Download or read book Coalbed Methane Produced Water Management Guide Treatment and Discharge to Surface Waters written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coalbed Methane Produced Water Management Guide Treatment and Disposal to Surface Water Black Warrior Basin Alabama written by H. A. Davis and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To assist coalbed methane operators in the Black Warrior Basin of Alabama in their efforts to manage produced waters in an environmentally acceptable manner by evaluating the performance of the produced water management systems currently in use and documenting these findings in a produced water management guide for treatment and discharge to surface waters.
Download or read book Management and Effects of Coalbed Methane Produced Water in the Western United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In some coalbeds, naturally occurring water pressure holds methane-the main component of natural gas-fixed to coal surfaces and within the coal. In a coalbed methane (CBM) well, pumping water from the coalbeds lowers this pressure, facilitating the release of methane from the coal for extraction and use as an energy source. Water pumped from coalbeds during this process-CBM 'produced water'-is managed through some combination of treatment, disposal, storage, or use, subject to compliance with federal and state regulations. CBM produced water management can be challenging for regulatory agencies, CBM well operators, water treatment companies, policy makers, landowners, and the public because of differences in the quality and quantity of produced water; available infrastructure; costs to treat, store, and transport produced water; and states' legal consideration of water and produced water. Some states consider produced water as waste, whereas others consider it a beneficial byproduct of methane production. Thus, although current technologies allow CBM produced water to be treated to any desired water quality, the majority of CBM produced water is presently being disposed of at least cost rather than put to beneficial use. This book specifically examines the Powder River, San Juan, Raton, Piceance, and Uinta CBM basins in the states of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. The conclusions and recommendations identify gaps in data and information, potential beneficial uses of CBM produced water and associated costs, and challenges in the existing regulatory framework.
Download or read book Regulatory Issues Affecting Management of Produced Water from Coal Bed Methane Wells written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal bed methane (CBM) wells are being developed in increasing numbers throughout the United States. These are wells that are drilled into coal seams to withdraw ground water (produced water) to reduce the hydrostatic pressure on the coal seam. The reduced pressure allows methane gas to migrate to the well bore where it moves to the surface and is collected. Where possible, operators prefer to discharge the produced water into nearby streams, rivers, or other surface water bodies. Depending on the chemical characteristics of the produced water, different levels of treatment are applied to the produced water before discharge. In some locations, produced water cannot be discharged and is injected, reused, or evaporated. Although the CBM industry is producing ''natural'' gas, such gas may not necessarily be covered under the existing national regulations for discharges from the oil and gas industry. This paper describes the existing national discharge regulations, the ways in which CBM produced water is currently being managed, the current CBM discharge permitting practices, and how these options might change as the volume of produced water increases because of the many new wells being developed.
Download or read book Development of an Instream Bioassessment Methodology for the Surface Disposal of Coalbed Methane Produced Waters written by Patrick E. O'Neil and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate an instream monitoring methodology for the disposal of produced waters within guidelines of the water quality-based approach for the discharge of effluents. The methodology was developed using produced waters derived from the production of methane from coal seams in Alabama. Research efforts during 1991 focused on development and testing of an instream bioassessment procedure to be used for determining if discharged produced water effluents cause biological impairment within the receiving stream. Development of this particular procedure is important because regulations governing effluents are becoming more protective of the total instream environment, as opposed to strictly water quality, and methods are being proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for use by industry and the states to this end. The bioassessment procedure outlined in this paper documents a sampling methodology that can be followed to determine if a discharged effluent is having a statistically significant effect on the structure of benthic macroinvertebrate communities downstream of a permitted discharge point. Data are presented developing the theoretical basis of the sampling procedure along with the results of two field investigations which applied the bioassessment methodology to permitted water discharges.
Download or read book Technical support document for the 2004 effluent guidelines program plan written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of the Surface Discharge of Coalbed Methane Produced Water on Water Quality and Macroinvertebrate Community of Structure in Headwater Streams of the Raton Basin Colorado USA written by Stephanie (Keli) Kringel and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coalbed methane (CBM) is a type of natural gas produced from coal beds, and its extraction brings massive quantities of water from coal formations to the surface. CBM produced water is elevated in salinity and sodicity and can also contain heavy metals, trace elements, and organic compounds, all of which can be harmful to aquatic life. Discharge of produced water directly into streams is permitted in some CBM basins and has been occurring in the semi-arid Raton Basin of southern Colorado since the 1990s. Field studies assessing the impacts of this type of discharge on stream ecosystems have been few and have yielded equivocal results, and none have been conducted in the Raton Basin. The effects of the surface discharge of CBM produced water on the health of small headwater streams in a 30,000-acre State Wildlife Area in the Purgatoire River watershed of Las Animas County, Colorado were studied. Ten contaminated streams (below discharge points) and six comparable reference streams (having no discharge) were sampled and analyzed for differences in macroinvertebrate community structure and water quality. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordinations showed significant separation in both water quality and community structure between the two stream types. Based on their concentrations and published regulatory/safe levels, the water quality parameters of concern in the produced water streams were determined to be: alkalinity, conductivity, chloride, pH, fluoride, aluminum, iron, temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Reduced calcium and magnesium were also of concern. The biodiversity metrics Taxa Richness, EPT Richness, and Shannon-Wiener Diversity were all significantly lower in the produced water streams than the natural streams. Also, the Top 5 Taxa Percent was significantly higher, indicating lower diversity due to unevenness. The Colorado Macroinvertebrate Multimetric Index (MMI) did not differ between the two stream types, however. Stoneflies and oligochaetes were significantly reduced in both taxa richness and relative abundance in the produced water streams. Mayflies and caddisflies showed significantly decreased richness but unchanged relative abundance levels, due to certain tolerant taxa proliferating in the produced water streams. The variables showing the strongest correlation to biodiversity and community composition were calcium, SAR, and magnesium, with calcium appearing to have a protective effect on the communities. Though CBM produced water may not be as deleterious to aquatic life as other oil and gas produced waters, and although it is not regulated by EPA effluent guidelines, the present study shows that CBM produced water discharge can have significant and possibly long-lasting effects on small intermittent/ephemeral receiving streams.
Download or read book Coalbed Methane Procduced Water Treatment Using Gas Hydrate Formation at the Wellhead written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water associated with coalbed methane (CBM) production is a significant and costly process waste stream, and economic treatment and/or disposal of this water is often the key to successful and profitable CBM development. In the past decade, advances have been made in the treatment of CBM produced water. However, produced water generally must be transported in some fashion to a centralized treatment and/or disposal facility. The cost of transporting this water, whether through the development of a water distribution system or by truck, is often greater than the cost of treatment or disposal. To address this economic issue, BC Technologies (BCT), in collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and International Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC), proposed developing a mechanical unit that could be used to treat CBM produced water by forming gas hydrates at the wellhead. This process involves creating a gas hydrate, washing it and then disassociating hydrate into water and gas molecules. The application of this technology results in three process streams: purified water, brine, and gas. The purified water can be discharged or reused for a variety of beneficial purposes and the smaller brine can be disposed of using conventional strategies. The overall objectives of this research are to develop a new treatment method for produced water where it could be purified directly at the wellhead, to determine the effectiveness of hydrate formation for the treatment of produced water with proof of concept laboratory experiments, to design a prototype-scale injector and test it in the laboratory under realistic wellhead conditions, and to demonstrate the technology under field conditions. By treating the water on-site, producers could substantially reduce their surface handling costs and economically remove impurities to a quality that would support beneficial use. Batch bench-scale experiments of the hydrate formation process and research conducted at ORNL confirmed the feasibility of the process. However, researchers at BCT were unable to develop equipment suitable for continuous operation and demonstration of the process in the field was not attempted. The significant achievements of the research area: Bench-scale batch results using carbon dioxide indicate>40% of the feed water to the hydrate formation reactor was converted to hydrate in a single pass; The batch results also indicate>23% of the feed water to the hydrate formation reactor (>50% of the hydrate formed) was converted to purified water of a quality suitable for discharge; Continuous discharge and collection of hydrates was achieved at atmospheric pressure. Continuous hydrate formation and collection at atmospheric conditions was the most significant achievement and preliminary economics indicate that if the unit could be made operable, it is potentially economic. However, the inability to continuously separate the hydrate melt fraction left the concept not ready for field demonstration and the project was terminated after Phase Two research.
Download or read book A Guide to Coalbed Methane Operations written by Vicki A. Hollub and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coal Bed Methane Resources and Produced Water Management written by National Energy Technology Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 2003* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Issues and Solutions in Petroleum Exploration Production and Refining written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewater written by Frank R. Spellman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-05-08 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a balanced discussion about the wastewater generated by hydraulic fracturing operations, and how to manage it. It includes an in-depth discussion of the hydraulic fracturing process, the resulting water cycle, and the potential risks to groundwater, soil, and air. The “fracking” process involves numerous chemicals that could potentially harm human health and the environment, especially if they enter and contaminate drinking water supplies. Treatment, reuse, and disposal options are the focus, and several case studies will be presented. The book also discusses the issues of the large amounts of water required for drilling operations, the impacts on water-sensitive regions.
Download or read book Environmental Issues and Solutions in Petroleum Exploration Production and Refining written by Kerry L. Sublette and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coal Bed Methane produced Water written by James R. Kuipers and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Water Energy Nexus in the American West written by Douglas S. Kenney and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nexus between water and energy raises a set of public policy questions that go far beyond water and energy. Economic vitality and management of scarce and precious resources are at stake. This book contributes to the body of knowledge and understanding regarding water, energy, and the links between the two in the American West and beyond. The research and analyses presented by the authors shed new light on the choices that must be made in order to avoid unnecessary harm in the development and management of water and energy systems to meet public needs in an ever changing environmental and economic climate. Indeed, the book shows, thoughtfully designed new technologies and approaches can help restore damaged environments and provide a range of benefits. The focus is the American West, but many of the lessons are global in their applicability. After a broad, stage-setting introductory section, the volume looks first at the use of water for energy production and then follows with chapters on the role of energy in water projects. The final section looks at the way forward, providing cases and recommendations for better, more efficient linkages in the water–energy nexus. Students and researchers in economics, public policy, environmental studies and law along with planners and policymakers will find this accessible and very current volume invaluable.
