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Book Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards 2016 2020

Download or read book Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards 2016 2020 written by Jean-Jacques Arnaldez and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2022-02-28 with total page 1675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards 2016¿2020 contains extracts of cases handled by the ICC Court of Arbitration, one of the world’s most respected arbitral institutions. This most recent collection supplements seven previous and successful volumes containing awards from the period 1974 to 2015. This collection is a practical reference tool, containing three types of useful indexes incorporating information from all three volumes: a consolidated analytical table, in both English and French, contains extensive cross-references based on the terminology used in awards and case notes; a chronological index lists the awards; a keyword index, also provided in both languages, allows the reader to locate the material of interest quickly and easily. In addition to providing a wealth of information in a highly accessible manner, this book includes case notes end expert commentaries on the awards. This publication is an indispensable reference work for anyone interested in international arbitration and in the reasoning of international arbitrators on the interpretation and application of contractual clauses, international conventions, and the law of international trade. It is invaluable to both scholars and practitioners involved in the drafting and negotiation of international commercial contracts and the resolution of international commercial disputes.

Book Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards 2012     2015

Download or read book Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards 2012 2015 written by Jean-Jacques Arnaldez and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2018-12-21 with total page 904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards 2012-2015 contains extracts of cases handled by the ICC Court of Arbitration, one of the world's most respected arbitral institutions. This most recent collection supplements six previous and successful volumes containing awards from the periods 1974-1985, 1986-1990, 1991-1995, 1996-2000, 2001-2007 and 2008-2011. This collection is a practical reference tool, containing three types of useful indexes incorporating information from all three volumes: – a consolidated analytical table, in both English and French, contains extensive cross-references based on the terminology used in awards and case notes; – a chronological index lists the awards; – a key word index, also provided in both languages, allows the reader to locate the material of interest quickly and easily. In addition to providing a wealth of information in a highly accessible manner, this book includes case notes end expert commentaries on the awards. This publication is an indispensable reference work for anyone interested in international arbitration and in the reasoning of international arbitrators on the interpretation and application of contractual clauses, international conventions, and the law of international trade. It is invaluable to both scholars and practitioners involved in the drafting and negotiation of international commercial contracts and the resolution of international commercial disputes.

Book The Evolution of International Arbitration

Download or read book The Evolution of International Arbitration written by Alec Stone Sweet and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book charts and assesses the extent to which the major arbitration houses, including the International Chamber of Commerce and the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes, are evolving governance functions that would normally be associated with state courts.

Book Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards  2008 2011

Download or read book Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards 2008 2011 written by Jean-Jacques Arnaldez and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards 1996-2000 contains extracts of cases handled by the ICC Court of Arbitration, one of the world's most respected arbitral institutions. This most recent collection supplements three previous and successful volumes containing awards from the periods 1974-1985, 1986-1990 and 1991-1995. This collection is a practical reference tool, containing three types of useful indexes incorporating information from all three volumes: - A consolidated analytical table, in both English and French, contains extensive cross-references based on the terminology used in awards and case notes; - A chronological index lists the awards - A key word index, also provided in both languages, allows the reader to locate the material of interest quickly and easily In addition to providing a wealth of information in a highly accessible manner, this book includes case notes and expert commentaries of the awards. This publication is an indispensable reference work for anyone interested in international arbitration and in the reasoning of international arbitrators on the interpretation and application of contractual clauses, international conventions, and the law of international trade. It is invaluable to both scholars and practitioners involved in the drafting and negotiation of international commercial contracts and the resolution of international commercial disputes.

Book International Commercial Arbitration

Download or read book International Commercial Arbitration written by Gary B. Born and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 5388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Commercial Arbitration is an authoritative 4,250 page treatise, in three volumes, providing the most comprehensive commentary and analysis, on all aspects of the international commercial arbitration process that is available. The Third Edition of International Commercial Arbitration has been comprehensively revised, expanded and updated, To include all legislative, judicial and arbitral authorities, and other materials in the field of international arbitration prior to June 2020. It also includes expanded treatment of annulment, recognition of awards, counsel ethics, arbitrator independence and impartiality and applicable law. The revised 4,250 page text contains references to more than 20,000 cases, awards and other authorities and will enhance the treatise’s position as the world’s leading work on international arbitration. The first and second editions of International Commercial Arbitration have been routinely relied on by courts and arbitral tribunals around the world ((including the highest courts of the United States, United Kingdom, Singapore, India, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Australia, the Netherlands and Canada) and international arbitral tribunals (including ICC, SIAC, LCIA, AAA, ICSID, SCC and PCA), e.g.: U.S. Supreme Court – GE Energy Power Conversion France SAS, Corp. v. Outokumpu Stainless USA, LLC, 590 U.S. - (U.S. S.Ct. 2020); BG Group plc v. Republic of Argentina, 572 U.S. 25 (U.S. S.Ct. 2014); Canadian Supreme Court – Uber v. Heller, 2020 SCC 16 (Canadian S.Ct.); Yugraneft Corp. v. Rexx Mgt Corp., [2010] 1 R.C.S. 649, 661 (Canadian S.Ct.); U.K. Supreme Court – Jivraj v. Hashwani [2011] UKSC 40, ¶78 (U.K. S.Ct.); Dallah Real Estate & Tourism Holding Co. v. Ministry of Religious Affairs, Gov’t of Pakistan [2010] UKSC 46 (U.K. S.Ct.); Swiss Federal Tribunal – Judgment of 25 September 2014, DFT 5A_165/2014 (Swiss Fed. Trib.); Indian Supreme Court – Bharat Aluminium v. Kaiser Aluminium, C.A. No. 7019/2005, ¶¶138-39, 142, 148-49 (Indian S.Ct. 2012); Singapore Court of Appeal – Rakna Arakshaka Lanka Ltd v. Avant Garde Maritime Servs. Ltd, [2019] 2 SLR 131 (Singapore Ct. App.); PT Perusahaan Gas Negara (Persero) TBK v. CRW Joint Operation, [2015] SGCA 30 (Singapore Ct. App.); Larsen Oil & Gas Pte Ltd v. Petroprod Ltd, [2011] SGCA 21, ¶19 (Singapore Ct. App.); Australian Federal Court – Hancock Prospecting Pty Ltd v. Rinehart, [2017] FCAFC 170 (Australian Fed. Ct.); Hague Court of Appeal – Judgment of 18 February 2020, Case No. 200.197.079/01 (Hague Gerechtshof); Arbitral Tribunals – Lao Holdings NV v. Lao People's Democratic Republic I, Award in ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/12/6, 6 August 2019; Gold Reserve Inc. v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Decision regarding the Claimant’s and the Respondent’s Requests for Corrections, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/09/1, 15 December 2014; Total SA v. The Argentine Republic, Decision on Stay of Enforcement of the Award, ICSID Case No. ARB/04/01, 4 December 2014; Millicom Int'l Operations B.V. v. Republic of Senegal, Decision on Jurisdiction of the Arbitral Tribunal, ICSID Case No. ARB/08/20, 16 July 2010; Lemire v. Ukraine, Dissenting Opinion of Jürgen Voss, ICSID Case No. ARB/06/18, 1 March 2011.

