Download or read book Coaches and Student Athletes Perceptions on the Athletes Eating Psychopathology Body Image and Interpersonal Relationship and how They are Impacted by Social Distancing at a Large Midwestern University written by Samara T. Pattiasina and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both male and female athletes are at high risk for developing eating disorders. One of the identified aspects that can result in eating psychopathology is body image dysphoria. Coaches can impact athletes' perception of their own body image and eating habits. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic increased the rate of mental illnesses including eating disorders. The purpose of this study is threefold: first to examine coach's perceptions of student's a) eating psychopathology and b) body image; 2) students' perception of their own a) eating psychopathology, b) body image, and c) coach-athlete interpersonal relationship; and 3) coaches' perspective of their athletes' eating psychopathology during social distancing at a large Midwestern University. Participants were male and female student-athletes and athletic coaches at Kent State University who were >=18 years and were not previously diagnosed with an eating disorder. Surveys and questionnaires were distributed, including demographic surveys, Eating Disorder Screen for Athletes (EDSA), Situational Inventory of Body-Image Dysphoria (SIBID), Climate in Sport Setting Scale (CISSS), and Perception on Athletes' Nutritional Intake and Performance during Social Distancing (PANIBI-SD). Current study found significant relationship between student-athletes' EDSA and SIBID (r=0.73, p > 0.001), and no relationship between student-athletes' EDSA and CISSS (r=-0.02, p=0.90), between SIBID and CISSS (r=-0.004, p=0.98), and between coaches' PANIBI-SD and EDSA (r=0.32, p=0.49). Present study also found that SIBID is a significant predictor for EDSA [F(2, 38)=21.54, p

Download or read book Sport Factors Body Image and Eating Behaviors in College Student Athletes written by Kelsey Moran and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eating disorders are a common psychological disorder with athletes being at a higher risk. The rates of clinical and subclinical (i.e. subthreshold, partial diagnosis, or other specified feeding and eating disorder in DSM-5). There are several sport-specific risk factors that increase the prevalence rate of clinical and subclinical eating disorders and body image concerns. Several eating disorder development models exist for the general population, but one specific sport specific factor: coaches, has been left out, despite their significant impact on athletes. This study examined the relationship between coaching behaviors, eating disorder symptomology, and body image concerns. Potential moderators of teammate pressures, self-esteem, and performance pressures were also examined. 160 NCAA Division 1 student-athletes completed the survey. Results demonstrated a significant relationship between coaching behavior and eating disorder symptomology and body dissatisfaction. Additionally, teammate pressures were found to moderate the relationship between coaching behaviors and eating disorder symptomology. Clinical implications, limitations, and future research directions were discussed.

Download or read book An Exploration of the Collegiate Coach athlete Relationship and Its Impact on Female Athlete Attitudes and Behaviors Toward Disordered Eating and Body Image written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collegiate female athletes face the challenges of conflicting feminine body ideals in society and in their sport all while striving for athletic success. Coaches are believed to play a significant role in an athlete's development, and thus have potential to (knowing or unknowingly) reinforce, or even introduce, eating pathology as a means to achieve athletic performance and/or a body ideal. Previous research has found a link between insecure attachment and subsequent eating pathology in athletes and non-athletes alike. The coach can be viewed as an important attachment figure in an athlete's life and development and thus serve a mediating role for how earlier attachment patterns do, or do not, transfer to an athletes identity, well-being, and functioning. The aim of the present study is to explore (1) the interpersonal dynamics that occur between a collegiate athlete and a coach, (2) the context of this attachment relationship as related to other attachment relationships, and (3) the interaction of these attachment relationships on disordered eating behaviors and negative body image beliefs. Providing a clearer picture of the interactions and relational patterns that can occur between a coach and an athlete will be useful in developing methods and interventions to help increase awareness of the coach's impact on body image and eating, and to create tailored interventions for both coaches and athletes to access more adaptive attachment representations, coping styles, and ways of being.

Download or read book Coaching the Coaches written by Jessica Silverman (Psy.D. candidate at the University of Hartford) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eating disorders (ED) are the deadliest mental health diagnosis (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013), and one of the most common diagnoses for college students. The college athlete is more likely to struggle with ED pathology given the developmental time period, personality characteristics, cultural influences, and impacts of athletic identity and athletic culture. Collegiate coaches have a large influence on the development of student athletes’ mental health and well-being through their direct and indirect messages. This influence can be further impacted by variables such as the roles of the coach, the roles of the athlete, personal influences, and responsibilities. Given the complexity of the coach-athlete relationship, it is important for coaches to ensure messages conveyed to athletes are clear, supportive, and direct to avoid inadvertently increasing the risk of ED pathology. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has indicated a need for experiential training regarding how coaches should address mental health influences impacting their athletes, such as with EDs. Since coaches are simultaneously considering both individual and systemic influences, critical thinking is a beneficial skill to understand the complex variables of communication, especially as it pertains to perspective-taking. Therefore, this project is designed to educate coaches about disordered eating (DE)/ED presentations in student-athletes and introduce the importance of the multiple factors impacting communication. Awareness of such influences can create alternative messages aimed at supporting athletic physical health and mental well-being in addition to overall athletic success.

Download or read book The Relationship Between the Susceptibility of Eating Disorders Self esteem and Body Image in Female Collegiate Student athletes written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research indicates athletes participating in competitive sports may be at a higher risk for developing an eating disorder than non-athletes (Costin, 2007). A variety of factors may lead to an eating disorder. This study looked at the relationship between the susceptibility to eating disorders, self-esteem, and body image and Division I, Division II, and Division III female collegiate student-athletes, and it considers whether competition level was a factor for developing an eating disorder. In this study, Division I, Division II, and Division III female athletes were asked to complete a questionnaire that included three subscales of the EDI-2, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Body Cathexis, in order to determine the eating and exercising attitudes of female student-athletes. The study's findings showed that there was not a relationship between a student-athletes' competition level and their susceptibility to eating disorders; however, there was a relationship between student-athletes' self-esteem level and body image satisfaction level and their susceptibility to eating disorders. It is recommended athletic departments test their student-athletes' levels of self-esteem and body image in order to set up appropriate interventions programs for athletes who may be susceptible to eating disorders due to their self-esteem levels and/or body image satisfaction levels.

Download or read book Investigating the Prevalence and Correlates of Disordered Eating Behaviors in Immaculata University Student Athletes written by Christine M. Steerman and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significance: Recent research shows that disordered eating (DE) is commonly found across colleges in the United States, especially in the student athlete population; yet many cases go undetected and untreated due to subclinical symptoms, lack of awareness and education on specific behaviors. Those competing in weight-related and "lean" sports are reported to be at an even higher risk of developing DE behaviors. The short-term and long-term health effects are damaging to the athlete's mental and physical health with the potential for the latter's to be life threatening. College coaches have daily interaction with these student athletes and can aid in identifying changes in an athlete's behaviors or performance that can be due to DE. With proper education and training, coaches may be better able to identify and refer athletes to health professionals who may be at risk or engaged in DE. Purpose/Aim: The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to identify the prevalence of DE in IU student athletes and examine correlations related to sport, sex, and/or academic standing. This study would also assess IU athletic coaches' perceptions of DE prevalence, measure detection capabilities, and responses to athletes with perceived DE. Methods: Through the questionnaire, participants' demographics, weight status, body image, and eating behaviors will be assessed in all IU student athletes. The data collected will be analyzed to identify prevalence of DE and at-risk behaviors in IU student athletes as well as the correlates. A separate online questionnaire will collect data on knowledge and perceptions of DE in IU coaches. This data will be analyzed to identify the nutrition education needs of IU coaches in order to better support the efforts to reduce DE prevalence in this population. Expected Results/Interpretation: This study will serve as a basis to provide tailored nutrition education to IU student athletes and coaches with the goal to reduce current prevalence of DE and minimize new DE cases in current and incoming IU student athletes. The collected data is expected to provide insight into current eating habits of IU athletes and the prevalence of DE. Analysis of the data will identify whether specific sub population of student athletes at IU have a higher prevalence of DE as well as correlation factors. Coaches' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding prevalence, concern, ability to detect and seek outside help will be analyzed, which will provide a basis for the IU Nutrition & Dietetics department to develop education, training, and resources for the coaches. Conclusion/Implications: Implications of this study may include the development of screening tools for current and incoming IU student athletes and nutrition education sessions designed for the athletes and coaches. It would also support future research in this area including investigating prevalence of DE in student athletes at neighboring universities in the Philadelphia area to compare larger scale results. Overall, the research data collected would identify areas where improvements can be made utilizing Immaculata University's Nutrition Education department in an effort to reduce prevalence and minimize new cases of DE in IU student athletes.

