese government has attempted to steer the economy to a "new normal" of slower, but more stable and sustainable, economic growth. Yet, concerns have deepened in recent years over the health of the Chinese economy. On August 11, 2015, the Chinese government announced that the daily reference rate of the renminbi (RMB) would become more "market-oriented." Over the next three days, the RMB depreciated against the dollar and led to charges that China's goal was to boost exports to help stimulate the economy (which some suspect is in worse shape than indicated by official Chinese economic statistics). Concerns over the state of the Chinese economy appear to have often contributed to volatility in global stock indexes in recent years.The ability of China to maintain a rapidly growing economy in the long run will likely depend largely on the ability of the Chinese government to implement comprehensive economic reforms that more quickly hasten China's transition to a free market economy; rebalance the Chinese economy by making consumer demand, rather than exporting and fixed investment, the main engine of economic growth; boost productivity and innovation; address growing income disparities; and enhance environmental protection. The Chinese government has acknowledged that its current economic growth model needs to be altered and has announced several initiatives to address various economic challenges. In November 2013, the Communist Party of China held the Third Plenum of its 18th Party Congress, which outlined a number of broad policy reforms to boost competition and economic efficiency. For example, the communique stated that the market would now play a "decisive" role in allocating resources in the economy. At the same time, however, the communique emphasized the continued important role of the state sector in China's economy. In addition, many foreign firms have complained that the business climate in China has worsened in recent years. Thus, it remains unclear how committed the Chinese government is to implementing new comprehensive economic reforms.China's economic rise has significant implications for the United States and hence is of major interest to Congress. This report provides background on China's economic rise; describes its current economic structure; identifies the challenges China faces to maintain economic growth; and discusses the challenges, opportunities, and implications of China's economic rise.

Download or read book Problems of Communism written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Third Revolution written by Elizabeth Economy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Third Revolution, Elizabeth Economy, one of America's leading China scholars, provides an authoritative overview of contemporary China that makes sense of all of the seeming inconsistencies and ambiguities in its policies and actions.

Download or read book China s Maritime Disputes in the East and South China Seas written by U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-04-18 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's hearing will cover China's maritime disputes in the East and South China Seas. We'll examine the security, political, legal, and economic drivers of these disputes in our three panels today. The first panel will begin by discussing the broad security situation on the high seas. As China's maritime forces have become more capable over the past decade, Beijing has become more confident in its ability to assert its claims in the disputed areas. Beyond China's "hard" security concerns, however, other domestic, political, and legal elements shape China's policy in the East and South China Seas. Our second panel will consider popular nationalism as one of these elements. It has become a key driver of Chinese foreign policy as personality politics in Beijing has given way to a collective leadership seeking Party legitimacy. We'll conclude with a panel on how resources and economic drivers shape China's maritime disputes. Security of China's near seas is critical to the unimpeded flow of trade and imported energy resources. Though the natural resources in the East and South China Sea undoubtedly shape the security landscape, there appears to be a debate on the centrality of oil and gas resources to the dispute.

Download or read book China s Evolving Industrial Policies and Economic Restructuring written by Zheng Yongnian and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past three decades, China has successfully transformed itself from an extremely poor economy to the world’s second largest economy. The country’s phenomenal economic growth has been sustained primarily by its rapid and continuous industrialisation. Currently industry accounts for nearly two-fifth of China’s gross domestic product, and since 2009 China has been the world’s largest exporter of manufactured products. This book explores the question of how far this industrial growth has been the product of government policies. It discusses how government policies and their priorities have developed and evolved, examines how industrial policies are linked to policies in other areas, such as trade, technology and regional development, and assesses how new policy initiatives are encouraging China’s increasing success in new technology-intensive industries. It also demonstrates how China’s industrial policies are linked to development of industrial clusters and regions.

Download or read book Cities and Stability written by Jeremy L. Wallace and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's management of urbanization is an under-appreciated factor in the regime's longevity. The Chinese Communist Party fears "Latin Americanization" -- the emergence of highly unequal megacities with their attendant slums and social unrest. Such cities threaten the survival of nondemocratic regimes. To combat the threat, many regimes, including China's, favor cities in policymaking. Cities and Stability shows this "urban bias" to be a Faustian Bargain: cities may be stabilized for a time, but the massive in-migration from the countryside that results can generate the conditions for political upheaval. Through its hukou system of internal migration restrictions, China has avoided this dilemma, simultaneously aiding urbanites and keeping farmers in the countryside. The system helped prevent social upheaval even during the Great Recession, when tens of millions of laid-off migrant workers dispersed from coastal cities. Jeremy Wallace's powerful account forces us to rethink the relationship between cities and political stability throughout the developing world.

Download or read book Business Guide to China s Coastal Cities written by Yiyong Zheng and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Taxation in Communist China 1950 59 written by George Norman Ecklund and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Taxation in Communist China 1950 59 written by George N. Ecklund and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The European Union and East Asia written by Christopher M. Dent and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text analyses the economic relationship that has evolved between the European Union and East Asia, and its future prospects, especially in the wake of the financial crisis that shook East Asia.

Download or read book China s Western Frontier and Eurasia written by Zenel Garcia and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China has emerged as a dominant power in Eurasian affairs that not only exercises significant political and economic power, but increasingly, ideational power too. Since the founding of the People’s Republic, Chinese Communist Party leaders have sought to increase state capacity and exercise more effective control over their western frontier through a series of state-building initiatives. Although these initiatives have always incorporated an international component, the collapse of the USSR, increasing globalization, and the party’s professed concerns about terrorism, separatism, and extremism have led to a region-building project in Eurasia. Garcia traces how domestic elite-led narratives about security and development generate state-building initiatives, and then region-building projects. He also assesses how region-building projects are promoted through narratives of the historicity of China’s engagement in Eurasia, the promotion of norms of non-interference, and appeals to mutual development. Finally, he traces the construction of regions through formal and informal institutions as well as integrative infrastructure. By presenting three phases of Chinese domestic state-building and region-building from 1988-present, Garcia shows how region-building projects have enabled China to increase state capacity, control, and development in its western frontier. Recommended for scholars of China’s international relations and development policy.

Download or read book Shifting Superpowers written by Martin Sieff and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 2009-01-11 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To truly grasp the massive, world-realigning impact of globalization and changing balances of power—in every positive, negative, and eye-opening respect—look no further than China and India, as revealed in this insightful and authoritative new book, Shifting Superpowers. From national security, trade, human rights, relations with Russia, financial investment, and energy resources, to North Korea, military build-ups, Taiwan, and global warming, Martin Sieff digs deeply into this new world. The picture he provides of this shifting and emerging landscape is as compelling as it is intimidating. It is a world in which China and India are rapidly and successfully pursuing their own interests as superpowers; a world in which the presumption that America is the dominant superpower is foolhardy and dangerous, diminishing rather than protecting prospects for the future; and a world in which China is not automatically America’s enemy while India is not consistently America’s ally. Shifting Superpowers also examines the consequences of U.S. misconceptions about China and India. It provides finely honed analyses of their deeply evolving relationship, their historical and current dealings and conflicts, and their increasingly convergent goals for the future—ones that could leave the United States fading into the background. Shrewd and innovative, Shifting Superpowers charts a solidly realistic trajectory for achieving, as Sieff states, "a prosperous, confident, free-trading 21st-century America, buttressed by wise and lasting strategic relationships."

Download or read book China s Ascent written by Robert S. Ross and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessments of China's importance on the world stage usually focus on a single dimension of China's increasing power, rather than on the multiple sources of China's rise, including its economic might and the continuing modernization of its military. This book offers multiple analytical perspectives—constructivist, liberal, neorealist—on the significance of the many dimensions of China's regional and global influence. Distinguished authors consider the likelihood of conflict and peaceful accommodation as China grows ever stronger. They look at the changing position of China "from the inside": How do Chinese policymakers evaluate the contemporary international order and what are the regional and global implications of that worldview? The authors also address the implications of China's increasing power for Chinese policymaking and for the foreign policies of Korea, Japan, and the United States. Contributors: Robert Art, Brandeis University; Avery Goldstein, University of Pennsylvania; G. John Ikenberry, Princeton University; Byung-Kook Kim, Korea University; Jonathan Kirshner, Cornell University; Jeffrey W. Legro, University of Virginia; Jack S. Levy, Rutgers University; Qin Yaqing, China Foreign Affairs University; Robert S. Ross, Boston College; Akio Takahara, University of Tokyo; Tang Shiping, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Wei Ling, China Foreign Affairs University; Zhu Feng, Peking University

Download or read book The Soviet Union and Communist China 1945 1950 The Arduous Road to the Alliance written by Dieter Heinzig and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-06-18 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on a wealth of new sources, this work documents the evolving relationship between Moscow and Peking in the twentieth century. Using newly available Russian and Chinese archival documents, memoirs written in the 1980s and 1990s, and interviews with high-ranking Soviet and Chinese eyewitnesses, the book provides the basis for a new interpretation of this relationship and a glimpse of previously unknown events that shaped the Sino-Soviet alliance. An appendix contains translated Chinese and Soviet documents - many of which are being published for the first time. The book focuses mainly on Communist China's relationship with Moscow after the conclusion of the treaty between the Soviet Union and Kuomingtang China in 1945, up until the signing of the treaty between Moscow and the Chinese Communist Party in 1950. It also looks at China's relationship with Moscow from 1920 to 1945, as well as developments from 1950 to the present. The author reevaluates existing sources and literature on the topic, and demonstrates that the alliance was reached despite disagreements and distrust on both sides and was not an inevitable conclusion. He also shows that the relationship between the two Communist parties was based on national interest politics, and not on similar ideological convictions.

Download or read book The United States and Communist China in 1949 and 1950 the Question of Rapprochement and Recognition written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: