Download or read book Collective Hydrodynamics of Soft Microparticles in Quasi two dimensional Confinement written by William Eric Uspal and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flow of microparticles through geometrically confined spaces is a core element of most microfluidic technologies. Flowing particles are typically ordered and manipulated with external forces or coflowing streams, but these methods can be limited in generality and scalability. New techniques to control particle trajectories would enable new applications in such areas as materials assembly, optofluidics, and miniaturized "on-chip" bioassays and cytometry. Recently, researchers have sought to understand the conditions under which particles can organize themselves through interactions generic to the flow of suspensions through microchannels. In particular, a particle moving through a viscous fluid will create a disturbance flow, affecting the motion of distant particles. These hydrodynamic interactions (HI) are sensitive to particle shape and the presence of confining boundaries. This sensitivity presents a powerful opportunity: particle trajectories could be "programmed" into particle morphology and channel design. These could chosen so that many-body hydrodynamic interactions drive self-organization of the desired particle motions. Even a single particle could be designed to "self-steer" to a desired position in the channel cross-section through its hydrodynamic self-interaction. In this thesis, we present a series of studies exploring new possibilities for achieving selforganization, self-steering, and other flow-driven collective phenomena via design of particle shape and channel geometry. We focus on a particular setting: quasi-two-dimensional (q2D) confinement, in which particles are tightly "sandwiched" between parallel plates, free to move in only two dimensions. In this confinement regime, hydrodynamic interactions take a unique dipolar form. This form had been shown to sustain novel collective phenomena with much greater spatiotemporal coherence than can be achieved in unconfined or weakly confined suspensions. However, self-organization of q2D suspensions had not been demonstrated prior to our studies. Starting from a two-body problem, we progressively consider larger numbers of particles and more complex particle shapes. In our first study, we develop model equations for the coupled motion of two discs in a quasi-two-dimensional channel. Numerically, we find that a pair can form a hydrodynamic bound state with complex oscillatory motion. We demonstrate that this "quasiparticle" can be manipulated via patterning of confining boundaries. In the following study, we consider larger clusters of discs. We provide symmetry principles for the a priori construction of "flowing crystals": configurations of particles that maintain their relative positions as they are carried by the flow. The crystalline states generalize the two-body bound state to more complex configurations and collective modes. We also consider the wider dynamical landscape, finding metastable states with new, exquisitely coordinated particle motions. However, neither flowing crystals nor metastable states spontaneously form from a disordered configuration of discs. In pursuit of self-steering and self-organization, we turn to particle shape, and study the dynamics of a single "dumbbell" comprising two connected discs. We find that a fore-aft asymmetric dumbbell will reliably align with the flow and focus to the channel centerline. In contrast, a symmetric particle will oscillate between the channel side walls indefinitely. Through theoretical arguments, we isolate three viscous hydrodynamic mechanisms that together produce self-steering, and which generically occur for asymmetric particles in q2D. We carry out experiments with Continuous Flow Lithography (CFL), finding qualitative and semi-quantitative agreement with our theoretical predictions. Obtaining statistics from hundreds of particle trajectories, we provide a convincing experimental demonstration of self-steering for device applications. To our knowledge, this study provides the first demonstration that rigid particles can focus to the centerline in a channel flow. This progression culminates in our final study. Inspired by the mobility formalism of polymer dynamics, we develop a theoretical and numerical framework that can recover the collective dynamics of many particles with complex shape. We find that small clusters of dumbbells can self-organize from disorder into one-dimensional flowing crystals. However, dumbbells can also pair as undesirable "defects." This two-body effect frustrates self-organization in large suspensions of dumbbells, driving formation of particle aggregates. To tame this aggregation, we rationally redesign particle shape, tailoring hydrodynamic interactions to promote chaining of particles in the flow direction. The redesigned "trumbbell" particles self-organize into large, two-dimensional flowing crystals. We reveal how crystal self-organization occurs through a multistage process. One, two, several, and finally many-body interactions become implicated in successive stages. This study is the first to demonstrate that flowing lattices can be stabilized purely by viscous hydrodynamic interactions.
Download or read book Selected Papers from 2017 International Conference on Micro Nanomachines written by Jianguo Guan and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Selected Papers from 2017 International Conference on Micro/Nanomachines" that was published in Micromachines
Download or read book Out of equilibrium Soft Matter written by Christina Kurzthaler and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-03-24 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an expert introduction to active fluids systems, covering simple to complex environments.
Download or read book Self organized Motion written by Satoshi Nakata and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-11-01 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-propelled objects (particles, droplets) are autonomous agents that can convert energy from the environment into motion. These motions include nonlinear behaviour such as oscillations, synchronization, bifurcation, and pattern formation. In recent years, there has been much interest in self-propelled objects for their potential role in mass transport or their use as carriers in confined spaces. An improved understanding of self-organized motion has even allowed researchers to design objects for specific motion. This book gives an overview of the principles of self-propelled motion in chemical objects (particles, droplets) far from their thermodynamic equilibrium, at various spatial scales. Theoretical aspects, the characteristics of the motion and the design procedures of such systems are discussed from the viewpoint of nonlinear dynamics and examples of applications for these nonlinear systems are provided. This book is suitable for researchers and graduate students interested in physical and theoretical chemistry as well as soft matter.
Download or read book Ethological dynamics in diorama environments written by Toshiyuki Nakagaki and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-18 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Colloidal Active Matter written by Francesc Sagués Mestre and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-10-07 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What do bird flocks, bacterial swarms, cell tissues, and cytoskeletal fluids have in common? They are all examples of active matter. This book explores how scientists in various disciplines, from physics to biology, have collated a solid corpus of experimental designs and theories during the last two decades to decipher active systems. The book addresses, from a multidisciplinary viewpoint, the field of active matter at a colloidal scale. Concepts, experiments, and theoretical models are put side by side to fully illuminate the subtilities of active systems. A large variety of subjects, from microswimmers or driven colloids to self-organized active fluids, are analysed within a unified perspective. Generic collective effects of self-propelled or driven colloids, such as motility-induced flocking, and new paradigms, such as the celebrated concept of active nematics in reconstituted protein-based fluids, are discussed using well-known experimental scenarios and recognized theories. Topics are covered with rigor and in a self-consistent way, reaching both practitioners and newcomers to the field. The diversity of topics and conceptual challenges in active matter have long hampered the chance to explore the field with a general perspective. This monograph, the first single-authored title on active matter, is intended to fill this gap by bridging disparate experimental and theoretical interests from colloidal soft matter to cell biophysics.
Download or read book Order and Fluctuations in Collective Dynamics of Swimming Bacteria written by Daiki Nishiguchi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on experimental studies on collective motion using swimming bacteria as model active-matter systems. It offers comprehensive reviews of state-of-the-art theories and experiments on collective motion from the viewpoint of nonequilibrium statistical physics. The author presents his experimental studies on two major classes of collective motion that had been well studied theoretically. Firstly, swimming filamentous bacteria in a thin fluid layer are shown to exhibit true, long-range orientational order and anomalously strong giant density fluctuations, which are considered universal and landmark signatures of collective motion by many numerical and theoretical works but have never been observed in real systems. Secondly, chaotic bacterial turbulence in a three-dimensional dense suspension without any long-range order as described in the first half is demonstrated to be capable of achieving antiferromagnetic vortex order by imposing a small number of constraints with appropriate periodicity. The experimental results presented significantly advance our fundamental understanding of order and fluctuations in collective motion of motile elements and their future applications.
Download or read book Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics written by Robert Zwanzig and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2001-05-17 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a presentation of the main ideas and methods of modern nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. It is the perfect introduction for anyone in chemistry or physics who needs an update or background in this time-dependent field. Topics covered include fluctuation-dissipation theorem; linear response theory; time correlation functions, and projection operators. Theoretical models are illustrated by real-world examples and numerous applications such as chemical reaction rates and spectral line shapes are covered. The mathematical treatments are detailed and easily understandable and the appendices include useful mathematical methods like the Laplace transforms, Gaussian random variables and phenomenological transport equations.
Download or read book Brownian Agents and Active Particles written by Frank Schweitzer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-08-29 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book lays out a vision for a coherent framework for understanding complex systems. By developing the genuine idea of Brownian agents, the author combines concepts from informatics, such as multiagent systems, with approaches of statistical many-particle physics. It demonstrates that Brownian agent models can be successfully applied in many different contexts, ranging from physicochemical pattern formation to swarming in biological systems.
Download or read book Flowing Matter written by Federico Toschi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, published in the Soft and Biological Matter series, presents an introduction to selected research topics in the broad field of flowing matter, including the dynamics of fluids with a complex internal structure -from nematic fluids to soft glasses- as well as active matter and turbulent phenomena. Flowing matter is a subject at the crossroads between physics, mathematics, chemistry, engineering, biology and earth sciences, and relies on a multidisciplinary approach to describe the emergence of the macroscopic behaviours in a system from the coordinated dynamics of its microscopic constituents. Depending on the microscopic interactions, an assembly of molecules or of mesoscopic particles can flow like a simple Newtonian fluid, deform elastically like a solid or behave in a complex manner. When the internal constituents are active, as for biological entities, one generally observes complex large-scale collective motions. Phenomenology is further complicated by the invariable tendency of fluids to display chaos at the large scales or when stirred strongly enough. This volume presents several research topics that address these phenomena encompassing the traditional micro-, meso-, and macro-scales descriptions, and contributes to our understanding of the fundamentals of flowing matter. This book is the legacy of the COST Action MP1305 “Flowing Matter”.
Download or read book Condensed Matter Field Theory written by Alexander Altland and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-11 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This primer is aimed at elevating graduate students of condensed matter theory to a level where they can engage in independent research. Topics covered include second quantisation, path and functional field integration, mean-field theory and collective phenomena.