Download or read book Social Pressures and Body Image as Contributors to Eating Habits Among Collegiate Women Athletes written by Jill M. Mallin and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers have often stated that when examining the development of eating disorders, it is fruitful to take a multi-dimensional approach in order to identify the role of several contributing factors. Unfortunately, not only has this framework been used all too rarely in the general research on eating disorders, it has hardly ever been used when looking at the development of disordered eating among athletes. To this end, relationships among self-reported symptoms of disordered eating, body image dissatisfaction, and two types of perceived pressure for thinness (social and athletic) were investigated in a sample of 206 women collegiate athletes from two Division I schools, representing 12 different sports. A series of regression analyses, and a test of mediation, were used to analyze the data. It was hypothesized that body image dissatisfaction and perceived pressure for thinness would each account for a significant amount of variance in symptoms of disordered eating, and that body image dissatisfaction would mediate the relationship between both kinds of perceived pressure for thinness and disordered eating. Support was garnered for several of the hypotheses. Specifically, the independent variables of body image dissatisfaction, social pressure for thinness, and athletic pressure for thinness each uniquely accounted for variance in disordered eating. Somewhat differing from the hypothesized relationship, body image dissatisfaction functioned as a partial mediator, rather than a full mediator, in the relationship between social pressure for thinness and disordered eating, as well as in the relationship between athletic pressure for thinness and disordered eating. Additional exploratory analyses indicated that athletic pressure did not account for additional variance in disordered eating above and beyond that accounted for by social pressure for thinness. Further, significant differences emerged on the variables of bulimia and athletic pressure for thinness when comparing individual sports and when comparing lean (e.g., cross-country, track, swimming, diving, gymnastics) vs. nonlean (e.g., rifle, tennis, golf, basketball, softball, volleyball, soccer) sports. Therefore, all three variables (i.e., body image dissatisfaction, social pressure for thinness, and athletic pressure for thinness) were supported in the role they play in the development of disordered eating among women athletes. The finding of partial mediation of these relationships provides support for the continued examination and clarification of how these variables all uniquely contribute to this development.

Download or read book Actions Speak Louder Than Coaches written by Thea Ann Jayne Button and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the current study was to examine the prevalence of eating disorder behaviour among student athletes. Two hundred participants (130 female, 70 male) completed an online survey that assessed participants eating disorder behaviour (EAT26), behaviours consistent with the Adonis Complex (ACQ) and perceived social support(modified MPSS). The results revealed significant differences in eating disorder behaviour between female and male athletes, with females scoring significantly higher. No differences were found between how female and male athletes scored on the Adonis Complex Questionnaire. Significant differences were found between lean-sport and nonlean sport athletes, with lean sport athletes exhibiting more eating disorder behaviours. Furthermore, non-lean sport male athletes were found to score significantly higher than lean-sport male athletes for the Adonis Complex. Significant differences were also found across club and varsity sports, with club athletes exhibiting significantly more eating disorder behaviours than varsity athletes. Perceived social support was found to be negatively correlated to eating disorder behaviour, and when considering gender variables, level of competition and type of sport, accounted for unique variance in eating disorder behaviour. These results suggest that athletes are susceptible to negative mental health outcomes, and eating behaviours vary among athletes and sport type. The results highlight the importance of having support systems in place for student athletes and increasing awareness of athletic staff and coaches as to the seriousness and prevalence of eating disorder behaviours among their student athletes.

Download or read book Evaluating Contextual Body Image Eating and Exercise Behaviors in College Athletes written by Katherine E. McManus and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current study assessed the associations between disordered eating, excessive exercise, and contextual body image within a sample of Division I college student-athletes. Sixty-five student-athletes anonymously completed an online survey consisting of a series of eating, exercise, and body image related assessments followed by open-ended questions regarding their motivation to workout and overall student-athlete and college experience. Results indicated that there was no significant association between excessive exercise and disordered eating (r = .19, p = .130; two-tailed), however, there was a significant association between athletic identity and excessive exercise (r = .433, p = .0003). Point biserial correlations and Welch sample t-tests revealed that gender had a significant association with disordered eating (rpb = .324, n = 65, p = .009) however, sport-type did not (rpb = .044, n = 65, p = .729). The current study is consistent with prior research showing that females score higher on scales of disordered eating behavior than males. Furthermore, this study provides evidence to suggest that female athletes may experience differences with their body image, particularly their shape (rpb = .256, n = 65, p = .04), in different contexts (i.e., in daily life context) compared to male athletes. Follow up research should continue to examine the impact of athletic identity, excessive exercise, and disordered eating for all athletes regardless of sport-type and gender.

Download or read book Disordered Eating and Compulsive Exercise in Collegiate Athletes written by Kseniia Power and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, a large body of research has examined the issues of eating disorders as well as compensatory behaviors in collegiate competitive athletes. Up to 49.1% of student-athletes engage in disordered eating and compensatory behaviors, while up to 7.1% of athletes have symptoms that reach the threshold of formal psychiatric diagnoses. Greater symptoms are linked to reduced athletic and academic performance, both of which may impact physical and psychosocial functioning later in adulthood. However, most athletes suffer from these symptoms in isolation, as these behaviors are often undetected by athletic trainers and coaches. The purpose of the current study was: (a) to examine the prevalence of both formal eating disorders and disordered eating symptomatology in a sample of collegiate student-athletes; (b) to explore the frequency of compulsive exercise occurrence; (c) to investigate the differences in athletes' disordered eating, compulsive exercise, and body image concerns by gender, sport type, and level of athletic participation; and (d) to assess the relationships among athletes' disordered eating, compulsive exercise, and body image concerns, as well as associations between athletes' age and each of these three variables. In total, 128 NCAA Division I varsity and club athletes completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Compulsive Exercise Test (CET), and Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire - Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS). Correlational analysis, Independent two-sample, and Welch's t-tests were conducted to establish statistical significance for the relationships of interest. Out of 128 athletes, 11 athletes (8.6%) scored in the clinically significant range on at least one EDE-Q subscale. Four athletes (3.2%) met criteria for Bulimia Nervosa, 3 athletes (2.4%) met criteria for Binge Eating Disorder, and 2 athletes (1.6%) met criteria for Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder. In addition, 40 athletes (31.3%) reported subclinical symptoms of an eating disorder. Nineteen athletes (14.85%) scored above the clinical cut-off score for compulsive exercise behavior. Female athletes reported greater disordered eating symptomatology and body image dissatisfaction than males. In addition, lean-sport athletes had a higher prevalence of maladaptive eating behaviors than non-lean sport athletes. Age was not associated with athletes' disordered eating, compulsive exercise, and body image scores. Also, no differences were found between club and varsity athletes for the same variables. Positive correlations were found between athletes' eating pathology and their compulsive exercise behaviors, suggesting that greater eating disorder symptoms were associated with greater excessive exercise engagement. In contrast to athletes with no symptoms of an eating disorder, athletes with symptoms of an eating disorder reported using exercise as a weight control measure. Higher levels of body image dissatisfaction were also associated with greater eating pathology. This study addressed a number of methodological shortcomings across the body of eating disorder research (e.g., studies with insufficient sample sizes, lack of group comparisons by age and level of athletic participation, and suboptimal psychometric measures) and underscored the need for a new generation of studies. The study also explored the frequency of compulsive exercise, a compensatory behavior which is highly prevalent, but often overlooked among athletes. The study findings may aid coaches, athletic administration, and mental health professionals in identifying at-risk athletes. The study findings also inform the development of prevention and treatment efforts.

