Download or read book Coding of Sound Motion in the Rat Auditory Cortex written by Daryl Ebling Doan and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encoding of Sound Shape in Rat Auditory Cortex written by Ahmad Osman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mammals discriminate temporal “shape†cues in speech and other sounds but the underlying neural pathways and mechanisms remain a mystery. Shape cues include the rising and falling slopes and the duration of change in the sound envelope amplitude over time and are critical for sound perception. The auditory cortices are essential for behavioral discrimination of temporal cues and yet the neural mechanisms underlying this ability remain unknown. Primary (A1) and ventral non-primary auditory cortical fields (VAF SRAF) are physiologically and anatomically organized and specialized to represent distinct spectral and spatial cues in sound. The current study investigates cortical field differences for encoding envelope shape in sound. In the present study, we ask whether A1, VAF and SRAF could utilize spike rate, distinct temporal spiking patterns, including onset and sustained components, to discriminate sound shape. To address these questions we computed a discrimination index based on the spike distance metric. We find response durations and optimal time constants for discriminating sound shape increase in rank order with: A1
Download or read book Encoding of Shape and Repetition Rate in the Rat Auditory Cortex written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Speech Sound Coding and Training induced Plasticity in Primary Auditory Cortex written by Crystal Tasha Engineer and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is important to understand how the human brain processes speech sounds in order to lead to perception. fMRI and EEG studies have shown that certain cortical regions are activated after hearing speech, but these techniques lack the temporal and spatial precision necessary to document the unique pattern of activation evoked by each speech sound. Previous studies have shown that the primary auditory cortex (A1) pattern of activity evoked in response to speech sounds is altered by the temporal features of the sound. In this study, we show that rats' (Rattus norvegicus) behavioral performance on consonant discrimination tasks is similar in key respects to human performance, and can be predicted from the spatiotemporal pattern of rat A1 activity when temporal information is maintained. When temporal information is ignored and the mean firing rate is used, behavioral performance cannot be predicted as accurately. We also document the ability of rats to categorize speech sounds by voicing or gender on the first day of training. This categorization ability is also predicted by the spatiotemporal pattern of A1 activity. Finally, we show that training on multiple speech discrimination tasks increases the proportion of neurons responding to low frequency tones, the threshold of A1 neurons, the response strength to tones, the receptive field size, and response latencies. Passive exposure to speech sounds increases the proportion of neurons responding to high frequency tones, and decreases the threshold of A1 neurons and response latencies. These results indicate that training on multiple speech tasks does not result in stimulus specific response enhancement in primary auditory cortex, but instead, results in generalized enhancement of untrained sounds following speech training. This result suggests that non-primary or higher cortical areas, as opposed to A1, may exhibit stimulus specificity after speech sound training.
Download or read book Development of Complex Sound Representations in the Primary Auditory Cortex written by Michele Nerissa Insanally and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of complex sound representations in the primary auditory cortex by Michele Nerissa Insanally Doctor of Philosophy in Neuroscience University of California, Berkeley Professor Shaowen Bao, PhD., Chair The brain has a tremendous ability to change as a result of experience; this property is known as plasticity. Our mastery of soccer, rhetoric, agriculture and instrumentation are all learned skills that require experience. While the brain is plastic throughout life, during early development, the brain demonstrates a heightened sensitivity to experience. This unique epoch during development in which the brain is particularly susceptible to change is called a critical period. During the critical period, sensory experience results in significant modifications in structure and function. The set of studies described in this dissertation aim to investigate how complex sound representation develops during the critical period in the rat primary auditory cortex. Previous examinations of the critical period in the auditory cortex have typically used simple tonal stimuli. Repeated exposure of rat pups to a tone, for instance, has been shown to selectively enlarge cortical representation of the tone and alter perceptual behaviors. However, probing cortical plasticity with a single-frequency tone might not reveal the full complexity and dynamics of critical period plasticity. After all, natural, biologically important sounds are generally complex with respect to their spectrotemporal properties. Natural sounds often have frequencies that vary in time and amplitude modulation. Psychophysical studies indicate that early experience of complex sounds has a profound impact on auditory perception and perceptual behaviors. Experience with speech, for instance, shapes language-specific phonemic perception, enhancing perceptual contrasts of native speech sounds and reducing perceptual contrasts of some foreign speech sounds. At the electrophysiological level, auditory cortical neurons preferentially respond to certain complex sounds, such as species-specific animal vocalizations. It is unclear how such selectivity for a complex sound emerges, and whether it is innate or shaped by early experience. In order to address this question, we exposed rat pups to a frequency-modulated (FM) sweep in different time windows during early development, and examined the effects of such sensory experience on sound representations in the primary auditory cortex (AI). We found that early exposure to an FM sound resulted in altered characteristic frequency representations and broadened spectral tuning in AI neurons. In contrast, later exposure to the same sound only led to greater selectivity for the sweep rate and direction of the experienced FM sound. These results indicate that cortical representations of different acoustic features are shaped by complex sounds in a series of distinct critical periods. Next, we confirmed this model of brain development in a set of experiments that examine how exposure to noise affects these various critical periods. We examined the influence of pulsed noise experience on the development of sound representations in AI. In naïve animals, FM sweep direction selectivity depends on the characteristic frequency (CF) of the neuron--low CF neurons tend to select for upward sweeps and high CF neurons for downward sweeps. Such a CF dependence was not observed in animals that had received weeklong exposure to pulsed noise in periods from postnatal day 8 (P8) to P15 or from P24 to P39. In addition, AI tonotopicity, tuning bandwidth, intensity threshold, tone-responsiveness, and sweep response magnitude were differentially affected by the noise experience depending on the exposure time windows. These results are consistent with previous findings of feature-dependent multiple sensitive periods. The different effects induced here by pulsed noise and previously by FM sweeps further indicate that plasticity in cortical complex sound representations is specific to the sensory input. Identifying how the developing brain processes sensory information provides a foundation for understanding more complex behaviors. These results advance our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms underlying sensory development and language learning. Specifically, they elucidate the age-dependent effects of complex sound exposure on spectral tuning and complex sound representation in the rat primary auditory cortex. In addition, they provide a foundation for subsequent studies investigating the neural basis of language development.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological Psychoacoustics written by John Neuhoff and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Ecological Psychoacoustics" outlines recent advances in dynamic, cognitive, and ecological investigations of auditory perception and ties this work to findings in more traditional areas of psychoacoustics. The book illuminates some of the converging evidence that is beginning to emerge from these traditionally divergent fields, providing a scientifically rigorous, "real world" perspective on auditory perception, cognition, and action. In a natural listening environment almost all sounds are dynamic, complex, and heard concurrently with other sounds. Yet, historically, traditional psychoacoustics has examined the perception of static, impoverished stimuli presented in isolation. "Ecological Psychoacoustics" examines recent work that challenges some of the traditional ideas about auditory perception that were established with these impoverished stimuli and provides a focused look at the perceptual processes that are more likely to occur in natural settings. It examines basic psychoacoustics from a more cognitive and ecological perspective. It provides broad coverage including both basic and applied research in auditory perception; and coherence and cross referencing among chapters.
Download or read book Sound Processing in the Auditory Cortex of Rats During Sensory Decision Making written by Elena Gronskaya and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Temporal Processing in Primate Auditory Cortex written by Daniel Bendor and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cornerstone of the human auditory system is its ability to recognize and appreciate music and speech. At its most basic level, music is made up of melodies and rhythms, which are the relative changes in pitch and temporal rates, respectively, for a series of musical notes. Speech is also composed of sequences of different pitches and temporal rates, however pitch changes carry prosody information (for non-tonal languages), while semantic information in contained in the temporal rate. How is an acoustic signal's temporal rate and pitch encoded in the auditory system? For my dissertation, I have investigated the neural coding of a sound's temporal properties by single neurons in the auditory cortex of the marmoset.
Download or read book The Auditory Cortex written by Jeffery A. Winer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.
Download or read book Distinct Temporal and Special Components of Developmental Plasticity in Rat Auditory Cortex written by Theodore M. Moallem and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrative Functions in the Mammalian Auditory Pathway written by Donata Oertel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A summary of how the electrical signals used to represent sounds are encoded and interpreted through the integrated roles of various nuclei. This volume builds on the information about the anatomy and physiology of the auditory pathway found in volumes 1 and 2 of the SHAR series. While the first two volumes describe the structure and function of auditory pathways, this one explains how these pathways lead to an animal's ability to localize and interpret sounds.
Download or read book Modelling the Neural Coding of Natural Sounds in the Auditory Cortex written by Monzilur Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Representation of the Interaural Level Difference Cue in Auditory Cortex of the Rat written by Nathan C. Higgins and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Auditory Neuroscience written by Jan Schnupp and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-08-17 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated overview of hearing and the interplay of physical, biological, and psychological processes underlying it. Every time we listen—to speech, to music, to footsteps approaching or retreating—our auditory perception is the result of a long chain of diverse and intricate processes that unfold within the source of the sound itself, in the air, in our ears, and, most of all, in our brains. Hearing is an "everyday miracle" that, despite its staggering complexity, seems effortless. This book offers an integrated account of hearing in terms of the neural processes that take place in different parts of the auditory system. Because hearing results from the interplay of so many physical, biological, and psychological processes, the book pulls together the different aspects of hearing—including acoustics, the mathematics of signal processing, the physiology of the ear and central auditory pathways, psychoacoustics, speech, and music—into a coherent whole.
Download or read book Acoustical Signal Processing in the Central Auditory System written by Josef Syka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The symposium on Acoustical Signal Processing in the Central Auditory System which was held in Prague on September 4--7, 1996 was the third in a series organized in Prague, after the Neuronal Mechanisms of Hearing symposium in 1980 and Auditory Pathway - Structure and Function symposium in 1987. Approximately 100 scientists regis tered for the symposium and presented 82 separate papers and posters. The present vol ume contains 53 of these contributions, mostly presented at the symposium as invited review papers. Several essential changes occurred since the previous meeting in 1987. In auditory neuroscience, recently developed methods opened new horizons in the investigation of the structure and function of the central auditory pathway. Methods like c-fos tracing tech niques and monoclonal antibodies for neurotransmitters and their receptors, like the intro duction of electrophysiological recording from brain slices have made possible new insights into the function of individual neurons and their interconnections, particularly in the cochlear nuclei and in the superior olivary complex. Integrative approaches towards understanding the central auditory function started to dominate in the field. It is not easy at the present time to differentiate between purely morphological and neurochemical ap proaches; similarly electrophysiological approaches are accompanied inevitably by behav ioral and psychophysical studies. The understanding of human brain function advanced significantly during the last several years. mainly due to the contribution of magneto encephalography. positron emission tomography and functional nuclear magnetic reso nance imaging.