Download or read book Structure and Dynamics of Confined Polymers written by John J. Kasianowicz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-07-31 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers are essential to biology because they can have enough stable degrees of freedom to store the molecular code of heredity and to express the sequences needed to manufacture new molecules. Through these they perform or control virtually every function in life. Although some biopolymers are created and spend their entire career in the relatively large free space inside cells or organelles, many biopolymers must migrate through a narrow passageway to get to their targeted destination. This suggests the questions: How does confining a polymer affect its behavior and function? What does that tell us about the interactions between the monomers that comprise the polymer and the molecules that confine it? Can we design and build devices that mimic the functions of these nanoscale systems? The NATO Advanced Research Workshop brought together for four days in Bikal, Hungary over forty experts in experimental and theoretical biophysics, molecular biology, biophysical chemistry, and biochemistry interested in these questions. Their papers collected in this book provide insight on biological processes involving confinement and form a basis for new biotechnological applications using polymers. In his paper Edmund DiMarzio asks: What is so special about polymers? Why are polymers so prevalent in living things? The chemist says the reason is that a protein made of N amino acids can have any of 20 different kinds at each position along the chain, resulting in 20 N different polymers, and that the complexity of life lies in this variety.
Download or read book Introduction to Soft Matter written by Ian W. Hamley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-18 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to this exciting and relativelynew subject with chapters covering natural and synthetic polymers,colloids, surfactants and liquid crystals highlighting the many andvaried applications of these materials. Written by an expert in thefield, this book will be an essential reference for people workingin both industry and academia and will aid in understanding of thisincreasingly popular topic. Contains a new chapter on biological soft matter Newly edited and updated chapters including updated coverageof recent aspects of polymer science. Contain problems at the end of each chapter to facilitateunderstanding
Download or read book Complex Fluids in Biological Systems written by Saverio E. Spagnolie and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as an introduction to the continuum mechanics and mathematical modeling of complex fluids in living systems. The form and function of living systems are intimately tied to the nature of surrounding fluid environments, which commonly exhibit nonlinear and history dependent responses to forces and displacements. With ever-increasing capabilities in the visualization and manipulation of biological systems, research on the fundamental phenomena, models, measurements, and analysis of complex fluids has taken a number of exciting directions. In this book, many of the world’s foremost experts explore key topics such as: Macro- and micro-rheological techniques for measuring the material properties of complex biofluids and the subtleties of data interpretation Experimental observations and rheology of complex biological materials, including mucus, cell membranes, the cytoskeleton, and blood The motility of microorganisms in complex fluids and the dynamics of active suspensions Challenges and solutions in the numerical simulation of biologically relevant complex fluid flows This volume will be accessible to advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in engineering, mathematics, biology, and the physical sciences, but will appeal to anyone interested in the intricate and beautiful nature of complex fluids in the context of living systems.
Download or read book The Biology of Cilia and Flagella written by M. A. Sleigh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-01-11 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Biology of Cilia and Flagella reviews advances in the study of cilia and flagella since 1928. This book focuses on four main topics—structure of cilia, factors that affect ciliary activity, movement of cilia and flagella, and coordination of beat of cilia. In these topics, this compilation specifically discusses the intracellular structures associated with ciliary bases; viscosity of the medium and ciliary activity, and energy relationships of cilia and flagella. The compounding of synchronously beating cilia, variations in shaft structure, and control of ciliary activity by the organism are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the determination of the rate of beat of cilia and root-fiber systems and coordination of ciliary beat. This publication is suitable for biologists and clinicians of other disciplines researching on the structure and physiology of cilia and flagella.
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 942 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion written by Francis F. Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TO THE SECOND EDITION In the nine years since this book was first written, rapid progress has been made scientifically in nuclear fusion, space physics, and nonlinear plasma theory. At the same time, the energy shortage on the one hand and the exploration of Jupiter and Saturn on the other have increased the national awareness of the important applications of plasma physics to energy production and to the understanding of our space environment. In magnetic confinement fusion, this period has seen the attainment 13 of a Lawson number nTE of 2 x 10 cm -3 sec in the Alcator tokamaks at MIT; neutral-beam heating of the PL T tokamak at Princeton to KTi = 6. 5 keV; increase of average ß to 3%-5% in tokamaks at Oak Ridge and General Atomic; and the stabilization of mirror-confined plasmas at Livermore, together with injection of ion current to near field-reversal conditions in the 2XIIß device. Invention of the tandem mirror has given magnetic confinement a new and exciting dimension. New ideas have emerged, such as the compact torus, surface-field devices, and the EßT mirror-torus hybrid, and some old ideas, such as the stellarator and the reversed-field pinch, have been revived. Radiofrequency heat ing has become a new star with its promise of dc current drive. Perhaps most importantly, great progress has been made in the understanding of the MHD behavior of toroidal plasmas: tearing modes, magnetic Vll Vlll islands, and disruptions.