Download or read book The Effects of Sociocultural Factors on Body Image in Division III Female Athletes written by Naomi Hill and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Negative body image puts athletes at a higher susceptibility for eating disorder development than nonathletes (NEDA, 2018). Many factors influence how athletes perceive their body, such as family, peers, coaches, and the media. The purpose of this study was to 1) examine the body image of female Division III collegiate athletes, an understudied population, 2) explore four sociocultural variables that may influence the body image satisfaction of these athletes: Family, peers, the media, and coaches, and 3) summarize and analyze the existing literature on the neurobiology of body image as it relates to eating disorders among athletes, including comorbid mental health diagnoses, dysregulation of appetite reward patterns and behaviors, and the Female Athlete Triad. Participants were 115 female student-athletes at North Central College who completed measures related to body image, sociocultural pressures, and the coach-athlete relationship. Overall, participants felt larger than their ideal figure, indicative of body imaged is satisfaction. Regression analyses found that family and media predicted body image satisfaction across daily life and sport domains for athletes. The coach-athlete relationship did not predict body image satisfaction in this population."--Abstract

Download or read book NCAA Division I Head Coaches Experiences with Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating in Female Athletes a Qualitative Analysis written by Caitlyn Pecinovsky and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author's abstract: In today's sport, NCAA Division I female athletes are under a constant pressure to reach an elite level of perfection in athletic performance, frequently adhering to the assumption that there is an inverse relationship between body size and performance level (Petrie & Sherman, 2007). Additionally, coaches have unrealistic expectations about weight and body image, which adds pressure on athletes to conform to certain weight or image driven standards. Perceptions that coaches hold about eating disorders and disordered eating present a set of risk factors that may increase the likelihood of female athletes developing maladaptive eating patterns (Scoffier, Maiano, & d'Arripe-Longueville, 2010). Thus, the purpose of the present study is to use a qualitative approach to assess the experiences, knowledge, and education that coaches at the NCAA Division I level possess about eating disorders and disordered eating in female athletes. Creating alternative and better intervention techniques for disordered eating and eating disorders in female athletes will be discussed.

Download or read book Eating Disorders in Athletes written by Joaquin Dosil and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, up-to-date book presents the latest research and applied practice to address all of the key issues relating to sport and eating disorders. The book begins by looking at the underlying factors behind the development of disordered eating. It goes on to consider evaluation, diagnosis and treatment across a wide range of sports and assesses the various types of treatment available and the practicalities of implementing treatment programmes. A whole chapter is devoted to the role of the internet, both as a source of information and possible treatment, for athletes with these disorders. The final chapter provides four practical examples and case studies of disordered eating in high-risk sports.

Download or read book Eating Disorders in Sport written by Ron A. Thompson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past fifteen years, there has been a great increase in the knowledge of eating disorders in sport and effective means of treatment. In this book, the authors draw on their extensive clinical experience to discuss how to identify, manage, treat, and prevent eating disorders in sport participants. They begin by examining the clinical conditions related to eating problems, including descriptions of specific disorders and a review of the relevant literature. Special attention is given to the specific gender and sport-related factors that can negatively influence the eating habits of athletes. The second half of the book discusses identification of participants with disordered eating by reviewing symptoms and how they manifest in sport; management issues for sport personnel, coaches, athletic trainers, and healthcare professionals; treatment; and medical considerations, such as the use of psychotropic medications. A list of useful resources is included in an appendix, as well as a glossary of important terms.

