Download or read book Fertility Tables for Birth Cohorts by Color written by Robert L. Heuser and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Childlessness in Europe Contexts Causes and Consequences written by Michaela Kreyenfeld and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-11 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This open access book provides an overview of childlessness throughout Europe. It offers a collection of papers written by leading demographers and sociologists that examine contexts, causes, and consequences of childlessness in countries throughout the region.The book features data from all over Europe. It specifically highlights patterns of childlessness in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Finland, Sweden, Austria and Switzerland. An additional chapter on childlessness in the United States puts the European experience in perspective. The book offers readers such insights as the determinants of lifelong childlessness, whether governments can and should counteract increasing childlessness, how the phenomenon differs across social strata and the role economic uncertainties play. In addition, the book also examines life course dynamics and biographical patterns, assisted reproduction as well as the consequences of childlessness. Childlessness has been increasing rapidly in most European countries in recent decades. This book offers readers expert analysis into this issue from leading experts in the field of family behavior. From causes to consequences, it explores the many facets of childlessness throughout Europe to present a comprehensive portrait of this important demographic and sociological trend.
Download or read book Cohort Fertility written by Pascal Kidder Whelpton and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Childbearing Trends and Prospects in Low Fertility Countries written by Tomas Frejka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-30 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is a tour de force in cohort fertility analysis, a deep and powerful piece of work. It is a striking demonstration of the force of really detailed empirical analysis of excellent and comprehensive data, with the data looked at from every angle and judiciously extrapolated into the future. It represents a major contribution to our understanding of contemporary low fertility in Europe and other developed nations..." Thomas K. Burch, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
Download or read book On the Quantum and Tempo of Fertility written by John Bongaarts and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study offers a method for removing the effects of tempo distortions from the total fertility rate (TFR). The aim is to advance understanding of the level and trend of past fertility for generating better projections. Correcting for period effects is important due to the heavy reliance on TFR as a demographic measure. TFR is an average of the number of births a woman would have during her reproductive years (ages 15-49 years). TFR should reflect the changes in the timing of childbearing, the relationships between period and cohort measures, the nature and validity of period measures, and the extent to which fertility should include controls for age, parity, duration of marriage, or other demographic factors. Life table measures that standardize for parity or duration in parity do not address the distortions of changes in the timing of childbearing. A decline in the cohort size leads to changes in the mean age of childbearing that do not represent true tempo effects. The proposed method assumes fertility changes by period, duration since last birth, parity, and age, but not by cohort. It is calculated by dividing the observed TFR at each birth order by 1 minus the change in mean age at childbearing at order "i" during the year. Situations include where only births of order one occur, all women in every birth cohort have their first births at a single exact age, all births occur at equal intervals during the year, and all cohorts have the same number of women. The model is tested for the US and Taiwan. The method adjusts for the later age at childbearing and reveals close to replacement fertility in the 1970s and 1980s in the US.
Download or read book Cohort Analysis of Fertility written by and published by Ardent Media. This book was released on with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Estimates of Fertility and Population in the United States written by Ansley Johnson Coale and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-08 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Census decennial enumerations are utilized to achieve two useful estimates: (l) Annual series of estimates of births, birth rates, and fertility rates for the white population of the U.S. from 1855 to the present (the first set of data on an annual basis); (2) Adjusted single-year age distributions of native white population and estimated undercounts by five-year age groups for the white population for each census since 1880. Originally published in 1963. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book Distributional Aspects of Human Fertility written by Wolfgang Lutz and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From Death to Birth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-01-12 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last 35 years or so have witnessed a dramatic shift in the demography of many developing countries. Before 1960, there were substantial improvements in life expectancy, but fertility declines were very rare. Few people used modern contraceptives, and couples had large families. Since 1960, however, fertility rates have fallen in virtually every major geographic region of the world, for almost all political, social, and economic groups. What factors are responsible for the sharp decline in fertility? What role do child survival programs or family programs play in fertility declines? Casual observation suggests that a decline in infant and child mortality is the most important cause, but there is surprisingly little hard evidence for this conclusion. The papers in this volume explore the theoretical, methodological, and empirical dimensions of the fertility-mortality relationship. It includes several detailed case studies based on contemporary data from developing countries and on historical data from Europe and the United States.
Download or read book Period and Cohort Birth Order Statistics written by Great Britain. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Current Population Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How Long Do We Live written by Elisabetta Barbi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-21 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the debate on how best to measure period longevity. Leading experts in demography critically examine the existence of the tempo effect in mortality, present extensions and applications, and compare period and cohort longevity measures.
Download or read book Low Fertility Institutions and their Policies written by Ronald R. Rindfuss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines ten economically advanced countries in Europe and Asia that have experienced different levels of fertility decline. It offers readers a cross-country perspective on the causes and consequences of low birth rates and the different policy responses to this worrying trend. The countries examined are not only diverse geographically, historically, and culturally, but also have different policies and institutions in place. They include six very-low-fertility countries (Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and Taiwan) and four that have close to replacement-level fertility (United Kingdom, Norway, Canada, and France). Although fertility has gone down in all these countries over the past 50 years, the chapters examine the institutional, policy, and cultural factors that have led some countries to have much lower fertility rates than others. In addition, the final chapter provides a cross-country comparison of individual perceptions about obs tacles to fertility, based on survey data, and government support for families. This broad overview, along with a general introduction, helps put the specific country papers in context. As birth rates continue to decline, there is increasing concern about the fate of social welfare systems, including healthcare and programs for the elderly. This book will help readers to better understand the root causes of such problems with its insightful discussion on how a country’s institutions, policies, and culture shape fertility trends and levels.
Download or read book Cohort Fertility Over Time written by Norman Burston Ryder and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Fertility Impact of Changes in the Timing of Childbearing in the Developing World written by John Bongaarts and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantifying and Correcting Bias in Fertility Estimation from Complete Birth Histories written by Xie Rachel Kulikoff and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction Accurate and unbiased estimates of fertility are critical in creating population policy and evaluating maternal mortality ratio. In settings without the routine collection of vital statistics, fertility data often comes from complete birth histories, which can suffer from biases due to the passage of time, including recall bias--women forgetting their births--and selection bias--women who die having systematically different fertility than those who live to be surveyed. Comprehensive estimates of time-related bias using nationally representative surveys in multiple locations do not exist. Methods This paper develops a method to measure and correct for these biases using 299 complete birth history surveys. I calculate cohort fertility rates of the same cohort from different surveys with different recall periods, find the ratio of a reference cohort fertility rate from the survey with the lowest recall to each other estimated cohort fertility rate, and model the log ratio as a function of recall length, reference recall length, age, maternal mortality ratio, female adult age-specific mortality, and region. These ratios are then predicted as if the reference recall was 0 and applied to the raw cohort Age Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR) to get a value that is adjusted for bias. Results The cohort-recall specific estimates for each country of analysis showed considerable patterning across different recall periods. Predicted ratios of reference ASFR, with the lowest possible recall within a country, cohort, and age, to survey specific ASFR ranged between 0.66 for a three year recall of the 1948 birth cohort in Timor-Leste and 1.40 for a 26 year recall of the 1965 birth cohort also in Timor-Leste, with a mean and median of 0.98. The relationship between recall and the ratio varied by age. For younger ages, including 15-19 and 20-24 years, the model found an underestimation of fertility in relation to the reference with an increasing recall period; for older ages, including 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, and 40-44 years, the model found an overestimation of fertility in relation to the reference with an increasing recall period. Discussion This analysis represents the first systematic quantification and correction of fertility bias due to the passage of time. The results of this analysis suggest that selection bias due to differential fertility among those mothers who die and those who live to be surveyed contributes to the bias in fertility estimates. The application of the results could substantially increase the amount of data available to be used back in time if restrictions on recall are lifted. Limitations include the instability of the input data, the non-inclusion of age heaping and birth transference in analysis, and the focus on complete birth history methods to the exclusion of indirect methods. Additional work, including the development of alternate methods, is necessary to validate the results of this analysis. Supplementary Material Supplemental material includes graphs of cohort ASFR results for each country age survey.
Download or read book Doing Better for Families written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2011-04-27 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at the different ways in which governments support families.
