Download or read book Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders Convergence of preclinical and clinical evidence written by Ales Stuchlik and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-10-23 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and etc., represent a serious medical and socioeconomic problems. These diseases are often accompanied by impairments of cognitive function, e.g., abstract thinking, decision-making, attention, and several types of memory. Such deficits significantly disrupt quality of life and daily functioning of patients. Cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric diseases are associated with alterations of brain morphology and function, and are often resistant to therapeutic interventions. In schizophrenia and related disorders, cognitive deficits are also defined as endophenotypes, i.e. measurable phenotypes linking these disaeses with discrete heritable and reproducible traits. This points to the importance of elucidating these endophenotypes in translational studies. Animal models may not mimic the full spectrum of clinical symptoms, but may act as analogies of particular behaviors or other pathological outcomes. They are useful to search for the etiology of particular psychiatric illnesses and novel therapeutics. Moreover, several behavioral tests to measure cognitive performance in rodents and other species have been implemented. The primary focus of the present topic is to provide up-to-date information on cognitive deficits of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. This Research Topic also delineates future directions for translational studies aimed at developing novel treatments/interventions of cognitive disturbances.
Download or read book Cannabis written by Marco Colizzi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-02-05 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years, there has been increasing interest into the public health impact of cannabis use, especially by young adults. This follows the evidence of a growing prevalence of regular cannabis use worldwide, with approximately 200 million users. Recreational cannabis use, especially a frequent use of products with high levels of its main psychoactive ingredient delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9-THC), can cause dependence and have transient and long-lasting detrimental mental health effects, also negatively impacting cognitive processing and brain function and metabolism. In regular users, the development of tolerance to some of the effects of cannabis, especially the pleasurable ones, may lead to progressively heavier use in order to obtain the same effects in terms of their intensity, with higher health risks. However, the Cannabis Sativa plant contains different chemicals with different potential effects. In this regard, cannabidiol has gained interest because of its potential therapeutic properties, in line with evidence that CBD and Δ9-THC may exhibit opposite effects at the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), Δ9-THC being a partial agonist and CBD an antagonist/inverse agonist. Different cannabinoids may modulate human brain function and behavior in different ways, with different risk–benefit profiles.
Download or read book The Role of Immediate Early Genes in Neuropsychiatric Illness written by Amelia L. Gallitano and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-30 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Adenosine Receptors written by Pier Andrea Borea and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2018-07-28 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the history of adenosine receptor research from molecular biology to medicinal chemistry to behavior, including their implications in disease and potential strategies as therapeutic targets. It provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the adenosine receptors that includes information on all subtypes - A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Aspects addressed include the most up to date information on their functional distribution in the nervous and peripheral systems, behavioral roles in inflammation, cancer, pain and neurological diseases such as Huntington’s disease, Epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.
Download or read book Cognition in Schizophrenia written by Tonmoy Sharma and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although it has been known for 100 years that cognitive functioning is impaired in schizophrenia, the implications of this impairment have only recently been clearly understood. While in the past, cognitive deficits were thought to be the result of other aspects of the illness, such as poor co-operation, or as a result of the treatment of the illness, it is now known that these factors exert only a very minor influence on cognitive deficit. This book, with contributions from the major international names in the field, reviews the most recent research on the impairment of cognitive functioning in schizophrenia, covering: what it is, how wide-ranging it can be, what the clinical implications are, and how it can be treated? A detailed insight into cognitive deficit is the key to understanding why previous treatments have failed, and the key by which new treatments may change this terrible illness, treatments significantly more effective than earlier interventions.
Download or read book Secondary Schizophrenia written by Perminder S. Sachdev and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-04 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schizophrenia may not be a single disease, but the result of a diverse set of related conditions. Modern neuroscience is beginning to reveal some of the genetic and environmental underpinnings of schizophrenia; however, an approach less well travelled is to examine the medical disorders that produce symptoms resembling schizophrenia. This book is the first major attempt to bring together the diseases that produce what has been termed 'secondary schizophrenia'. International experts from diverse backgrounds ask the questions: does this medical disorder, or drug, or condition cause psychosis? If yes, does it resemble schizophrenia? What mechanisms form the basis of this relationship? What implications does this understanding have for aetiology and treatment? The answers are a feast for clinicians and researchers of psychosis and schizophrenia. They mark the next step in trying to meet the most important challenge to modern neuroscience – understanding and conquering this most mysterious of human diseases.
Download or read book Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia written by Philip D. Harvey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-24 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides state-of-the-art information about cognition in schizophrenia with a wide ranging focus on measuring and treating cognitive deficits.
Download or read book Schizophrenia and Psychotic Spectrum Disorders written by S. Charles Schulz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schizophrenia and Psychotic Spectrum Disorders aims to engage young caregivers in psychiatry, psychology, nursing and social work so that they will be able to become well informed about this significant--and at times confusing--illness. Because schizophrenia is considered to be one of the most complicated and severe psychiatric disorders, this book has the goal of summarizing key issues of the illness, such as its presentation, frequency and age of onset, and diagnostic characteristics. It also contains informative chapters about the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, ranging from brain development issues, genetics, and likely abnormalities in neurotransmitters. This book will give young professionals and those joining the field an excellent and accessible background to treatment. In this area, Schizophrenia and Psychotic Spectrum Disorders provides a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, treatment initiation, strategies for non-response, approaches of therapy, and importantly, ways to provide family therapy and support.
Download or read book Serotoninergic Neurons and 5 HT Receptors in the CNS written by H.G. Baumgarten and published by Springer. This book was released on 1997-08-14 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions by numerous experts
Download or read book Neuroimaging in Psychiatry written by Cynthia H. Y. Fu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New neuroimaging techniques are developing at a break neck pace-every academic journal contains glossy pictures of brain activity corresponding to a particular task emblazoned in glorious technicolor. Discoveries about brain function in psychiatric disorders have been made at an equally rapid rate. However, most books on the subject have been written from a technical point of view. An introductory, easy-to-read guide, Neuroimaging in Psychiatry provides an overview and the clinical relevance of the latest neuroimaging findings. With contributions from an international panel of experts, this book reviews current findings from neuroimaging in schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, eating disorders, psychopathy, aging, and drug addiction. Chapter authors explore innovative and imaginative uses of neuro imaging technology, implications for our understanding of these disorders, and their impact on clinical practice. The book gives you a general overview of the main techniques to help you successfully complete a neuroimaging project.
Download or read book Proteomics and Metabolomics in Psychiatry written by D. Martins-de-Souza and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2014-05-23 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication compiles data generated by proteomics and metabolomics about psychiatric disorders. Leading researchers in these fields review the basic principles of proteomics and metabolomics and propose the new directions to be followed in molecular psychiatry. The chapters divided into two sections – Schizophrenia/Psychotic Disorders and Mood Disorders – deal with findings in diverse tissues from human and preclinical models in order to unravel the biology and biochemistry behind the establishment and course of these illnesses as well as potential biomarkers for clinical applications. More than an update, this publication indicates the next steps to discover biomarkers and understand psychiatric disorders more comprehensively. This publication is valuable reading for psychiatrists, neuroscientists and analytical chemists interested in the basics of proteomics and metabolomics, psychiatric definitions and the most advanced hypotheses about the pathobiology of schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder.
Download or read book Sleep Deprivation Stimulant Medications and Cognition written by Nancy J. Wesensten and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-23 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a critical review of stimulant medication literature regarding stimulant efficacy for restoring/maintaining cognition during sleep loss.
