Download or read book Combined Effects of Short term Rainfall Patterns and Soil Texture on Nitrogen Cycling A Modeling Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precipitation variability and magnitude are expected to change in many parts of the world over the 21st century. We examined the potential effects of intra-annual rainfall patterns on soil nitrogen (N) transport and transformation in the unsaturated soil zone using a deterministic dynamic modeling approach. The model (TOUGHREACT-N), which has been tested and applied in several experimental and observational systems, mechanistically accounts for microbial activity, soil-moisture dynamics that respond to precipitation variability, and gaseous and aqueous tracer transport in the soil. Here, we further tested and calibrated the model against data from a precipitation variability experiment in a tropical system in Costa Rica. The model was then used to simulate responses of soil moisture, microbial dynamics, nitrogen (N) aqueous and gaseous species, N leaching, and N trace-gas emissions to changes in rainfall patterns; the effect of soil texture was also examined. The temporal variability of nitrate leaching and NO, N2, and N2O effluxes were significantly influenced by rainfall dynamics. Soil texture combined with rainfall dynamics altered soil moisture dynamics, and consequently regulated soil N responses to precipitation changes. The clay loam soil more effectively buffered water stress during relatively long intervals between precipitation events, particularly after a large rainfall event. Subsequent soil N aqueous and gaseous losses showed either increases or decreases in response to increasing precipitation variability due to complex soil moisture dynamics. For a high rainfall scenario, high precipitation variability resulted in as high as 2.4-, 2.4-, 1.2-, and 13-fold increases in NH3, NO, N2O and NO3− fluxes, respectively, in clay loam soil. In sandy loam soil, however, NO and N2O fluxes decreased by 15% and 28%, respectively, in response to high precipitation variability. Our results demonstrate that soil N cycling responses to increasing precipitation variability depends on precipitation amount and soil texture, and that accurate prediction of future N cycling and gas effluxes requires models with relatively sophisticated representation of the relevant processes.

Download or read book Impacts of Changing Precipitation on Nitrogen Cycling in Different Landscape Positions and Cropping Systems written by Kathryn Glanville and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil nitrogen (N) influences crop yields and can interact with climate change. Soil N has many transformations and transfers that are hard to quantify and control. These N transformations and transfers are mediated by many factors, including temperature, water, and carbon. Thus, impending climate change may strongly affect N cycling across cropping systems. To minimize N losses and increase crop production, we must maximize N use efficiency (NUE). Past research shows precipitation and soil moisture act as the primary physical drivers of terrestrial N cycling and losses. To improve NUE with changing precipitation patterns, controls on N cycling in terrestrial systems must be identified. Thus, experiments to elucidate the linkage between hydrological and biogeochemical controls are valuable (Chapter 1). Many aspects of the N cycle are influenced by a changing climate - two are especially important: nitrous oxide fluxes (N2O) and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). N2O is a powerful greenhouse gas with over 250 times the radiative forcing of CO2. In Chapter 2, I test the hypothesis that changing rainfall patterns strongly alter N2O fluxes in agricultural soils as modulated by cropping system. I use rainfall manipulation shelters to expose soils to the same amount of rainfall delivered at different intervals (3-days, 14-days, and 28-days). Results from the 2016 and 2017 field seasons show cumulative N2O fluxes were 1.4 to 2 times higher when rainfall occurred in 28-day rather than shorter intervals in corn systems. Fluxes were related to changes in denitrifier enzyme activity for both years. In switchgrass systems N2O emissions were not significantly affected by rainfall intervals.In Chapter 3, I test the hypothesis that changing rainfall patterns that alter N2O fluxes will be modulated by landscape position as landscape position affects soil texture and carbon. Over two field seasons cumulative N2O fluxes were higher in toeslope positions than in summit positions, and longer rainfall intervals had higher fluxes in summits only, consistent with higher soil carbon and finer soil texture in toeslope positions. Knowledge of these landscape patterns deserve inclusion in models of current and future climate change effects in order to better quantify and mitigate agricultural N2O fluxes.In Chapter 4, I test the hypothesis that BNF is particularly vulnerable to changing rainfall patterns in till vs. no-till and in summit vs. toeslope positions due to differences in texture and organic matter. Results reinforce the importance of topographic position for predicting soybean BNF and show that summit positions are more sensitive to additional rainfall. Results also show changes in rainfall intensity affect BNF in tilled differently than in no-till soils. Models that incorporate these interactions will be better able to characterize legume crop performance and N fixation across landscapes and improve global estimates for BNF. Understanding these interactions in the agricultural US Midwest may help us improve sustainability of N use in cropping systems with a changing climate.

Download or read book Ecosystem Ecology and Geochemistry of Cuatro Cienegas written by Felipe García-Oliva and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-12 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) are three of the most important elements used to build living beings, and their uptake from the environment is consequently essential for all organisms. Photosynthesis is the process in which plants absorb atmospheric C as they grow and convert it to biomass. However, plants acquire N and P only when these are available in the soil solution, which makes these elements the most limiting nutrients in plant growth and productivity in most ecosystems. When plant residues and roots decompose, the C, N and P they contain is transformed primarily into soil organic matter (SOM) or C and N can release to the atmosphere. Recent interest on the global C, N and P cycles has focused attention on the different proportion of terrestrial C, N and P stored in different ecosystem pools. Cuatro Cienegas represents an exceptional place, since the plants are not the base of the food web, they are the microbial community, that recycle the elements essential for life. In this book we describe how this is an analog of early Earth.

Download or read book Bridging Among Disciplines by Synthesizing Soil and Plant Processes written by Ole Wendroth and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 8th book of Dr. Ahuja’s innovative “Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling” series, authors give a look into the future of climatesmart agricultural systems, emphasizing the integration of soil, weather, vegetation and management information to predict relevant agro-ecosystem processes. Expansion of data availability, improvement of sensors, and computational power have opened opportunities in modeling and exploration of management impact. Authors give a background on model development and explain soil, plant, and climate processes and their interactions that encompass the wide range of applications of simulation models to address challenges in managing our resources and complex agricultural systems.

Download or read book Climate Change Impacts in India written by Chaitanya B. Pande and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-25 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the impact of climate change on India, addressing environmental problems and conducting an analysis of the climate change impact on mitigation processes. It examines crucial factors such as soil capability, soil erosion, soil salinity, and watershed planning, as well as the influence of climate change on water resources, including groundwater. The book explores the interconnections between climate change, soil erosion, natural resources, and agricultural practices, emphasizing their direct or indirect effects on water, vegetation, irrigation planning, and the environment. Furthermore, it delves into various aspects of soil erosion, soil compaction, soil nutrients, aquifers, and the impact of climate change on vegetation, crops, pests, moisture, and sustainable yield. These factors contribute to the development of climate change-related factors within the agricultural sector, ultimately fostering sustainable development and management practices for the future. The book also highlights the significance of parameters such as land use change analysis, rainfall, water resources, crop yield, sustainable agricultural development, pest management, and disease control in accurately assessing the impact of climate change. The insights gained from these analyses can inform future development and planning strategies. Therefore, this book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, NGOs, and academics interested in understanding the impact of climate change on natural resources and ecological systems.

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Land Carbon Cycle Modeling written by Yiqi Luo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-08-18 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon moves through the atmosphere, through the oceans, onto land, and into ecosystems. This cycling has a large effect on climate – changing geographic patterns of rainfall and the frequency of extreme weather – and is altered as the use of fossil fuels adds carbon to the cycle. The dynamics of this global carbon cycling are largely predicted over broad spatial scales and long periods of time by Earth system models. This book addresses the crucial question of how to assess, evaluate, and estimate the potential impact of the additional carbon to the land carbon cycle. The contributors describe a set of new approaches to land carbon cycle modeling for better exploring ecological questions regarding changes in carbon cycling; employing data assimilation techniques for model improvement; and doing real- or near-time ecological forecasting for decision support. This book strives to balance theoretical considerations, technical details, and applications of ecosystem modeling for research, assessment, and crucial decision making. Key Features Helps readers understand, implement, and criticize land carbon cycle models Offers a new theoretical framework to understand transient dynamics of land carbon cycle Describes a suite of modeling skills – matrix approach to represent land carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles; data assimilation and machine learning to improve parameterization; and workflow systems to facilitate ecological forecasting Introduces a new set of techniques, such as semi-analytic spin-up (SASU), unified diagnostic system with a 1-3-5 scheme, traceability analysis, and benchmark analysis, for model evaluation and improvement Related Titles Isabel Ferrera, ed. Climate Change and the Oceanic Carbon Cycle: Variables and Consequences (ISBN 978-1-774-63669-5) Lal, R. et al., eds. Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle (ISBN 978-0-8493-7441-8) Windham-Myers, L., et al., eds. A Blue Carbon Primer: The State of Coastal Wetland Carbon Science, Practice and Policy (ISBN 978-0-367-89352-1)

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fate and Transport of Nitrogen written by Marvin James Shaffer and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nitrogen Cycling in Ecosystems of Latin America and the Caribbean written by G. Philip Robertson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The large and rapidly expanding body ofliterature related to nitrogen cycling in both managed and native terrestrial ecosystems reflects the importance accorded to the behaviour of this vital and often limiting nutrient. Research at the organism, ecosystem and landscape levels commonly addresses questions concerning nitrogen acquisition, internal cycling and retention. Goals for this research include increased agricultural productivity and a better understanding of human impact on local, regional and global nitrogen cycles. Nitrogen cycle research in tropical regions has a long and distinguished history. Research on different aspects of nitrogen cycling in ecosystems of the tropics has been carried out in many regions. In relatively few instances has there, however, been a focus on the biogeochemical cycles at the ecosystem level. The meeting resulting in this volume was an attempt to bring together existing information on nitrogen cycling in ecosystems of Latin America and the Caribbean and discuss this in an ecosystem context.

Download or read book Ecology Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coverage: 1982- current; updated: monthly. This database covers current ecology research across a wide range of disciplines, reflecting recent advances in light of growing evidence regarding global environmental change and destruction. Major ares of subject coverage include: Algae/lichens, Animals, Annelids, Aquatic ecosystems, Arachnids, Arid zones, Birds, Brackish water, Bryophytes/pteridophytes, Coastal ecosystems, Conifers, Conservation, Control, Crustaceans, Ecosyst em studies, Fungi, Grasses, Grasslands, High altitude environments, Human ecology, Insects, Legumes, Mammals, Management, Microorganisms, Molluscs, Nematodes, Paleo-ecology, Plants, Pollution studies, Reptiles, River basins, Soil, TAiga/tundra, Terrestrial ecosystems, Vertebrates, Wetlands, Woodlands.

Download or read book Modeling Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics for Soil Management written by M.J. Shaffer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-05-07 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good management practices for carbon and nitrogen are vital to crop productivity and soil sustainability, as well as to the reduction of global greenhouse gases and environmental pollution. Since the 1950's, mathematical models have advanced our understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling at both the micro- and macro-scales. However, many of the models are scattered in the literature, undergo constant modification, and similar models can have different names. Modeling Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics for Soil Management clarifies the confusion by presenting a systematic summary of the various models available. It provides information about strengths and weaknesses, level of complexity, easiness of use, and application range of each model. In nineteen chapters, internationally known model developers and users update you on the current status and future direction of carbon and nitrogen modeling. The book's coverage ranges from theoretical comparison of models to application of models to soil management problems, from laboratory applications to field and watershed scale applications, from short-term simulation to long-term prediction, and from DOS-based computer programs to Object-Oriented and Graphical Interface designs. With this broad scope, Modeling Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics for Soil Management provides the tools to manage complex carbon/nitrogen processes effectively.

Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1 957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con cerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an interna tional publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 29 (thesis year 1984) a total of 12,637 theses titles from 23 Canadian and 202 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 29 reports theses submitted in 1984, on occasion, certain univer sities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.

Download or read book Physiological Ecology of North American Desert Plants written by Stanley D. Smith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following a description of the physical and biological characterization of the four North American deserts together with the primary adaptations of plants to environmental stress, the authors go on to present case studies of key species. They provide an up-to-date and comprehensive review of the major patterns of adaptation in desert plants, with one chapter devoted to several important exotic plants that have invaded these deserts. The whole is rounded off with a synthesis of the resource requirements of desert plants and how they may respond to global climate change.

Download or read book Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil written by Rahul Datta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several textbooks and edited volumes are currently available on general soil fertility but‚ to date‚ none have been dedicated to the study of “Sustainable Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil.” Yet this aspect is extremely important, considering the fact that the soil, as the ‘epidermis of the Earth’ (geodermis)‚ is a major component of the terrestrial biosphere. This book addresses virtually every aspect of C and N cycling, including: general concepts on the diversity of microorganisms and management practices for soil, the function of soil’s structure-function-ecosystem, the evolving role of C and N, cutting-edge methods used in soil microbial ecological studies, rhizosphere microflora, the role of organic matter (OM) in agricultural productivity, C and N transformation in soil, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and its genetics, plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), PGPRs and their role in sustainable agriculture, organic agriculture, etc. The book’s main objectives are: (1) to explain in detail the role of C and N cycling in sustaining agricultural productivity and its importance to sustainable soil management; (2) to show readers how to restore soil health with C and N; and (3) to help them understand the matching of C and N cycling rules from a climatic perspective. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for educators, researchers, and policymakers, as well as undergraduate and graduate students of soil science, soil microbiology, agronomy, ecology, and the environmental sciences. Gathering cutting-edge contributions from internationally respected researchers, it offers authoritative content on a broad range of topics, which is supplemented by a wealth of data, tables, figures, and photographs. Moreover, it provides a roadmap for sustainable approaches to food and nutritional security, and to soil sustainability in agricultural systems, based on C and N cycling in soil systems.

Download or read book Soil Acidity and Plant Growth written by A Robson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Acidity and Plant Growth emerged from concerns over increasing acidification of soils under improved pastures over wide areas of southern Australia. While the book has its origin in the problems of acidification of Australian soils under pastures, the authors examine soil acidity within a much broader framework, making their views relevant to all agricultural and natural ecosystems on acid soils. The book's first two chapters discuss the chemistry of soil acidity and the ecological processes leading to it. This is followed by separate chapters on biological responses to soil acidity, covering mineralization of soil nitrogen, incidence of plant diseases, plant mycorrhizal associations, symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes, and genetic variability in plant response to toxicities. The remaining chapters focus on the correction of soil acidity problems by liming. These include studies on the rates of application and effectiveness of liming materials; and the development and use of computer modelling procedures to help researchers identify the effects and interactions of soil pH on component processes and to provide assistance to farmers in the management of long-term subterranean clover pastures.

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1987-10 with total page 1238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: