Download or read book Cold Hardiness of Grapevine Rootstocks and Their Effect on Scion Cold Hardiness and Time of Bud Burst written by David Miller M. and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Very strange things are afoot at Fablehaven. Someone or something has released a plague that transforms beings of light into creatures of darkness. Seth discovers the problem early, but as the infectious disease spreads, it becomes clear that the preserve cannot hold out for long. In dire need of help, the Sorensons question where to turn. The Sphinx has always given sound advice -- but is he a traitor? Inside the Quiet Box, Vanessa might have information that could lead to a cure, but can she be trusted?"--Provided by publisher

Download or read book Resilience of Grapevine to Climate Change From Plant Physiology to Adaptation Strategies written by Chiara Pastore and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-09-20 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Influence of Rootstock on the Response of Seyval Grapevines to Environmental Stress written by R. Keith Striegler and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Grape and Wine Research in the Department of Horticulture written by Michigan State University. Horticulture Department and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Grapevine Rootstock scion Interactions and Influence on Ripening Periods and the Initiation of Senescence written by Jean Catherine Dodson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pest and disease pressures have traditionally driven the use of grapevine rootstocks in California. However, competing demands on the State’s water resources from an ever-increasing population and uncertainty of the supply under a changing climate mean that the water available for agriculture will continue to diminish. This inevitability has resulted in an increased interest in how rootstock characteristics influence scion growth and yield, and the impact rootstock parentage and genetics have on controlling these traits. This research consisted of three separate studies. The initial study examined 19 rootstocks on eight different field sites to determine rootstock impact on yields and pruning weights. The study spanned 11 years and general rootstock trends on yield and pruning weights were documented across the different soil types. Each field trial was positioned within a larger commercially operated winegrape vineyard of the same scion cultivar. Yield results were obtained by counting and weighing clusters at the time of harvest. Pruning weights were taken in winter after a professional crew pruned to normal standards for the given trellis and site characteristics. The results found that rootstocks group based on soil-based factors such as soil depth and water holding capacity, soil texture, soil chemistry and pathogen and pest pressure. This study laid the foundation for an examination of rootstock influence on scion phenological features examined in the second and third portion of this research. The objective of the second study was to determine the role that two grapevine rootstocks (110R and 101-14 MGT) have on scion phenology; specifically on leaf senescence and its influence on fruit ripening. To evaluate and classify rootstock influence on scion growth, development and senescence field trials were evaluated at three locations and measured: scion internode and stem diameter above the second cluster; cluster number; yield and pruning weight per vine; photon flux density (PFD) penetration into the cluster zone; abscisic acid accumulation in the leaves; and vine balance. The results suggest that 101-14 MGT shortens the length of the growing season compared to 110R based on the timing of senescence. 110R and 101-14 MGT also had a significant influence on scion growth characteristics. Vines grafted on 110R tended to have lower PFD in the cluster zone, more clusters, greater pruning and yield weights per vine in comparison to scions grafted on 101-14 MGT. Scions grated on 110R also had greater shoot internode lengths and stem diameters above the second cluster than those on 101-14 MGT. In the final study, a time efficient and cost effective container-based assay was developed to screen existing and newly bred rootstocks for their influence on the timing of leaf senescence timing and scion dormancy. A leaf senescence indexing guide was developed by evaluating rootstocks in two container-based shadehouse studies. The initial container assay was conducted over the course of two years and was established from dormant cuttings. It evaluated five commonly used rootstocks (101-14 MGT, 110R, 420A, Riparia Gloire, St. George), un-grafted and grafted with Cabernet Sauvignon under deficit and non-deficit irrigation regimes. A second container assay was established from herbaceous cuttings from a Ramsey (Vitis candicans x V. rupestris) x Riparia Gloire (V. riparia) population. These plants were un-grafted and exposed to deficit irrigation. In addition to scoring senescence, midday leaf water potential and stomatal conductance data were taken. Results from this study found that container assays can be successfully used to determine differences in senescence timing and are more easily observed under deficit irrigation. These results found that leaf senescence segregates in this population and identified selections with very early senescence, 33 and 105, and selections with late senescence, 56, 97 and 106.

Download or read book Cold Hardiness of Grapes written by Marilyn B. Odneal and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Seasonal Cold Hardiness Deacclimation Kinetics and Dormancy Completion in Cold climate Hybrid Grapevine written by Michael Geiger North and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dormancy and cold hardiness are critical adaptations for temperate woody perennial species to survive winter freezing stress. Grapevine (Vitis spp.) buds avoid freeze injury by supercooling water in their buds, which is a seasonally dynamic process and is related to dormancy mechanisms. There is high variability in traits related to dormancy and cold hardiness across grapevine species. Grapevine breeders have developed interspecific hybrid grapevine cultivars that combine desirable fruit quality and cold hardiness traits. These hybrids, referred to as cold-climate cultivars, have propelled the expansion of grapevine production into regions that were previously limited by annual low temperatures. However, cold-climate cultivars are still susceptible to freeze injury. Moreover, climate change predictions indicate new winter challenges, such as erratic and extreme weather events and generally warmer winter weather. Therefore, more information regarding cold hardiness and dormancy traits in cold-climate cultivars is needed. The research targeted in this dissertation aimed to characterize important dormancy and cold hardiness traits in five cold-climate cultivars.The lower temperature limit for bud cold hardiness changes across the seasons. Continuous, time-series cold hardiness data were collected to establish a foundation for cold hardiness abilities in individual cold-climate cultivars. The research presented in Chapter 2 characterized changes in bud cold hardiness for five cold-climate cultivars to identify relative risk for freeze injury throughout the dormant period and the factors regulating cold hardiness changes. This research also optimized and evaluated a bud cold hardiness prediction model for the same cultivars grown in a cold-climate region. We determined ambient temperature is the most important factor that regulates hybrid grapevine cold hardiness changes, and cultivars respond to temperature signals at varying degrees. We also calculated highly accurate cold hardiness predictions after reparametrizing a prediction model for each cold-climate cultivar. This information can guide cultivar selection decisions for particular growing regions and provides a framework for future studies concerning the physiological and mechanistic processes of grapevine cold hardiness. In addition, this work can strengthen decision making for improved bud cold hardiness protection, especially in cold-climate growing regions. The loss of cold hardiness i.e., deacclimation during spring is one of the most critical causes of freeze injury and is a determinant of budbreak phenology. Research presented in Chapter 3 evaluated the effect of chill unit accumulation and ambient temperature on dormancy status, deacclimation responses, and budbreak in five cold-climate cultivars grown in a cold climate region. In addition, this research validated a method for quantifying the contribution of chill unit accumulation to dormancy transitions. We observed deacclimation responses that increased continuously as chill units accumulated. This continuum of deacclimation responses was quantified as a rate ratio, referred to as deacclimation potential. Deacclimation potential provides an advantageous alternative method to assess dormancy status by quantifying a bud growth phenotype that is linked to growth but proceeds externally visible bud enlargement/elongation. We also observed a logistic trend between deacclimation rates and ambient temperature, referred to as the relative thermal contribution. Within an optimal temperature range, higher temperatures triggered higher deacclimation rates. However, changes in temperature have diminishing effects on deacclimation rates above and below that optimal range. Furthermore, deacclimation occurred at low temperatures, as low as 0°C. Relative thermal contribution can inform adjustments to base temperatures and patterns of temperature effects in models predicting phenological development and cold hardiness changes, especially for species that deacclimate at low temperatures. Finally, the effects of both chill unit accumulation and ambient temperature were combined in a predictive model that accurately describes deacclimation kinetics across the dormant period. Prolonged exposure to chilling temperature is needed to overcome endodormancy and the duration of endodormancy can be quantified as a chilling requirement. Research presented in Chapter 4 evaluated freezing temperature contribution towards endodormancy completion and aimed to determine chilling requirements for five cold-climate cultivars. We suspect freezing temperatures were effective in promoting endodormancy completion for hybrid grapevine cultivars. Therefore, chill models will need to be adapted to include freezing temperatures for more accurate estimation of chill requirements. Furthermore, we observed budbreak at a similar number of days and within the endodormancy threshold for buds exposed to different chill treatments, while their cold hardiness levels differed by approximately twofold. Cultivar-specific chilling requirements reported in this study do not represent an absolute chill requirement that is transferrable across regions or from year-to-year. Instead, estimated chill requirements likely represent a combination of traits involved in both dormancy status and deacclimation capacity. Therefore, future research that characterizes endodormancy completion should complement bud forcing assays with cold hardiness evaluation and/or deacclimation potential to verify dormancy status interpretations.

Download or read book Effects of Rootstock and Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth Yield Tissue Nitrogen Concentrations and Dormant Bud Cold Hardiness of Chardonnay Vitis Vinifera L Grapevines written by Tony Kenneth Wolf and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Masters Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plant Water Relations for Sustainable Agriculture written by Thorsten M. Knipfer and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-09-02 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluating the Effects of Vineyard Management Strategies on Cold Stress in Wine Grapes written by Maria Suk Smith and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold stress is among the major limiting factors for wine grape production in Pennsylvania. Post-budburst spring frost events and dormant mid-winter low temperatures can cause freeze injury of grapevine vegetative and reproductive tissues resulting in partial or total crop loss. Vineyard management practices, such as site and cultivar selection and crop load management, can impact vine susceptibility to freeze stress through avoidance or tolerance mechanisms. To understand how different practices influence vine susceptibility to freeze injury, it is crucial to analyze plant physiological adaptation and response mechanisms.Three studies utilizing young potted vines grown outdoor and mature vineyard plantings were conducted to evaluate the role of cultivar selection and crop load management in reducing the risk of freeze injury during the dormant season or post-budburst. Each study evaluated different aspects of vineyard practices and the relationship to freeze injury. In the first study, two Vitis species with different genetic parentage and mid-winter freeze tolerance were compared for hydraulic response and recovery to post-budburst freeze injury. Stem xylem anatomical traits of each species were measured to determine their role in vine response and recovery to freeze injury. The second and third studies compared a novel crop load management technique, early leaf removal (ELR), to a more traditional yield regulation practice, cluster thinning (CT), on two high-yielding cultivars, Vitis hybrid Chancellor and V. vinifera Grner Veltliner. In each of these two studies, the timing (Grner Veltliner; trace bloom versus fruit set) and intensity (Chancellor; low versus high) of ELR and CT were compared to an un-defoliated, un-thinned control. One of the objectives was to understand how manipulating vine crop load (i.e., carbohydrate source-sink ratio) would influence leaf photosynthetic capacity (Grner Veltliner) and overwinter starch concentration in storage tissues (Chancellor) and how those factors relate to bud winter freeze tolerance. Additionally, the impact of crop load management practices on commercially important production parameters, such yield components, fruit ripeness, wine composition and consumer sensory perception (Chancellor), and economic impacts were assessed. In the first study, short-term hydraulic response (within 48 hours) to a temperature-controlled post-budburst freeze stress differed by species. Species differences in stem xylem anatomical traits (e.g., vessel frequency, vessel grouping) supported the contrasting hydraulic response. The long-term seasonal recovery from freeze injury, however, was similar between species despite differences in anatomical traits. In the second and third study, ELR had a greater impact on bud freeze tolerance than CT only during vine acclimation in Grner Veltliner and during mid-winter in Chancellor; however, all crop load treatments positively influence starch concentration in perennial tissues. Furthermore, the vine response to ELR depended on the percentage of leaf area removed, which was higher in Chancellor than Grner Veltliner at the same phenological stage. Overall, our results pertaining to freeze injury suggest a continued need for exploring mechanisms behind vine response to vineyard management practices and vine traits that benefit response and recovery to cold stress.

Download or read book The Cold Hardiness and Fruitfulness of Concord Grapevines as Related to Cane Morphology and Late Season Source sink Relationships in the Vine written by Timothy Kenneth Mansfield and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Grape Rootstocks and Related Species written by Alireza Rahemi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-02 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers about 20 grape species that are vitally important in breeding programs and provide information on approximately 150 of the most familiar grape rootstocks in the world. Today, grape rootstocks play a fundamental role in resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and adaptation of grapevine to different environmental conditions, a factor that has opened commercial grape growing up to regions that might otherwise be overlooked. Grape rootstocks can be used for adaptation to a variety of soil conditions, including soil texture, depth, nutrient availability, pH, salinity, lime content, water availability (drought), and water drainage. Rootstocks can also be used to shift scion cultivar; the timing of various key phenological events and indirectly affects vineyard design. There are around 1500 grape rootstocks developed in the world, of which around 50 are commonly used as commercial rootstock. North American species account for around 30 species, and two-third of them have already been used for rootstock breeding at one time or another. However, the most commonly available rootstocks are derived from just three American species (V. berlandieri, V. rupestris, and V. riparia). Therefore, the most common grape rootstocks have a narrow genetic base, and efforts to extend the gene pools for breeding programs by using the other species are of ongoing importance to the industry and scientific community.

Download or read book Cold Hardiness of Vitis Vinifera Roots written by Eric John Gales and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plant Cold Hardiness written by Paul H. Li and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: th We compiled this volume mostly from presentations at the 6 International Plant Cold Hardiness Seminar (PCHS) after consulting with Professor Tony H. H. Chen, Oregon State University, USA, Professor Pekka Heino, University of Helsinki, Finland, th and Dr. Gareth J. Warren, University of London, Surrey, UK. The 6 International PCHS was held at the Unitas Congress Center, Helsinki, Finland from July 1-5, 2001. There were 110 registered scientists at the serttinar representing 20 countries: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Gennany, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, United Kingdom, and United States of America. The infonnation compiled represents the state of the art of research in phmt cold hardiness in tenns of gene regulation, gene expression, signal transduction, the physiology of cold hardiness and, ultimately, the genetic engineering for cold tolerant plants. The International PCHS was initiated in 1977 at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota. It has been traditionally held at 5-year intervals at various locations. th Because of the rapid advances of research in plant cold hardiness, attendees at the 6 meeting unanimously adopted a resolution to hold the seminar in 3-year intervals instead of 5 in the future. Consequently, the next seminar will be held in 2004 in Sapporo, Japan, and Professor Seizo Fujikawa from Hokkaido University will serve as the host.

Download or read book Cold Hardiness and Water Content During Deacclimation of Grapevine Bud and Cane Tissue written by Richard A. Hamman and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Winter Injury to Grapevines and Methods of Protection written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: