Download or read book Combinatorial Peptide Library Protocols written by Shmuel Cabilly and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the course of evolution, an imbalance was created between the rate of vertebrate genetic adaptation and that of the lower forms of living organisms, such as bacteria and viruses. This imbalance has given the latter the advantage of generating, relatively quickly, molecules with unexpected structures and features that carry a threat to vertebrates. To compensate for their weakness, vertebrates have accelerated their own evolutionary processes, not at the level of whole organism, but in specialized cells containing the genes that code for antibody molecules or for T-cell receptors. That is, when an immediate requirement for molecules capable of specific interactions arose, nature has preferred to speed up the mode of Darwinian evolution in pref- ence to any other approach (such as the use of X-ray diffraction studies and computergraphic analysis). Recently, Darwinian rules have been adapted for test tube research, and the concept of selecting molecules having particular characteristics from r- dom pools has been realized in the form of various chemical and biological combinatorial libraries. While working with these libraries, we noticed the interesting fact that when combinatorial libraries of oligopeptides were allowed to interact with different selector proteins, only the actual binding sites of these proteins showed binding properties, whereas the rest of the p- tein surface seemed "inert. " This seemingly common feature of protein- having no extra potential binding sites--was probably selected during evolution in order to minimize nonspecific interactions with the surrounding milieu.
Download or read book Combinatorial Library written by Lisa B. English and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continued successes of large- and small-scale genome sequencing projects are increasing the number of genomic targets available for drug d- covery at an exponential rate. In addition, a better understanding of molecular mechanisms—such as apoptosis, signal transduction, telomere control of ch- mosomes, cytoskeletal development, modulation of stress-related proteins, and cell surface display of antigens by the major histocompatibility complex m- ecules—has improved the probability of identifying the most promising genomic targets to counteract disease. As a result, developing and optimizing lead candidates for these targets and rapidly moving them into clinical trials is now a critical juncture in pharmaceutical research. Recent advances in com- natorial library synthesis, purification, and analysis techniques are not only increasing the numbers of compounds that can be tested against each specific genomic target, but are also speeding and improving the overall processes of lead discovery and optimization. There are two main approaches to combinatorial library production: p- allel chemical synthesis and split-and-mix chemical synthesis. These approaches can utilize solid- or solution-based synthetic methods, alone or in combination, although the majority of combinatorial library synthesis is still done on solid support. In a parallel synthesis, all the products are assembled separately in their own reaction vessels or microtiter plates. The array of rows and columns enables researchers to organize the building blocks to be c- bined, and provides an easy way to identify compounds in a particular well.
Download or read book Combinatorial Chemistry in Biology written by Michael Famulok and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essence of combinatorial chemistry or techniques involving "molecular diversity" is to generate enormous populations of molecules and to exploit appropriate screening techniques to isolate active components contained in these libraries. This idea has been the focus of research both in academia and in the pharmaceutical or biotechnology industry. Its developments go hand in hand with an exploding number of potential drug targets emerging from genomics and proteomics research. When the editors of Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology encouraged us to assemble the present volume on Combinatorial Chemistry in Biology, we immediately felt that this might prove quite beneficial for the audience of this series. The field of combinatorial chemistry extends over a broad range of disciplines, from synthetic organic chemistry to biochemistry, from material sciences to cell biology. Each of these fields may have its own view on this topic, something which is reflected in a growing number of monographs and "special editions" of jour nals devoted to this issue or aspects thereof. The title of the present volume of Springer-Verlag's series suggests that it also has its own special focus. And, generally speaking, this is not wrong: we would even claim the special focus of this volume is on the immunologically relevant aspects of combinatorial chemistry.
Download or read book Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins in Organic Chemistry Protection Reactions Medicinal Chemistry Combinatorial Synthesis written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the fourth of five books in the Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins in Organic Synthesis series. Closing a gap in the literature, this is the only series to cover this important topic in organic and biochemistry. Drawing upon the combined expertise of the international "who's who" in amino acid research, these volumes represent a real benchmark for amino acid chemistry, providing a comprehensive discussion of the occurrence, uses and applications of amino acids and, by extension, their polymeric forms, peptides and proteins. The practical value of each volume is heightened by the inclusion of experimental procedures. The 5 volumes cover the following topics: Volume 1: Origins and Synthesis of Amino Acids Volume 2: Modified Amino Acids, Organocatalysis and Enzymes Volume 3: Building Blocks, Catalysis and Coupling Chemistry Volume 4: Protection Reactions, Medicinal Chemistry, Combinatorial Synthesis Volume 5: Analysis and Function of Amino Acids and Peptides The fourth volume in this series is structured in three main sections. The first section is about protection reactions and amino acid based peptidomimetics. The second, and most extensive, part is devoted to the medicinal chemistry of amino acids. It includes, among others, the chemistry of alpha- and beta amino acids, peptide drugs, and advances in N- and O-glycopeptide synthesis. The final part deals with amino acids in combinatorial synthesis. Methods, such as phage display, library peptide synthesis, and computational design are described. Originally planned as a six volume series, Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins in Organic Chemistry now completes with five volumes but remains comprehensive in both scope and coverage. Further information about the 5 Volume Set and purchasing details can be viewed here.
Download or read book The Protein Protocols Handbook written by John M. Walker and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-10-02 with total page 1146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Protein Protocols Handbook, Second Edition aims to provide a cross-section of analytical techniques commonly used for proteins and peptides, thus providing a benchtop manual and guide for those who are new to the protein chemistry laboratory and for those more established workers who wish to use a technique for the first time. All chapters are written in the same format as that used in the Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series. Each chapter opens with a description of the basic theory behind the method being described. The Materials section lists all the chemicals, reagents, buffers, and other materials necessary for carrying out the protocol. Since the principal goal of the book is to provide experimentalists with a full account of the practical steps necessary for carrying out each protocol successfully, the Methods section contains detailed st- by-step descriptions of every protocol that should result in the successful execution of each method. The Notes section complements the Methods material by indicating how best to deal with any problem or difficulty that may arise when using a given technique, and how to go about making the widest variety of modifications or alterations to the protocol. Since the first edition of this book was published in 1996 there have, of course, been significant developments in the field of protein chemistry.
Download or read book E coli Gene Expression Protocols written by Peter E. Vaillancourt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peter E. Vaillancourt presents a collection of popular and emerging methodologies that take advantage of E. coli's ability to quickly and inexpensively express recombinant proteins. The authors focus on two areas of interest: the use of E. coli vectors and strains for production of pure, functional protein, and the use of E. coli as host for the functional screening of large collections of proteins and peptides. Among the cutting-edge techniques demonstrated are those for rapid high-level expression and purification of soluble and functional recombinant protein and those essential to functional genomics, proteomics, and protein engineering.
Download or read book Molecular Diversity and Combinatorial Chemistry written by Michael C. Pirrung and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-10-17 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, this textbook makes the main concepts of combinatorial chemistry accessible to the non-specialist.
Download or read book Combinatorial Chemistry written by Günther Jung and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of success goes on and on - with a new book on combinatorial chemistry, edited by Gunther Jung! Combinatorial chemistry is a proven time- and resource-saving synthetic method of outstanding importance for industrial processes. Compound libraries help to save time and money, especially in the search for new drugs, and therefore play a pivotal role in solving the problem of the worldwide increasing demand for new and more active drugs. Not only substances, which are of interest for pharmaceutical chemistry, but also materials, catalysts, and biomolecules such as DNA or oligosaccharides are readily available with high structural diversities. The broad scope of combinatorial sciences is reflected by this book, edited by Gunther Jung: The synthetic methods discussed range from solid-phase to solution-phase synthesis, from preparations of small molecules such as amines or alcohols to those of complex biomolecules. Feasible methods, efficient techniques, new trends in automation, and state-of-the-art fast instrumental analytical and screening methods are presented with many practical tips and tricks for everybody working in combinatorial chemistry. This is the book written by specialists for specialists and for everyone aspiring to become an insider! It is an indispensible source of information for researchers working in organic synthesis, catalysis, biochemistry, and biotechnology, pharmaceutical and clinical chemistry, material sciences, and analytical chemistry.
Download or read book Peptide Libraries written by Ratmir Derda and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-09-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an overview of modern and emerging methods for production, analysis, and utility of peptide libraries. Chapter focus on methods and techniques for synthesis, genetic expression, hybrid synthesis-expression, examples of modern utility of these libraries, de novo discovery of reactions, hybrid organic-inorganic materials and, emerging tools for the analysis of these libraries by method of genetic selection and next-generation sequencing. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Peptide Libraries: Methods and Protocols seeks to serve both professionals and novices with its well-honed methodologies.
Download or read book Integrated Drug Discovery Technologies written by Houng-Yau Mei and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-03-19 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated Drug Discovery Technologies provides a global overview of emerging drug development technologies by presenting and integrating new techniques from the disciplines of chemistry, biology, and computational sciences. It combines integration of contemporary mechanization with strategies in drug delivery. Topics include: functional genomics,
Download or read book Protein Targeting Protocols written by Roger A. Clegg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is by no means a revelation that proteins are not uniformly distributed throughout the cell. As a result, the idea that protein molecules, because of the specificity with which they can engage in interactions with other proteins, may be aimed—via these interactions—at a restricted target, is a fundamental one in contemporary molecular life sciences. The target may be variously c- ceived as a specific molecule, a group of molecules, a structure, or a more generic type of intracellular environment. Because the concept of protein targeting is intuitive rather than expl- itly defined, it has been variously used by different groups of researchers in cell biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. For those working in the field of intracellular signaling, an influential introduction to the topic was the seminal article by Hubbard & Cohen (TIBS [1993] 18, 172–177), which was based on the work of Cohen’s laboratory on protein phosphatases. Sub- quently, the ideas that they discussed have been further developed and extended by many workers to other key intermediaries in intracellular sign- ing, including protein kinases and a great variety of modulator and adaptor proteins.
Download or read book 2 D Proteome Analysis Protocols written by Andrew J. Link and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the completion of sequencing projects and the advancement of a- lytical tools for protein identification, proteomics—the study of the expressed part of the genome—has become a major region of the burgeoning field of functional genomics. High-resolution 2-D gels can reveal virtually all p- teins present in a cell or tissue at any given time, including posttranslationally modified proteins. Changes in the expression and structure of most cellular proteins caused by differentiation or external stimuli can be displayed and eventually identified using 2-D protein gels. 2-D Proteome Analysis Protocols covers all aspects of the use of 2-D protein electrophoresis for the analysis of biological problems. The contri- tors include many of the leaders in the fields of biochemistry and analytical chemistry who were instrumental in the development of high-resolution 2-D gels, immobilized pH gradients, computer analysis, and mass spectromet- based protein identification methodologies. This book is intended as a benchtop manual and guide both for novices to 2-D gels and for those aficionados who wish to try the newer techniques. Any group using protein biochemistry—especially in the fields of molecular biology, biochemistry, microbiology, and cell biology—should find this book eminently useful. 2-D Proteome Analysis Protocols takes the researcher through the c- plete process of working with 2-D protein gels from making the protein - tract to finally identifying the proteins of interest. It includes protocols for generating 2-D protein extracts from most of the standard model organisms, including bacteria, yeast, nematode, Drosophila, plants, mouse, and human.
Download or read book Polyamine Protocols written by David M. L. Morgan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique collection of hands-on enzyme assay techniques to study polyamines and their function. The techniques range from assay methods for enzymes of polyamine biosynthesis and catabolism to measurements of polyamines, polyamine transport, and polyamine effects on cell growth. The methods are presented by leading researchers who have perfected them to a high art, and include clear, step-by-step instructions with numerous hints and tips to ensure readily reproducible results.
Download or read book Transmembrane Signaling Protocols written by Dafna Bar-Sagi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of practical, cutting-edge techniques for the study of cell signaling provides detailed, step-by-step instructions, helpful notes, and troubleshooting tips that make even the most powerful of the newest techniques readily reproducible. The protocols presented include the use of peptide libraries to study transmembrane signaling; the use of single-cell assays to analyze signal transduction pathways; the reconstitution of signaling complexes; methods for analyzing protein-protein interactions, and more. Introductory reviews explain the basic theory and enable researchers new to the area to rapidly gain understanding, as well as command of the practical knowledge and expertise afforded by the protocols. Transmembrane Signaling Protocols makes available to all researchers the many state-of-the-art techniques that have recently led to landmark discoveries in transmembrane signaling.
Download or read book Forensic DNA Profiling Protocols written by Patrick J. Lincoln and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-01-22 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This state-of-the-art collection of easily reproducible methods includes all of the major techniques of DNA analysis currently used in forensic identity testing. The methods include the recovery of DNA from a large range of sample types, analysis of DNA as single and multi-locus VNTR probes, PCR amplification of STR and other loci, and mitochondrial sequencing. The expert scientists writing here -- many from laboratories around the world -- also discuss how to interpret the results in cases of unknown identity and disputed parentage.-- Covers all steps from extraction of human DNA through to analysis and interpretation-- Takes advantage of new methodologies such as capillary electrophoresis-- Clear step-by-step instructions ensure unfailing reproducibility.
Download or read book Plant Virology Protocols written by Gary D. Foster and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of Plant Virology Protocols is to provide a source of infor- tion to guide the reader through the wide range of methods involved in gen- ating transgenic plants that are resistant to plant viruses. To this end, we have commissioned a wide-ranging list of chapters that will cover the methods required for: plant virus isolation; RNA extraction; cloning coat p- tein genes; introduction of the coat protein gene into the plant genome; and testing transgenic plants for resistance. The book then moves on to treatments of the mechanisms of resistance, the problems encountered with field testing, and key ethical issues surrounding transgenic technology. Although Plant Virology Protocols deals with the cloning and expression of the coat protein gene, the techniques described can be equally applied to other viral genes and nucleotide sequences, many of which have also been shown to afford protection when introduced into plants. The coat protein has, however, been the most widely applied, and as such has been selected to illustrate the techniques involved. Plant Virology Protocols has been divided into six major sections, c- taining 55 chapters in total.
Download or read book Immunochemical Protocols written by John Pound and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This much anticipated second edition provides a user-friendly, up-to-date handbook of reliable immunochemical techniques optimized for molecular biologists. It covers the breadth of relevant established methods from protein blotting and immunoassays through to visualization of cellular antigens and in situ hybridization, each with their latest refinements. Protocols for the production and purification of important classes of immunochemical reagents are also provided, including "conventional" and recombinant antibodies, fusion proteins and their various conjugates. This book will open the door to a new generation of immunochemical reagents with exciting possibilities.
