Download or read book Combinatorics of Train Tracks written by R. C. Penner and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measured geodesic laminations are a natural generalization of simple closed curves in surfaces, and they play a decisive role in various developments in two-and three-dimensional topology, geometry, and dynamical systems. This book presents a self-contained and comprehensive treatment of the rich combinatorial structure of the space of measured geodesic laminations in a fixed surface. Families of measured geodesic laminations are described by specifying a train track in the surface, and the space of measured geodesic laminations is analyzed by studying properties of train tracks in the surface. The material is developed from first principles, the techniques employed are essentially combinatorial, and only a minimal background is required on the part of the reader. Specifically, familiarity with elementary differential topology and hyperbolic geometry is assumed. The first chapter treats the basic theory of train tracks as discovered by W. P. Thurston, including recurrence, transverse recurrence, and the explicit construction of a measured geodesic lamination from a measured train track. The subsequent chapters develop certain material from R. C. Penner's thesis, including a natural equivalence relation on measured train tracks and standard models for the equivalence classes (which are used to analyze the topology and geometry of the space of measured geodesic laminations), a duality between transverse and tangential structures on a train track, and the explicit computation of the action of the mapping class group on the space of measured geodesic laminations in the surface.
Download or read book Combinatorics of Train Tracks AM 125 Volume 125 written by R. C. Penner and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-02 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measured geodesic laminations are a natural generalization of simple closed curves in surfaces, and they play a decisive role in various developments in two-and three-dimensional topology, geometry, and dynamical systems. This book presents a self-contained and comprehensive treatment of the rich combinatorial structure of the space of measured geodesic laminations in a fixed surface. Families of measured geodesic laminations are described by specifying a train track in the surface, and the space of measured geodesic laminations is analyzed by studying properties of train tracks in the surface. The material is developed from first principles, the techniques employed are essentially combinatorial, and only a minimal background is required on the part of the reader. Specifically, familiarity with elementary differential topology and hyperbolic geometry is assumed. The first chapter treats the basic theory of train tracks as discovered by W. P. Thurston, including recurrence, transverse recurrence, and the explicit construction of a measured geodesic lamination from a measured train track. The subsequent chapters develop certain material from R. C. Penner's thesis, including a natural equivalence relation on measured train tracks and standard models for the equivalence classes (which are used to analyze the topology and geometry of the space of measured geodesic laminations), a duality between transverse and tangential structures on a train track, and the explicit computation of the action of the mapping class group on the space of measured geodesic laminations in the surface.
Download or read book Railway Track Allocation written by Thomas Schlechte and published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG. This book was released on 2012-03 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is about mathematical optimization for the efficient use of railway infrastructure. We address the optimal allocation of the available railway track capacity - the track allocation problem. This track allocation problem is a major challenge for a railway company, independent of whether a free market, a private monopoly, or a public monopoly is given. Planning and operating railway transportation systems is extremely hard due to the combinatorial complexity of the underlying discrete optimization problems, the technical intricacies, and the immense sizes of the problem instances. Mathematical models and optimization techniques can result in huge gains for both railway customers and operators, e.g., in terms of cost reductions or service quality improvements. We tackle this challenge by developing novel mathematical models and associated innovative algorithmic solution methods for large scale instances. This allows us to produce for the first time reliable solutions for a real world instance, i.e., the Simplon corridor in Switzerland.
Download or read book The Real Fatou Conjecture written by Jacek Graczyk and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1998-10-25 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1920, Perre Fatou expressed the conjecture that--except for special cases--all critical points of a rational map of the Riemann sphere tend to periodic orbits under iteration. This book provides a rigorous proof of the Real Fatou Conjecture--that in spite of the apparently elementary nature of a problem, its solution requires advanced tools of complex analysis.
Download or read book Geometry Topology And Dynamics Of Character Varieties written by William Goldman and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012-06-18 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is based on lectures given at the highly successful three-week Summer School on Geometry, Topology and Dynamics of Character Varieties held at the National University of Singapore's Institute for Mathematical Sciences in July 2010.Aimed at graduate students in the early stages of research, the edited and refereed articles comprise an excellent introduction to the subject of the program, much of which is otherwise available only in specialized texts. Topics include hyperbolic structures on surfaces and their degenerations, applications of ping-pong lemmas in various contexts, introductions to Lorenzian and complex hyperbolic geometry, and representation varieties of surface groups into PSL(2, ℝ) and other semi-simple Lie groups. This volume will serve as a useful portal to students and researchers in a vibrant and multi-faceted area of mathematics.
Download or read book In the Tradition of Thurston written by Ken’ichi Ohshika and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of 16 surveys on Thurston's work and its later development. The authors are mathematicians who were strongly influenced by Thurston's publications and ideas. The subjects discussed include, among others, knot theory, the topology of 3-manifolds, circle packings, complex projective structures, hyperbolic geometry, Kleinian groups, foliations, mapping class groups, Teichmüller theory, anti-de Sitter geometry, and co-Minkowski geometry. The book is addressed to researchers and students who want to learn about Thurston’s wide-ranging mathematical ideas and their impact. At the same time, it is a tribute to Thurston, one of the greatest geometers of all time, whose work extended over many fields in mathematics and who had a unique way of perceiving forms and patterns, and of communicating and writing mathematics.
Download or read book Surveys on Surgery Theory written by Sylvain E. Cappell and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2000-01-10 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surgery theory, the basis for the classification theory of manifolds, is now about forty years old. There have been some extraordinary accomplishments in that time, which have led to enormously varied interactions with algebra, analysis, and geometry. Workers in many of these areas have often lamented the lack of a single source that surveys surgery theory and its applications. Indeed, no one person could write such a survey. The sixtieth birthday of C. T. C. Wall, one of the leaders of the founding generation of surgery theory, provided an opportunity to rectify the situation and produce a comprehensive book on the subject. Experts have written state-of-the-art reports that will be of broad interest to all those interested in topology, not only graduate students and mathematicians, but mathematical physicists as well. Contributors include J. Milnor, S. Novikov, W. Browder, T. Lance, E. Brown, M. Kreck, J. Klein, M. Davis, J. Davis, I. Hambleton, L. Taylor, C. Stark, E. Pedersen, W. Mio, J. Levine, K. Orr, J. Roe, J. Milgram, and C. Thomas.
Download or read book In the Tradition of Ahlfors Bers VII written by Ara S. Basmajian and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2017-08-17 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ahlfors–Bers Colloquia commemorate the mathematical legacy of Lars Ahlfors and Lipman Bers. The core of this legacy lies in the fields of geometric function theory, Teichmüller theory, hyperbolic geometry, and partial differential equations. Today we see the influence of Ahlfors and Bers on algebraic geometry, mathematical physics, dynamics, probability, geometric group theory, number theory and topology. Recent years have seen a flowering of this legacy with an increased interest in their work. This current volume contains articles on a wide variety of subjects that are central to this legacy. These include papers in Kleinian groups, classical Riemann surface theory, Teichmüller theory, mapping class groups, geometric group theory, and statistical mechanics.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Hyperbolic Manifolds written by R. D. Canary and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-13 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents reissued articles from two classic sources on hyperbolic manifolds. Part I is an exposition of Chapters 8 and 9 of Thurston's pioneering Princeton Notes; there is a new introduction describing recent advances, with an up-to-date bibliography, giving a contemporary context in which the work can be set. Part II expounds the theory of convex hull boundaries and their bending laminations. A new appendix describes recent work. Part III is Thurston's famous paper that presents the notion of earthquakes in hyperbolic geometry and proves the earthquake theorem. The final part introduces the theory of measures on the limit set, drawing attention to related ergodic theory and the exponent of convergence. The book will be welcomed by graduate students and professional mathematicians who want a rigorous introduction to some basic tools essential for the modern theory of hyperbolic manifolds.
Download or read book The Hyperbolization Theorem for Fibered 3 Manifolds written by Jean-Pierre Otal and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For graduate students familiar with low-dimensional topology and researchers in geometry and topology, Otal (CNRS-UMR 128, Lyon) offers a complete proof of Thurston's hyperbolization theorem for 3-manifolds that fiber as surface bundles. The original Le Theoreme d'Hyperbolisation pour les Varietes de Dimension 3, published by the French Mathematical Society in 1996, has been translated by Leslie D. Kay. c. Book News Inc.
Download or read book Families of Riemann Surfaces and Weil Petersson Geometry written by Scott A. Wolpert and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2010 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a generally self-contained course for graduate students and postgraduates on deformations of hyperbolic surfaces and the geometry of the Weil-Petersson metric. It also offers an update for researchers; material not otherwise found in a single reference is included; and aunified approach is provided for an array of results.
Download or read book Kleinian Groups which Are Limits of Geometrically Finite Groups written by Ken'ichi Ōshika and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ahlfors conjectured in 1964 that the limit set of every finitely generated Kleinian group either has Lebesgue measure $0$ or is the entire $S^2$. This title intends to prove that this conjecture is true for purely loxodromic Kleinian groups which are algebraic limits of geometrically finite groups.
Download or read book Doing Mathematics Convention Subject Calculation Analogy 2nd Edition written by Martin H Krieger and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-01-15 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doing Mathematics discusses some ways mathematicians and mathematical physicists do their work and the subject matters they uncover and fashion. The conventions they adopt, the subject areas they delimit, what they can prove and calculate about the physical world, and the analogies they discover and employ, all depend on the mathematics — what will work out and what won't. The cases studied include the central limit theorem of statistics, the sound of the shape of a drum, the connections between algebra and topology, and the series of rigorous proofs of the stability of matter. The many and varied solutions to the two-dimensional Ising model of ferromagnetism make sense as a whole when they are seen in an analogy developed by Richard Dedekind in the 1880s to algebraicize Riemann's function theory; by Robert Langlands' program in number theory and representation theory; and, by the analogy between one-dimensional quantum mechanics and two-dimensional classical statistical mechanics. In effect, we begin to see 'an identity in a manifold presentation of profiles,' as the phenomenologists would say.This second edition deepens the particular examples; it describe the practical role of mathematical rigor; it suggests what might be a mathematician's philosophy of mathematics; and, it shows how an 'ugly' first proof or derivation embodies essential features, only to be appreciated after many subsequent proofs. Natural scientists and mathematicians trade physical models and abstract objects, remaking them to suit their needs, discovering new roles for them as in the recent case of the Painlevé transcendents, the Tracy-Widom distribution, and Toeplitz determinants. And mathematics has provided the models and analogies, the ordinary language, for describing the everyday world, the structure of cities, or God's infinitude.
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Symposium Workshop on Geometric Study of Foliations written by Tadayoshi Mizutani and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Extension of Casson s Invariant written by Kevin Walker and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1992-03-23 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes an invariant, l, of oriented rational homology 3-spheres which is a generalization of work of Andrew Casson in the integer homology sphere case. Let R(X) denote the space of conjugacy classes of representations of p(X) into SU(2). Let (W,W,F) be a Heegaard splitting of a rational homology sphere M. Then l(M) is declared to be an appropriately defined intersection number of R(W) and R(W) inside R(F). The definition of this intersection number is a delicate task, as the spaces involved have singularities. A formula describing how l transforms under Dehn surgery is proved. The formula involves Alexander polynomials and Dedekind sums, and can be used to give a rather elementary proof of the existence of l. It is also shown that when M is a Z-homology sphere, l(M) determines the Rochlin invariant of M.
Download or read book Low dimensional Topology and Kleinian Groups written by D. B. A. Epstein and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1986 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 2 is divided into three parts: the first 'Surfaces' contains an article by Thurston on earthquakes and by Penner on traintracks. The second part is entitled 'Knots and 3-Manifolds' and the final part 'Kleinian Groups'.
