Download or read book Coagulation and Disinfection By products Formation Potential of Dissolved Organic Matter Fractions written by Neeraj S. Pipada and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both the proposed United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Disinfectants- Disinfection By-Products and Enhanced Surface Water Treatment rules have provisions for minimizing the formation of undesirable precursors of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water Natural Organic Matter (NOM) contains many of the precursors to the DBPs formed following disinfection of drinking water. DAX-8 resin procedures were used to isolate and fractionate NOM into six dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions; Hydrophobic acid (FA), base (FB), neutral (FN), and hydrophilic acid (PA), base (PB) and neutral (PN). Aluminum sulfate (alum) jar coagulation tests were performed to determine the optimum coagulation ranges of each fraction. Different levels of pH, fraction concentrations, and coagulant levels were used in the experiments. Trihalomethane formation potential tests were performed on all the samples to check the removal of DBP precursors. Given the reactivities of the individual fractions to the formation of selected DBPs (i.e. trihalomethanes, halo acetonitriles, haloacetic acids), one can optimize on the removal of specific problematic fractions. Hence, if minimization of DBP formation was solely due to specific removal of precursors, microbial inactivation issues would be resolved due to the fact that CT may be increased without an increase in DBP formation.

Download or read book Fate of Natural Organic Matter and Formation of Disinfection By products in a Conventional Water Treatment Plant written by Noha Hesham Abdel Halim and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Elevated levels of disinfection by-products (DBPs), detected in Cairo residential water supply during the past decade, were the motivation to study the process of DBP formation at the water treatment plant (WTP) stage. It is hoped that an in-depth understanding of natural organic matter (NOM) characteristics and DBP formation/removal in an existing WTP will yield a baseline as well as insights for the development of optimum strategies for cost-effective reduction of potentially harmful drinking water compounds such as Trihalomethanes (THMs) and Haloacetic acid (HAAs). The objectives of this research were to: investigate the degree of removal of the various NOM fractions in conventional WTPs and identify the factors that may possibly enhance their removal; and investigate the levels of formed DBPs within conventional WTPs when pre-chlorination and post-chlorination are applied. Water samples were collected from El-Fustat WTP in Cairo from 4 different points along the treatment process and covering the four different seasons of a year. NOM was quantified by classical surrogate parameters such as total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and ultraviolet absorbance (UVA254); and characterized more precisely according to its hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties using resin fractionation. THMs, HAAs and other water quality analyses were conducted for all collected samples. Measurements of NOM fractions following each treatment unit indicate that the hydrophobic fraction is significantly removed by the coagulation/flocculation/ sedimentation processes (56% to 13% in the various seasons) whereas the transphilic, and hydrophilic fractions were removed to much lower degree (51% to 10%) and (15% to 4%), respectively. The hydrophobic fraction had formed flocs with the added alum more than the other two fractions. No further removal of NOM takes place in rapid sand filtration or post-chlorination units. Although the THMs values recorded for the entire study were complying with the Egyptian guidelines, it is not guaranteed that tap concentrations will comply to the guidelines limits. This is because THM/THMFP does not exceed 39%, leaving room for 61% to be reacted in pipe lines and storage tanks until it reaches the customers taps. In addition, HAAs concentrations at the plant effluent were much higher than the regulating limits, alarming the WTP to exert more effort to reduce THMs, and HAAs values. On an attempt to identify the relative importance of NOM fractions in THMs formation, the measured values of the THMs were regressed to each NOM fraction and the coefficient of determination (R2) was calculated. Results showed that unlike hydrophobic fraction and transphilic fractions (R2 = 0.01, 0.14), respectively, hydrophilic NOM fractions are consistently most responsible for THM and HAAs production at the plant effluent (R2 = 0.77, 0.62. Although, hydrophilic fraction was the main contributor to THMs and HAAs formation in El-Fustat WTP; coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation could not successfully remove it during treatment. Accordingly, the processes of coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation/filtration are not guaranteed to be useful in decreasing the DBPs levels. El-Fustat WTP does not technically implement "Enhanced Coagulation"; however, initial results from this study shows that the hydrophillic DOC fraction is less likely to be removed during Enhanced Coagulation but the major DOC contributor to DBPs formation. Future work should test this hypothesis through a bigger and wider sample size. Free chlorine concentrations are responsible for the high THM levels at the plant effluent, which implies its responsibility on THMs formed in the plant and the formation potential in distribution pipelines. Therefore, reducing the chlorine doses as much as possible to reach zero free chlorine before post-chlorination and the minimum acceptable free chlorine residual for secondary disinfection is going to reduce the THMs and HAAs levels substantially.

Download or read book Finite Fraction Method for Tracking Desinfection By product Precursors in Water Treatment written by Doanh Van and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) has been the subject of recent regulatory activities and agenda. Among them are the Infonnation Collection Rule (ICR), the Disinfectants/Disinfection By-Product Rule (D/DBPR) and the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (ESWTR). Both the latter two have provisions to limit the formation of disinfection by-products (DBP) by controlling reactivity and removal of DOM or both. Brief regulatory review of these rules was given. Although the topic of DBP formation potential and DBP precursor removal have been studied by many researchers since Rooks (1974), the efficacy of methods that have been developed to date has been handicapped by the notion that DBP precursors can be, and have been, represented by the surrogate parameter TOC, which is aggregate in nature. To contribute to the current knowledge concerning DBP precursors and their formation potential, the objectives of this research were to develop a rapid method for the identification of DBP precursors, establish a DBP formation potential database and correlations, and develop computer codes to be used as a toolkit to facilitate the investigation of DBP precursors and formation potential. In this research, finite fraction method (FEM) was used to isolate and fractionate DOM from locations within three water treatment plants (WTP) which draw water from two different sourcewaters in north and central New Jersey. A resin adsorption method was used to fractionate and isolate six fractions. Operationally, these fractions were termed: hydrophobic acid, hydrophobic neutral, hydrophobic base, hydrophilic acid, hydrophilic neutral and hydrophilic base. Fraction mass balance confirmed the effectiveness of the method. Each fraction was subjected to a 7-day chlorine disinfection by-product (DBP) formation potential test at standard condition of pH 7 and temperature of 25 dog. C. Results showed that all fractions are DBP precursors and that each fraction has different reactivity levels to the formation of the three classes of DBPs which are trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetonitriles (HANs) and haloacetic acids (HAM). The hydrophilic acid and hydrophobic neutral fractions were found to be the most problematic precursors to the formation of THM and HAA DBPs, respectively. Spectral Fluorescent Signature (SFS) is a process of subjecting each reasonably finite component (or fraction) of DOM to fluorescence scanning to produce unique spectral fluorescent characteristic of signature (hence the term SFS). SES method was investigated and developed to rapidly identify the various fractions of DOM. It was found that (1) each fl-action fluoresces uniquely in certain region of the 3-D spectrum, (2) the fraction identification was a function of the fluorescent intensity, the slope of fluorescence peak and the area under the peak spectrum. In fact, it was found that the product of the spectral slope and the spectral area establishes a shape factor (SF) that is unique to give the fraction an identifiable digital signature. Computer codes were developed using graphical user interface (GUI) features to facilitate rapid identification of DUP precursors and computation of the corresponding formation potential by iterative method in searching the databases. Method validation was conducted. Good correlations were achieved. The variation of each DBP precursor throughout the treatment train of the water treatment plant was also examined to provide insight into the effectiveness of the unit operation with regard to the removal of the precursor. For most precursors, coagulation and sedimentation units appeared to be most effective in the removal. For the problematic precursors however, such unit processes did not seem to be as effective.

Download or read book Natural Organic Matter and Disinfection By products Characterization and Control in Drinking Water written by Sylvia E. Barrett and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many by-products of water disinfection that are still not fully understood and can be potentially harmful. In this volume all the current research in this area is discussed, along with an examination of the role of NOM (natural organic matter) and its relationship to DBP (disinfection by-product) formation and control in drinking water. Understanding the relationship of NOM to DBP may well lead to new techniques for analyzing and treating water and enable reasonable choices to be made for source-water protection, treatment plant process optimization, and distribution system operation to control DBP's. This volume emphasizes the characterization and reactivity of polar natural organic matter. It examines analytical methods which better characterize NOM and determines some of the polar and nonvolatile DBP forms. It presents innovative new methods, sich as capillary electrophoresis for haloacetic aceids and LC/MS for the identification of polar dinking water DBPs.

Download or read book Municipalities Addressing Climate Change written by Ilan Kelman and published by Novinka Books. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World is changing rapidly - technologically, socially, and environmentally. One of the main challenges is climate change which is accompanied by an explosion of scientific and policy material. This title provides 'usable science' based on cutting edge research regarding the impact of climate change on specific sectors in municipalities in Norway.

Download or read book Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence written by Paula G. Coble and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A core text on principles, laboratory/field methodologies, and data interpretation for fluorescence applications in aquatic science, for advanced students and researchers.

Download or read book New Insights Into Disinfection Byproduct Formation and Control written by Ashley Dale Pifer and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods were developed for application of asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) and fluorescence parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis to raw and treated samples from drinking water sources to improve characterizations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and discover DOM properties correlated to disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation potential (FP). Raw water samples were collected from a reservoir, adjusted to pH 6, 7, and 8 and subjected to (1) jar tests using aluminum sulfate (alum) and (2) treatment with magnetic ion exchange (MIEX®) resin. Both treatments were followed by DBPFP tests at pH 7. AF4 was used to size DOM in raw and alum treated samples at pH 6 and 8. AF4 fractograms showed that DOM removal was more effective at pH 6 than at pH 8, and preferential removal of larger-sized DOM occurred at pH 6 but not at pH 8. A fluorescence-PARAFAC model was constructed using excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) from all samples. A strong linear correlation (r 2 = 0.87) between chloroform FP and a humic-like PARAFAC component (C1) was developed. This correlation was a significant improvement over the correlation (r 2 = 0.03) between chloroform FP and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254), a DBPFP surrogate commonly used in drinking water treatment plants to optimize DOM removal processes. This indicated that chloroform FP-C1 correlations were not treatment-specific. Alum coagulation at pH 6, 7, and 8 and DBPFP tests at pH 7 were performed on a set of raw waters from eleven drinking water treatment plants from across the United States. AF4 was used to size DOM before and after alum coagulation, and showed similar results to the earlier study, i.e., increased removal at pH 6 compared to pH 8. A fluorescence-PARAFAC model was constructed and total trihalomethane (TTHM) FP was strongly correlated (r 2 = 0.91) to C1 for eight water sources. TTHMFP-SUVA254 correlations for ten locations were weak (r 2 = 0.15), which indicated that C1 was an improved DBPFP surrogate relative to SUVA254 and could be used as a surrogate to select and optimize DBP precursor removal processes.

Download or read book Effects of Coagulation on the Removal of Natural Organic Matter Genotoxicity and Precursors to Halogenated Furanones written by Dana Zheng and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfectants in drinking water can interact with natural organic matter (NOM) to form disinfection by-products (DBPs). Halogenated furanones (including MX and MCA) are a group of emerging DBPs that can account for a significant amount of the total mutagenicity found in drinking water. Source water characteristics and NOM removal capabilities of coagulation can greatly influence the formation of DBPs. This project examines the effects of bench scale coagulation and chlorination tests on NOM removal, DBP formation, and genotoxicity. NOM was characterized using liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection (LC-OCD). Experiments with Ottawa River, Otonabee River, and Lake Simcoe waters show that DBPs decreased with increases in coagulant dosage, due to the removal of NOM during coagulation. DBP formation and speciation was then compared with NOM content to identify specific fractions that contribute to the formation of these DBPs. Genotoxicity was directly linked to MX presence in chlorinated waters.

Download or read book Characterization of Natural Organic Matter in Drinking Water written by Jean-Phillipe Croue and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2000 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research reported on here sought to characterize natural organic matter (NOM) in dilute solutions and to isolate it without altering its properties, so that the effect of NOM in drinking water may be considered. Several NOM isolation methods were evaluated, including evaporation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and adsorption. The effects of such isolation procedures on NOM's chemical composition and reactivity were considered. Based on these studies, the report presents conclusions regarding the feasibility and adequacy of in situ and ex situ techniques. Croue is affiliated with Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Eau de l'Environment, Universite de Poiters. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.

Download or read book Fluorescence Based Approach to Drinking Water Treatment Plant Natural Organic Matter NOM Characterization Treatment and Management written by Nancy Pilar Sanchez Morcote and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Samples of raw and treated water after coagulation were collected from drinking treatment systems serving the cities of Akron, Barberton, Newton Falls and Ravenna (OH). Sampling was performed in a weekly basis (e.g., one to three samples each week) during periods comprising from two to three years, leading to the collection of between 600 and 1000 samples at each treatment facility. Water quality parameters (e.g., dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pH, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254)), bromide content, fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEM), and disinfection by-product and total organic halogen formation potential (DBPFP and TOX-FP) were determined for the samples before and after coagulation. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was applied in order to generate independent models on different subsets of each drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) data set: (i) raw water, (ii) treated water, (iii) composite data set (i.e., raw and treated water), and (iv) differential EEM ([delta]EEM)-based model. Three principal fluorophore groups were identified in the Akron, Barberton and Newton Falls raw and treated water data sets (two components with humic nature and a component with protein-like character), while four moieties (two humic-like and two protein-like components) were retained in the group of samples from Ravenna DWTP. Results of independent PARAFAC modeling were analyzed based on an uncorrected matrix correlation (UMC) approach in order to determine the impact of different coagulants on the structural character of the PARAFAC fluorophore groups. A quantitative analysis intended to study the distribution of the fluorophore moieties before and after treatment, predominant fluorescent structures in the treated water, and PARAFAC components being most affected by the specific coagulant in each DWTP was conducted. Results indicate that NOM in the water sources under monitoring has a highly similar spectral character. Principal conclusions after analysis in a multi-coagulant and multi-plant scenario included: (i) coagulation does not have a significant impact on the structure of the PARAFAC components, (ii) no new fluorescence entities are formed after coagulation, (iii) only physical removal of fluorophores is taking place in the coagulation process, and (iv) irrespective of the coagulant being applied (e.g., aluminum or iron-based salt), the same fluorescence entity (C2-high humic-like component) is the most affected by coagulation in terms of removal. PARAFAC analysis on [delta]EEM showed to be a valuable tool in order to determine recalcitrant fluorescence groups to coagulation treatment and to establish preferential removal of a specific moiety. Study of the coagulation process in the Akron DWTP, which corresponds to a parallel treatment train involving application of aluminum sulfate (alum) and aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) on the same water source, confirmed that the fraction of NOM being impacted by these coagulants is identical and variations can only be noticed in the relative reduction attained for the estimated concentration of each fluorophore group in the NOM. Analysis of this particular DWTP demonstrated that a fluorescence-PARAFAC approach can improve the traditional DOC based-criterion used in DWTPs for selection and evaluation of a particular coagulant. Incorporation of PARAFAC components in a previously formulated semi-empirical coagulation model allowed establishing the role of each fluorophore group in the fraction of non-sorbable DOC (fraction of DOC that is not removed by coagulation) at each DWTP, offering improved understanding of the character of this organic material. Results showed that this fraction exhibited significant variation during the period of study at each treatment facility, while the fraction of sorbable DOC being effectively removed by coagulation had a significant non-linear association with the coagulant dose being applied; suggesting that marginal DOC removal will be attained after a specific concentration of coagulant has been applied. PARAFAC components showed to be suitable predictors of DBPFP and TOX-FP when multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Predictive capability differed for each set of raw and treated water samples and varied in an inter-DWTP basis. Higher association of PARAFAC components with trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) was observed compared with the degree of fitting when the haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP) was analyzed. PARAFAC components with humic-like nature showed to be closely associated with THMFP and HAAFP, while structures with protein-like nature exhibited weak association with DBPFP and TOX-FP. PARAFAC analysis provided insight about the particularities of each water source and the efficiency of the specific treatment process applied in each facility. Results indicate that fluorescence analysis coupled with PARAFAC application may represent a practical tool to be used in the control and optimization of the water treatment operations increasing the efficiency of the processes (e.g., reducing chemical costs) and assuring the desired quality characteristics in the drinking water being supplied.

Download or read book Natural Organic Matter in Water written by Mika Silanpää and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-10-07 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 77 percent of the freshwater used in the United States comes from surface-water sources and is subject to natural organic matter contamination according to the United States Geological Survey. This presents a distinct challenge to water treatment engineers. An essential resource to the latest breakthroughs in the characterization, treatment and removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water, Natural Organic Matter in Waters: Characterization and Treatment Methods focuses on advance filtration and treatment options, and processes for reducing disinfection byproducts. Based on the author’s years of research and field experience, this book begins with the characterization of NOM including: general parameters, isolation and concentration, fractionation, composition and structural analysis and biological testing. This is followed by removal methods such as inorganic coagulants, polyelectrolytes and composite coagulants. Electrochemical and membranes removal methods such as: electrocoagulation, electrochemical oxidation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and membrane fouling. Covers conventional as well as advanced NOM removal methods Includes characterization methods of NOM Explains removal methods such as: removal by coagulation, electrochemical, advanced oxidation, and integrated methods

Download or read book Uncharted Waters written by Anna Andersson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-15 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are potentially toxic compounds formed when drinking water is treated with disinfectants, such as chlorine or chloramine. A large proportion of the exposure to DBPs is still unknown and the health risks observed through epidemiological studies cannot be explained by DBPs known today. In this thesis, a part of the unknown DBP fraction is investigated, covering a wide range of non-volatile, chlorine/bromine-containing DBPs. The goals were to investigate how the compositions of these DBPs differ between water treatment plants, how their occurrence changes in the distribution system until reaching consumers and how new treatment techniques can reduce their formation and toxicity. To analyze unknown DBPs, a non-targeted approach adopting ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), was used, where the mass of molecules is measured with such accuracy that the elemental composition of individual DBPs can be calculated. A panel of bioassays was used to assess the combined toxic effects from these DBP mixtures. The results show that the formation of these DBPs to a large extent was specific to each water treatment plant and that local conditions influenced DBP formation, based on e.g., the abundance of organic material with certain chemical structures, bromide and disinfection procedure and agent (chlorine or chloramine). The DBPs were detected in both chlorinated and chloraminated water and in all tap water samples, demonstrating that they are part of human exposure. The number of DBP formulae decreased and the DBP composition changed between drinking water treatment and consumer taps, suggesting that DBP exposure to consumers is not necessarily resembling measurements at the treatment plants. Evaluation of new treatment techniques showed that suspended ion exchange and ozonation have potential to decrease the formation and toxic effects of DBPs and that the removal of organic matter can influence qualitative aspects of DBP formation, such as the proportions of chlorine-containing (less toxic) versus bromine-containing (more toxic) DBPs. Through increased knowledge about the role and relevance of non-volatile DBPs, this work can contribute to future monitoring and actions to reduce the health risks associated with DBPs in chlorinated or chloraminated drinking water. Desinfektionsbiprodukter (DBP:s) är potentiellt giftiga ämnen som bildas när dricksvatten renas med desinfektionsmedel såsom hypoklorit eller monokloramin. En stor del av exponeringen är ännu okänd och hittills kända DBP:s kan inte förklara de hälsorisker som förknippats med klorerat dricksvatten i epidemiologiska studier. I avhandlingen undersöks en relativt okänd fraktion av DBP:s som utgörs av icke-flyktiga, klor/brom-innehållande ämnen. Målen var att undersöka hur dessa DBP:s varierar mellan olika vattenverk, om de förekommer hos konsumenter och hur nya vattenreningstekniker kan minska dess bildandning och relaterad toxicitet. För att mäta okända DBP:s användes ultrahögupplöst masspektrometri (Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS)), med vilken massan hos molekyler kan bestämmas så exakt att atomsammansättningen för enskilda DBP:s kan räknas ut. En serie effektbaserade metoder som bygger på biologiska testsystem användes för att mäta kombinerade toxiska effekter från de studerade biprodukterna. Resultaten visar att största delen av bildade DBP:s var unik för varje vattenverk och att lokala förutsättningar påverkar vilka DBP:s som bildas, till exempel om det finns organiskt material med särskilda kemiska strukturer, bromid eller vilket desinfektionsmedel (klor eller kloramin) som används. De studerade biprodukterna detekterades både i klorerat och kloraminerat dricksvatten och i samtliga kranvatten, vilket innebär att de bidrar till konsumenters exponering. Antalet detekterade DBP:s minskade och sammansättningen ändrades mellan vattenverk och konsument, vilket innebär att DBP exponeringen hos konsumenter inte är densamma som mäts på vattenverken. En utvärdering av nya reningstekniker visade att suspenderat jonbyte och ozonering har potential att minska bildning och relaterad toxisk effekt från DBP:s och att borttagning av organiskt material kan påverka kvalitativa aspekter av DBP bildning, såsom proportionerna av klorerade (mindre toxiska) och bromerade (mer toxiska) DBP:s. Genom ökad insikt om icke-flyktiga DBP:s roll och relevans kan detta arbete bidra till att förbättra framtida uppföljning och insatser för att minska hälsorisker kopplade till DBP:s i klorerat eller kloraminerat dricksvatten.

Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Simon Parsons and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The suitability of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for pollutant degradation was recognised in the early 1970s and much research and development work has been undertaken to commercialise some of these processes. AOPs have shown great potential in treating pollutants at both low and high concentrations and have found applications as diverse as ground water treatment, municipal wastewater sludge destruction and VOCs control. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment is an overview of the advanced oxidation processes currently used or proposed for the remediation of water, wastewater, odours and sludge. The book contains two opening chapters which present introductions to advanced oxidation processes and a background to UV photolysis, seven chapters focusing on individual advanced oxidation processes and, finally, three chapters concentrating on selected applications of advanced oxidation processes. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment will be invaluable to readers interested in water and wastewater treatment processes, including professionals and suppliers, as well as students and academics studying in this area. Dr Simon Parsons is a Senior Lecturer in Water Sciences at Cranfield University with ten years' experience of industrial and academic research and development.

Download or read book Sources and Characteristics of Organic Matter in the Clackamas River Oregon Related to the Formation of Disinfection By Products in Treated Drinking Water written by Kurt Carpenter and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study characterized the amount and quality of organic matter in the Clackamas River, Oregon, to gain an understanding of sources that contribute to the formation of chlorinated and brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs), focusing on regulated DBPs in treated drinking water from two direct-filtration treatment plants that together serve approximately 100,000 customers. The central hypothesis guiding this study was that natural organic matter leaching out of the forested watershed, in-stream growth of benthic algae, and phytoplankton blooms in the reservoirs contribute different and varying proportions of organic carbon to the river. Differences in the amount and composition of carbon derived from each source affects the types and concentrations of DBP precursors entering the treatment plants and, as a result, yield varying DBP concentrations and species in finished water. The two classes of DBPs analyzed in this study-trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)-form from precursors within the dissolved and particulate pools of organic matter present in source water.

Download or read book Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by John Bratby and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2006-10-15 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications. Thoroughly revised and updated since the 1st Edition it has been progressively modified and increased in scope to cater for the requirements of practitioners involved with water and wastewater treatment. A thorough gamut of treatment scenarios is attempted, including turbidity, color and organics removal, including the technical aspects of enhanced coagulation. The effects of temperature and ionic content are described as well as the removal of specific substances such as arsenic and phosphorus. Chemical phosphorus removal is dealt with in detail, Rapid mixing for efficient coagulant utilization, and flocculation are dealt with in specific chapters. Water treatment plant waste sludge disposal is dealt with in considerable detail, in an Appendix devoted to this subject. Invaluble for water scientists, engineers and students of this field, Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment is a convenient reference handbook in the form of numerous examples and appended information.

Download or read book Natural Organic Matter in Water written by Mika Sillanpaa and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Organic Matter in Water: Characterization, Treatment Methods, and Climate Change Impact, Second Edition focuses on advanced filtration and treatment options, as well as processes for reducing disinfection by-products, making it an essential resource on the latest breakthroughs in the characterization, treatment and removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water. Based on the editor’s years of research and field experience, the book covers general parameters, isolation and concentration, fractionation, composition and structural analysis, and biological testing, along with removal methods such as inorganic coagulants, polyelectrolytes and composite coagulants. In addition, sections cover electrochemical and membranes removal methods such as electrocoagulation, electrochemical oxidation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and membrane fouling. This book is a valuable guide for engineers and researchers looking to integrate methods, processes and technologies to achieve desired affects. Provides a summary of up-to-date information surrounding NOM Presents enhanced knowledge on treatment strategies for the removal of NOM Covers conventional as well as advanced NOM removal methods

Download or read book Integrating Water Systems written by Joby Boxall and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-07-24 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of articles by leading international experts on modeling and control of potable water distribution and sewerage collection systems, focusing on advances in sensors, instrumentation and communications technologies; assessment of sensor reliability, accuracy and fitness; data management including SCADA and GIS; system