Book Third Party Effects of Arbitral Awards

Download or read book Third Party Effects of Arbitral Awards written by Maximilian Pika and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The specialization and financial demand of global business render international transactions inherently multilateral and thus best effected through arbitration agreements. However, it often happens that – for various reasons, such as a debtor’s failure to pay damages ordered by an arbitral tribunal – third parties who did not consent to the original arbitration enter the scene. This is the first book to examine the binding effects of international commercial arbitral awards in follow-up disputes against third parties. It comprehensively analyses arbitral awards’ third-party effects under national arbitration laws, the New York Convention and private international law. Moreover, it proposes solutions under transnational law before both courts and arbitral tribunals. Applying a continuously comparative methodology that refers to specific statutory, jurisprudential and scholarly sources, this book explores the nature and implications of such aspects of third-party involvement as the following: the foundations of the doctrine of res judicata and its intrinsic connection to other tools of forum coordination; the distinction between res judicata before courts on the one hand and arbitral tribunals on the other; the application of non-mutual preclusion in favour of third parties; the potential for arbitral awards to constitute a fact in follow-up disputes; a comparison of rules and uncertainties on awards’ third-party effects under various national arbitration acts; preclusion agreements; the arbitration agreement’s scope; and judgments’ third-party effects as a shift of the participatory burden. For civil law, the author focuses on France and Switzerland (as predominant arbitral seats) and on Germany (as a Model Law example). Among common-law countries, he concentrates on England and Wales and on the United States. Statutory sources (with specific wording), leading cases and summaries of the most important scholarly discussions are all invoked. With its clear guidelines for matters currently not addressed in previous publications and likely to be raised in specific cases, this book will prove to be of immeasurable value for arbitration practitioners and academics in any jurisdiction. Business parties that seek to prevent contradicting decisions in multilateral transactions will appreciate the practically feasible alternatives it presents in the event of follow-up disputes involving third parties.

Book Complex Arbitrations

    Book Details:
  • Author : Bernard Hanotiau
  • Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
  • Release : 2020-07-10
  • ISBN : 9403512628
  • Pages : 626 pages

Download or read book Complex Arbitrations written by Bernard Hanotiau and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complex Arbitrations: Multi-party, Multi-contract and Multi-issue A Comparative Study Second Edition Bernard Hanotiau Arbitrations involving more than two parties and complex multi-contractual issues are becoming more and more prevalent every year in every major jurisdiction worldwide. This fully updated, extensively revised edition of a far-seeing 2006 book that has been greatly valued and widely used remains the only comprehensive analysis of all the issues arising from multi-party–multi-contract arbitrations, including those involving States and groups of companies. The numerous factors and problems analysed in depth include the following: theories on the basis of which various courts and tribunals determine who are parties to the arbitration clause and whether a non-signatory may be part of the proceedings; to what extent one can bring to a single arbitration proceeding the various parties who have participated in a single economic transaction through several contracts; reasoning to follow when it comes to deciding whether another company of the group can be joined to the arbitration; whether a party to a complex contractual structure can intervene voluntarily in the proceedings; under what conditions arbitrations may be consolidated; to what extent res judicata applies when a second arbitration is initiated between the same parties on different legal grounds; how and to what extent one can overcome the inconveniences that arise from having several parallel proceedings; and enforcement of multi-party–multi-contract awards. Features of particular value to the practitioner include in-depth analysis of ad hoc and institutional awards rendered under the auspices of numerous arbitral institutions; analysis of relevant national case law based on hundreds of court decisions from all over the world; and appendices specifying multi-party–multi-contract arbitration clauses, provisions of international conventions and relevant national legislative and institutional rules. The first edition has been used all over the world, frequently referred to by courts and tribunals when one of its topics is addressed. The second edition, with its increased volume of arbitral awards and cases from many more jurisdictions, its new scenarios, its updates on new legislation and rules, and its newly researched jurisprudence will help lawyers and corporate counsel solve the increasingly complex procedural issues confronting them in dealing with multi-party–multi-contract disputes. Law professors and students of dispute resolution have here a powerfully authoritative consideration of one of the most salient aspects of current international practice.

Book Towards a Uniform Approach to Confidentiality of International Commercial Arbitration

Download or read book Towards a Uniform Approach to Confidentiality of International Commercial Arbitration written by Elza Reymond-Eniaeva and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-11 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals with confidentiality as one of the most controversial issues in international commercial arbitration. On the one hand, it is widely recognized that confidentiality is an important advantage of arbitration which contributes to its attractiveness. On the other hand, there is no uniform regulation in national legislations, arbitration rules, and other relevant sources as to the scope or even to the existence of a duty of confidentiality. A uniform approach to confidentiality of international commercial arbitration is possible. The best way to achieve it would be through harmonization of national arbitration laws which should impose a confidentiality obligation subject to certain exceptions. The purpose of maintaining confidentiality would be to protect primarily the parties from undesirable leaks that can be avoided and to protect arbitration as an institution. As to a systematic publication of arbitral awards without identifying the parties’ identity, it is desirable and should be the goal.

Book ICC Arbitration in Practice

    Book Details:
  • Author : Herman Verbist
  • Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
  • Release : 2015-12-19
  • ISBN : 9041168265
  • Pages : 1085 pages

Download or read book ICC Arbitration in Practice written by Herman Verbist and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2015-12-19 with total page 1085 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rules of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce - commonly referred to as the ICC Rules — are the rules most frequently used in commercial disputes between business partners from different countries. Since they were first launched in 1922, these Rules have been applied in over 21,000 cases. The second revised edition of this eminently practical volume provides an article-by-article commentary of the current version of the ICC Rules of Arbitration in force as from 1 January 2012. Using clear and concise language, unencumbered by footnotes and illustrated by flow diagrams, the authors guide the reader through the various stages of ICC arbitration proceedings, from initiation to the final award. This thorough analysis is enhanced with other invaluable material, including: • a digest of statistics relating to ICC arbitration for the years 2009 to 2013; • references to selected national arbitration laws and to the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration; • a bibliography, including useful web sites; and • a separate chapter on ICC’s other dispute resolution services, such as mediation, expert proceedings, dispute boards, DOCDEX and the pre-arbitral referee procedure. Appendices provide the reader with the texts of ICC’s various dispute resolution rules and other relevant documents. The authors, all practicing lawyers, have all worked as counsel at the Secretariat of the ICC International Court of Arbitration. They have gone on to represent parties and act as arbitrators in many international proceedings. They also serve as mediators and party representatives in international mediations. They are also members of the ICC Commission on Arbitration and ADR and participated in the discussions leading to the 2012 ICC Rules of Arbitration. Written from a practical perspective, this book remains an essential resource for company lawyers who wish to familiarize themselves with ICC arbitration, assess the pros and cons of entering into an arbitration clause referring to the ICC Rules, or obtain information and guidance on how to proceed in a given situation. Arbitration practitioners will find useful information on the practice of ICC arbitration, including various notes of the ICC Court Secretariat and reports of the ICC Commission on Arbitration and ADR.

Book Deference in International Commercial Arbitration

Download or read book Deference in International Commercial Arbitration written by Franco Ferrari and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2023-05-12 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In international arbitration, deference entails that one decision-maker does not make an autonomous assessment but limits its decision-making power out of respect for the decision or authority of another actor. For example, a court exercising post-award review might refrain from reviewing a question of procedure de novo but instead defer to a prior determination made by the arbitral tribunal. In this book, prominent arbitration practitioners and academics offer the first systematic analysis of such deference in international arbitration. With abundant reference to case law from major arbitration hubs, the analysis is organized around the three relationships in which questions of deference arise: public-private relationships in which a State actor (e.g., a court) must decide whether it should pay deference to determinations made by a private actor (e.g., a tribunal or an arbitral institution); public-public relationships in which a State actor (e.g., a court at the place of recognition and enforcement) must decide whether it should pay deference to another State actor (e.g., a court at the seat); and private-private relationships in which a private actor (e.g., an arbitral tribunal) must decide whether it should pay deference to another private actor (e.g., another arbitral tribunal or an arbitral institution). The book makes an important contribution to tracing the boundaries of the multiple layers of control over arbitration proceedings. It takes a giant step towards establishing the right equilibrium between the different layers of authority and thus meeting a pivotal challenge for the viability of arbitration as a form of dispute resolution.

Book Good Faith in International Law

Download or read book Good Faith in International Law written by Robert Kolb and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a great degree of controversy on the proper complexion and role of general principles of law in the international legal order. Opinions range from total rejection of some types of principles to the most enthusiastic endorsement of principles as the necessary oil for the many complex wheels of the legal order. In this book one of the leading public lawyers of his generation explores the concept of good faith and its role in international law. Rather than offer a detailed, comprehensive examination, Kolb aims to map the true points of gravity of the principle of good faith in the international legal order. In so doing, he illustrates how the various legal institutions who operate in the sphere of public international law allow the principle of good faith to unfold.

Book Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards 2012 2015

Download or read book Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards 2012 2015 written by Jean-Jacques Arnaldez and published by Kluwer Law International. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards 2012-2015 contains extracts of cases handled by the ICC Court of Arbitration, one of the world's most respected arbitral institutions. This most recent collection supplements six previous and successful volumes containing awards from the periods 1974-1985, 1986-1990, 1991-1995, 1996-2000, 2001-2007 and 2008-2011. This collection is a practical reference tool, containing three types of useful indexes incorporating information from all three volumes: a consolidated analytical table, in both English and French, contains extensive cross-references based on the terminology used in awards and case notes; a chronological index lists the awards; a key word index, also provided in both languages, allows the reader to locate the material of interest quickly and easily. In addition to providing a wealth of information in a highly accessible manner, this book includes case notes end expert commentaries on the awards. This publication is an indispensable reference work for anyone interested in international arbitration and in the reasoning of international arbitrators on the interpretation and application of contractual clauses, international conventions, and the law of international trade. It is invaluable to both scholars and practitioners involved in the drafting and negotiation of international commercial contracts and the resolution of international commercial disputes.

Book International Arbitration

    Book Details:
  • Author : Gary B. Born
  • Publisher : Aspen Publishing
  • Release : 2015-03-12
  • ISBN : 1454860251
  • Pages : 1749 pages

Download or read book International Arbitration written by Gary B. Born and published by Aspen Publishing. This book was released on 2015-03-12 with total page 1749 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important casebook is based upon one of the leading books in the field Born's treatise, International Commercial Arbitration. It offers a comprehensive approach to international commercial arbitration (focused on the New York Convention and UNCITRAL Model Law), while providing comparative examples drawn from state-to-state and investment arbitration. An easy-to-use chronological structure follows the course of an international arbitration. Features: Thoroughly revised to reflect amendments to UNCITRAL Rules, ICC Rules and other institutional arbitration rules New sections addressing IBA Guidelines on Party Representation in International Arbitration Revised to reflect amendments to representative national arbitration legislation in France, Singapore and elsewhere Streamlined excerpts of cases and awards; added excerpts of new arbitral awards on selected topics.

Book Interpretation of Contracts in Comparative and Uniform Law

Download or read book Interpretation of Contracts in Comparative and Uniform Law written by Ahmet Cemil Yildirim and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2019-05-14 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the globalized nature of modern commerce, arbitrators and legal counsel are often required to interpret contracts according to the rules of legal systems that are different from their own. Thus a thorough comparative examination of the principles of interpretation of contracts in major legal systems and uniform laws, such as this indispensable book provides, becomes an essential resource. The book examines the principles of contract interpretation found in seven legal systems—French, Italian, German, Swiss, Turkish, English, and U.S.—as well as in all applicable uniform laws, drawing on the case law and scholarship aligned with each. In addition to texts intended to unify or harmonize the law at a global level, the European Union’s uniform law texts, which constitute an important reference model for regional codifications, are also presented. The terminology peculiar to each system has been preserved in its language. Specific issues and topics raised include the following: “subjective” versus “objective” interpretation; historical reasons for basic differences in the approaches of individual legal systems; the principle of freedom of contract; good faith and fair dealing; rules that restrict the interpretation of contracts; and commercial usages. The author’s systematic presentation culminates in a proposal of a practical and universal method of interpretation of contracts. Given the importance of the interpretation of contracts in cross-border transactions, every practitioner of international arbitration will welcome this incomparable book’s easy access to the essential literature and case law in the legal systems and uniform laws they are most likely to encounter. Corporate counsel, scholars, and academics will discover the only detailed comparative overview available of the theory and practice of the interpretation of contracts.

Book Proving Bribery  Fraud and Money Laundering in International Arbitration

Download or read book Proving Bribery Fraud and Money Laundering in International Arbitration written by Kathrin Betz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-31 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades, arbitration has become the number one mechanism to settle international investment and commercial disputes. As a parallel development, the international legal framework to combat economic crime became much stronger within the fields of foreign public bribery, private bribery, fraud and money laundering. With frequent allegations of criminal conduct arising in international arbitration proceedings, it is crucially important to consider how such claims can be proven. This book analyses relevant case law involving alleged criminal conduct within international arbitration and addresses the most pressing issues regarding applicable criminal law and evidence. It is an essential resource for practising lawyers and academics active in the field of international investment and commercial arbitration.

Book Institutional Arbitration

    Book Details:
  • Author : Rolf A Schütze
  • Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
  • Release : 2013-04-05
  • ISBN : 1782250808
  • Pages : 1512 pages

Download or read book Institutional Arbitration written by Rolf A Schütze and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2013-04-05 with total page 1512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International arbitration has become the preferred dispute resolution mechanism in cross-border disputes. In the course of time, ad hoc arbitration, where the parties have to create their own rules and procedures, has increasingly been replaced by institutional arbitration where a specialised institution with a permanent organisation provides assistance and a set of practice-proven rules. The services and rules provided by the various institutions of arbitration differ. In order to inform the potential parties and their counsels about the differences and to make the choice between the different arbitration regimes easier, and to offer guidance through the various provisions, this book provides a comprehensive article-by-article commentary of rules of arbitration of 14 important arbitration institutions: AAA (American Arbitration Association) CIEDAC (China International Economic and Trade Arbitration) DIAC (Dubai International Arbitration Centre) DIS (German Institution of Arbitration) ICC (International Court of Arbitration) ICSID (International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes) KLRCA (Kuala Lumpur Regional Centre for Arbitration) LCIA (The London Court of International Arbitration) MKAS (Moscow International Commercial Arbitration Court) SCC (Stockholm Chamber of Commerce Arbitration) SIAC (Singapore International Arbitration Centre) Swiss Rules UNCITRAL Rules Vienna Rules

Book Arbitrators as Lawmakers

    Book Details:
  • Author : Dolores Bentolila
  • Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
  • Release : 2017-04-05
  • ISBN : 9041183558
  • Pages : 275 pages

Download or read book Arbitrators as Lawmakers written by Dolores Bentolila and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2017-04-05 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses how arbitrators make rules that guide, constrain, and define the process and substance of international arbitration. Providing a thorough and multidisciplinary analysis of the actors, process, and outcome of arbitral lawmaking, the study shows how arbitrators create principles of law through consistent arbitral decision-making and through interacting with other members of the arbitral community. This book investigates and responds to the following questions: - What is the relationship between international arbitration and the law and courts of the seat? - What is the role of international tribunals in assisting and controlling investment arbitration? - What is the scope of arbitrators’ freedom in decision-making? - What constraints limit arbitrators’ decision-making and contribute to consistency? - Is international arbitration capable of paying deference to past arbitral decisions? - Which rules have arbitrators created in procedural and substantive matters? - What is the role and status of consistent arbitral decisions? - Is there an arbitral legal system? The answers to these questions are drawn from actual arbitral decisions made available to the public, clarifying important issues about jurisdiction, procedure, applicable law, interpretation of substantive rules and instruments, and remedies. This is the first overarching study of whether and to what extent international commercial, and investment arbitrators create norms and even generate a legal system. As such, it will be of immeasurable and lasting value to arbitrators, practitioners, scholars, arbitral institutions, and international organizations worldwide, for all of whom it will not only clarify our understanding of arbitral decision-making and arbitrator-made rules, but also foster transparency and accountability in arbitral decision-making