Download or read book Modeling the Psychopathological Dimensions of Schizophrenia written by Mikhail Pletnikov and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-11-05 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling the Psychopathological Dimensions of Schizophrenia: From Molecules to Behavior is the first book to offer a comprehensive review of the new theoretical, clinical, and basic research framework that considers psychotic illness as a group of dimensional representations of psychopathology rather than as traditional distinct categorical diagnoses. Psychotic illness, typified by schizophrenia, is a devastating condition increasingly recognized as a disorder of abnormal brain development and dysconnectivity. Its complex etiology involves both genetic and environmental factors, as well as the interplay among them. This book describes the current understanding of the clinical and pathological features of schizophrenia, with a particular focus on the evolving conceptualization of schizophrenia and related diagnostic categories of psychotic illness as combinations of dimensional abnormalities. It provides an overview of modern strategies for generating cellular and whole animal models of schizophrenia as well as detailed reviews of the specific experimental preparations and paradigms aimed at molecular, developmental, and brain-network mechanisms that are the underlying aspects of abnormal behavior and various aspects of schizophrenia. This groundbreaking book is an authoritative overview of the translational impact of emerging clinical insights on basic research approaches in schizophrenia that will advance the reader’s understanding of the five major dimensions of psychopathology in schizophrenia and related psychoses and resolve the genetic and neurobiological underpinnings of these dimensions. Includes reviews of animal models that capture the most recent insights into the etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms of schizophrenia, with an emphasis on the translational potential of these models Contains a series of reviews of recently available cellular models for analysis of signaling pathways and gene expression, which complement behavioral neuroscience research in schizophrenia Edited and authored by leading researchers in the field of schizophrenia and related psychoses
Download or read book Recent Advances in Psychiatry from Psycho Neuro Immunology Research Autoimmunencephalitis Autoimmune Encephalopathy Mild Encephalitis written by Karl Bechter and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-08-12 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing evidence derived from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), neuropathological, imaging, genetic, and epidemiological studies link neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation to a subset of individuals with a variety of severe mental disorders (SMDs), including affective and non-affective psychotic disorders. Further, the recent discoveries of neuronal surface antibodies (NSAs) in autoimmune encephalitis (AE) presenting with diverse neuropsychiatric disorders such as psychosis and cognitive decline, among many others, provides further support to the notion that CNS autoimmunity and neuroinflammation can contribute to the neurobiology of psychiatric disturbances. Further, these immune mechanisms may contribute to a subset of patients currently diagnosed as having treatment-resistant SMDs such as schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Additionally, mounting data indicate that various infections can serve as an immunological trigger of aberrant immune responses, presumably by causing release of excess neural antigen, thereby giving rise to NSAs or aberrant immune cellular responses to give rise to primary or secondary psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and those associated with AE, respectively. Collectively, these findings support the “mild encephalitis” hypothesis of SMD. The significant overlap among AE-associated psychosis, systemic autoimmune disorder-associated psychosis, and psychotic disorders associated with pathological processes involving inflammation and immune dysregulation has also prompted some authors to adopt the term “autoimmune psychosis” (AP). This term reflects that this psychosis subtype is mechanistically linked to complex neuroimmune and inflammatory signalling abnormalities that can be responsive to early immunomodulatory treatment. It also suggests that a subset of AP might represent an incomplete or “forme fruste” subtype of AE presenting with dominant or pure psychiatric symptoms mimicking primary psychiatric illnesses. Because data indicate that delayed diagnosis and treatment may lead to permanent sequelae, early recognition of AP utilizing neurodiagnostic workup (e.g., CSF analysis, neuroimaging, and EEG) and its early treatment with appropriate immunotherapy are paramount to a meaningful recovery. This eBook will provide an overview of the current knowledge and research areas from epidemiology, risk factors and diagnosis to the management of these conditions, in this rapidly emerging field, helping to bridge the gaps in knowledge that currently exist in the disciplines of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neuroimmunology.
Download or read book Neuropsychotherapeutics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuropsychotherapeutics, Volume 86, the newest volume in the Advances in Pharmacology series, presents a variety of chapters from the best authors in the field, with this updated edition including sections on Pharmacotherapy of psychiatric disorders, Allosteric mechanisms for neuropsychopharmacology, Lipid rafts, Rapid-acting antidepressants, mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists, Nitric oxide: antidepressant mechanisms and inflammation, Anxiety disorders, mGlu receptors and schizophrenia, mAChR ligands for schizophrenia and addiction, PDE10 inhibitors, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Addiction disorders (including eating), Dopamine D1 PAMs as a New Mode for Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and more.
Download or read book Biomarkers in Psychiatry written by Judith Pratt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-05 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses one of the Holy Grails in Psychiatry, namely the evidence for and potential to adopt ‘Biomarkers’ for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment responses in mental health conditions. It meshes together state of the art research from international renowned pre-clinical and clinical scientists to illustrate how the fields of anxiety disorders, depression, psychotic disorders, and autism spectrum disorder have advanced in recent years.
Download or read book Neurogenesis and Neural Plasticity written by Catherine Belzung and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together authors working on a wide range of topics to provide an up to date account of the underlying mechanisms and functions of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the adult brain. With an increasing understanding of the role of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis it is possible to envisage improvements or novel treatments for a number of diseases and the possibility of harnessing these phenomena to reduce the impact of ageing and to provide mechanisms to repair the brain.
