Download or read book Combating terrorism need for comprehensive threat and risk assessments of chemical and biological attacks report to congressional requesters written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical and biological experts and intelligence agency officials believe that the ease or difficulty for terrorists to cause mass casualties with an improvised chemical or biological weapon or device depends on the chemical or biological agent selected. Experts from the scientific, intelligence, and law enforcement communities told us that terrorists do not need sophisticated knowledge or dissemination methods to use toxic industrial chemicals such as chlorine. In contrast, terrorists would need a relatively high degree of sophistication to successfully cause mass casualties with some other chemical and most biological agents. Specialized knowledge would be needed to acquire the right biological agent or precursor chemicals,3 process the chemical or biological agent, improvise a weapon or device, and effectively disseminate the agent to cause mass casualties. Throughout the different stages of the process, terrorists would run the risk of hurting themselves and of being detected and would have to overcome technical and operational challenges. Some virulent biological agents and precursor chemicals are difficult to obtain, and others are difficult to process or produce, especially in the quantities needed to cause mass casualties. In addition, effective dissemination of chemical and biological agents can be disrupted by environmental and meteorological factors. Terrorists with less sophistication could make a chemical or biological weapon and disseminate agents, but these would be less likely to cause mass casualties.
Download or read book Combating Terrorism written by U S Government Accountability Office (G and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-06 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent agency that works for Congress. The GAO watches over Congress, and investigates how the federal government spends taxpayers dollars. The Comptroller General of the United States is the leader of the GAO, and is appointed to a 15-year term by the U.S. President. The GAO wants to support Congress, while at the same time doing right by the citizens of the United States. They audit, investigate, perform analyses, issue legal decisions and report anything that the government is doing. This is one of their reports.
Download or read book Combating Terrorism written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book COMBATING TERRORISM ASSESSING THE THREAT OF A BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS ATTACK HEARING COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM HOUSE OF REPRESENTATI written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing the threat first annual report to the President and the Congress of the Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combating Terrorism written by United States. General Accounting Office. National Security and International Affairs Division and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combating terrorism analysis of potential emergency response equipment and sustainment costs report to congressional requesters written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Small Scale Terrorist Attacks Using Chemical and Biological C B Agents written by Dana A. Shea and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-08 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a means of assessing the relative threat from terrorist-use of individual chemical, biological, and toxin agents. It focuses on small-scale, targeted C/B attacks, rather than mass-casualty attacks. The framework considers the elements of access, public health impact, medical treatment, prophylaxis, and dissemination. Other factors that may affect potential use by terrorists include the range of lethality, covert employment of an agent, and the availability of dual-use technol. Contents: Intro.; Background: Definition of C/B Terrorism; Probability of a C/B Weapon Attack; Historical Acquisition and Use of C/B Agents; C/B Assessments; Agent Analysis; Terrorist Motivation-Specific Factors; Policy Issues; Conclusions. Illus. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book Super Terrorism Biological Chemical and Nuclear written by Yonah Alexander and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book contains excerpts from authoritative testimony, speeches and reports of political leaders, members of Congress, and leading experts who lay out a roadmap for understanding the nation's growing concern and response to the threat of super terrorism. It highlights warnings on the domestic and international threat form reports of the Bremer Commission, Gilmore Commission, Hart-Rudman Commission, Baker-Cutler Report and the USS Cole Commission. The text features statements and assessments of Madeleine Albright, Ahmed Al-Fadl, Ken Alibek, Seth Carus, Bill Clinton, Anthony Cordesman, John Deutch, Louis Freeh, Donald Henderson, Joshua Lederberg, Sam Nunn, John Parachini, Janet Reno, George Tenet and others. Published under the Transnational Publishers imprint.
Download or read book Bioterrorism domestic Weapons of Mass Destruction written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Small scale Terrorist Attacks Using Chemical and Biological Agents written by Dana A. Shea and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combating Terrorism Observations on the Threat of Chemical and Biological Terrorism Statement of Henry L Hinton Jr Assistant Comptroller General National Security and International Affairs Division written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the experts we consulted, in most cases terrorists would have to overcome significant technical and operational challenges to successfully make and release chemical or biological agents of sufficient quality and quantity to kill or injure large numbers of people without substantial assistance from a state sponsor. With the exception of toxic industrial chemicals such as chlorine, specialized knowledge is required in the manufacturing process and in improvising an effective delivery device for most chemical and nearly all biological agents that could be used in terrorist attacks. Moreover, some of the required components of chemical agents and highly infective strains of biological agents are difficult to obtain. Finally, terrorists may have to overcome other obstacles for a successful attack, such as unfavorable environmental conditions and personal safety risks. The President's fiscal year 2000 budget proposes $ 10 billion for counterterrorism programs-an increase of more than $3 billion over the requested funding of $6.7 billion for fiscal year 1999. To assess whether the government is spending appropriate levels on counterterrorism and spending these funds on the most appropriate programs, policymakers need the best estimates of the specific threats the U.S. faces. The intelligence community has recently produced estimates of the foreign- origin terrorist threat involving chemical and biological weapons. However, the intelligence community has not produced comparable estimates of the domestic threat. In our report we recommended that the FBI prepare these estimates and use them in a national-level risk assessment that can be used to identify and prioritize the most effective programs to combat terrorism. The FBI agreed.
Download or read book Toxic Terror written by Jonathan B. Tucker and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000-02-28 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In-depth case studies of twelve terrorist groups and individuals who, from 1946 to 1998, allegedly acquired or employed CBW agents. Policymakers, scholars, and the news media have been alarmed by the potential for chemical and biological weapons (CBW) terrorism, and the U.S. Congress has allocated billions of dollars for counterterrorism and "consequence management" programs. Driving these concerns are the global spread of scientific knowledge and technology relevant to CBW terrorism and the vulnerability of civilian populations to chemical and biological attacks. Notably lacking from the analysis, however, has been a careful assessment of the terrorists themselves. What types of terrorist groups or individuals are both capable of acquiring chemical and biological weapons and motivated to use them, and for what purposes? Further, what types of toxic agents would probably be produced, and how would they be delivered? Answers to these questions would enable policymakers to prepare for the most likely contingencies. To this end, Toxic Terror provides in-depth case studies of twelve terrorist groups and individuals who, from 1946 to 1998, allegedly acquired or employed CBW agents. The cases were researched from primary sources, including court documents, interviews, and declassified government files. By comparing the twelve cases, the book identifies characteristic motivations and patterns of behavior associated with CBW terrorism and provides an empirical basis for prudent, cost-effective strategies of prevention and response.
Download or read book Small scale Terrorist Attacks Using Chemical and Biological Agents written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report, which will be updated as necessary, presents a means of assessing the relative threat from terrorist-use of individual chemical, biological, and toxin agents. It focuses on small-scale, targeted chemical and biological attacks, rather than mass-casualty attacks. The framework considers the elements of access, public health impact, medical treatment, prophylaxis, and dissemination. Other factors that may affect potential use by terrorists include the range of lethality, covert employment of an agent, and the availability of dual-use technologies. The results of this framework may be useful in addressing the threat these agents pose, for example by indicating priorities for countermeasure funding. Other uses include weighing the potential effectiveness of policy options, assessing threat reduction approaches to specific agents, and serving as a resource for developing other specialized frameworks. Defense against chemical and biological agents is high on the list of the nation's priorities. No clear consensus exists with respect to which agents pose the greatest threat. Previous analyses of the chemical and biological threat have largely revolved around historical and comparative treatments or been based in a military framework. Examination of the chemical and biological threat to civilians is more complicated. Agents whose characteristics make them poor military weapons may still be powerful if deployed as weapons of terror. Chemical and biological weapons used in the past have not always been chosen for the highest potential fatalities, but rather for other reasons. Some chemical and biological agents are closely regulated, both domestically and internationally. Expansion or further refinement of policies controlling these agents may lower the threat posed by terrorist use of them. Domestic policy options to reduce the threat posed by these agents include methods to prevent their use, consequence management after their use, and methods for protecting the public from them. Specific policies to implement these goals include improving the general public health system, increasing prophylaxis research, development of new medical countermeasures treatments, increasing intelligence gathering, and increasing regulation of dual-use technology. International policy options include development of new biosecurity agreements and increasing participation in current nonproliferation organizations. It is impossible to eliminate the risk of chemical or biological terrorism. Important issues facing policymakers include balancing the need for increased security with the potential economic costs associated with increased regulation and redirected federal resources, determining the relative ratio between general and specific countermeasures against chemical and biological terrorism, and assessing the success of federal efforts at reducing chemical and biological terrorism vulnerability.
Download or read book Countering Bioterrorism written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-01-03 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The attacks of September 11 and the release of anthrax spores revealed enormous vulnerabilities in the U.S. public-health infrastructure and suggested similar vulnerabilities in the agricultural infrastructure as well. The traditional public health response-surveillance (intelligence), prevention, detection, response, recovery, and attribution-is the paradigm for the national response not only to all forms of terrorism but also to emerging infectious diseases. Thus, investments in research on bioterrorism will have enormous potential for application in the detection, prevention, and treatment of emerging infectious diseases that also are unpredictable and against which we must be prepared. The deciphering of the human genome sequence and the complete elucidation of numerous pathogen genomes, our rapidly increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and of immune responses, and new strategies for designing drugs and vaccines all offer unprecedented opportunities to use science to counter bioterrorist threats. But these same developments also allow science to be misused to create new agents of mass destruction. Hence the effort to confront bioterrorism must be a global one. Countering Bioterrorism makes the following recommendations: Recommendation 1: All agencies with responsibility for homeland security should work together to establish stronger and more meaningful working ties between the intelligence, S&T, and public health communities. Recommendation 2: Federal agencies should work cooperatively and in collaboration with industry to develop and evaluate rapid, sensitive, and specific early-detection technologies. Recommendation 3: Create a global network for detection and surveillance, making use of computerized methods for real-time reporting and analysis to rapidly detect new patterns of disease locally, nationally, and ultimately- internationally. The use of high-throughput methodologies that are being increasingly utilized in modern biological research should be an important component of this expanded and highly automated surveillance strategy. Recommendation 4: Use knowledge of complex biological patterns and high-throughput laboratory automation to classify and diagnose infections in patients in primary care settings. Recommendation 5: USDA should create an agency for control and prevention of plant disease. This agency should have the capabilities necessary to deal effectively with biothreats.
Download or read book Combating Terrorism written by United States. Congress and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-09 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combating terrorism : assessing the threat of a biological weapons attack : hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session, October 12, 2001.
Download or read book Biological Weapons the Threat Posed by Terrorists written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government Information and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