Download or read book Examining Eating Behavior Body Image and Social Identity Amongst NCAA Student athletes written by Stephen M. Cirella (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Exploring Mental Health in Sport written by Jessica Murphy and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Student-athletes are at high risk for poor mental health. Leaders within the varsity sport environment influence athlete mental health and help-seeking. This dissertation explored the behaviors, perspectives and needs of athletes, coaches, and athletic trainers as it pertains to mental health in sport. Three studies were conducted, the first utilized the Theory of Planned Behavior to explore factors associated with coach-athlete conversations about mental health. A coach's Attitude towards having a conversation with an athlete significantly influenced their Intention to do so. Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) significantly influenced the relationship between Social Norms and Intention. Both PBC and Social Norms had a significant relationship with the Behavior (having a conversation about mental health with an athlete). The second study applied a conceptual model from Horn's Working Model of Coach Effectiveness to explore how an athlete's perception of coach behavior impacts attitudes and help-seeking behaviors. Psychological distress levels influenced an athlete's Perception of their coach's behavior. Openness to help-seeking was significantly related to help-seeking Behaviors and influenced the relationship between personal characteristics and help-seeking. Perception of coach behaviors influenced the relationship between psychological distress and help-seeking from a coach. The last study sought to determine the acceptance of an online varsity sport-specific mental health resource. Preliminary results were promising; The PEER Network was frequently used over the study period and participants had positive and supportive feedback. Overall, results from the three studies suggest that perceived ability and social support may influence whether coach-athlete conversations about mental health occur. Due to the effects of these variables, coach mental health training should focus on improving the skills required for these conversations and normalizing mental health in sport. As an athlete's perception of coach behavior mediated the relationship between psychological distress and help-seeking, training should also focus on clear ways to show athletes that coaches are supportive of mental health. Athlete-specific training should try and improve attitudes towards help-seeking and highlight the value from seeking help. The PEER Network may be an easily accessible and context-specific way of achieving these educational goals for members of the varsity athletic community.

Download or read book Memorable Messages that Shape Student athletes Perceptions of Seeking Mental Health Services written by Aviry L. Reich and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Student-athletes encounter a series of unique stressors associated with their athletic status that can compromise their well-being (Beauchemin, 2012; Brown et al., 2014; Parham, 1993; Valentine & Taub, 1999). There is evidence to suggest that demands on student-athletes' increase their risk for experiencing certain mental and physical distress (e.g., eating disorders, anxiety, depression) (Brown et al., 2014; Etzel et al., 2006; Rice et al., 2016). Further, student-athletes are less likely to seek help from mental health professionals than their non-athlete peers (Watson, 2005). The purpose of this study was to understand the role that communication plays in socializing student-athletes, and how communication influences their perceptions of seeking mental health services. The research questions in this study were the following: 1) What are the memorable messages student-athletes receive that inform their perceptions of seeking mental health services? 2) Which sources who deliver the memorable messages have the greatest impact on student-athletes' attitudes and perceptions of seeking mental health services? This study utilized Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) to conduct and analyze in-depth interviews about Division I student-athletes' experiences and context surrounding the memorable messages received, with the intention of identifying themes that capture the impact the messages have had on their help-seeking attitudes and behaviors. The current body of research provides evidence that memorable messages student-athletes received have positively and negatively influenced their attitudes and behaviors towards seeking professional help. Findings from this current study revealed that, across the two domains that directly answered the research questions, there were five general categories and seven typical categories indicating there were commonalities in the memorable messages received and significant sources who communicated them. All participants identified and recalled specific memorable messages, both positive and negative, regarding seeking mental health services; however, overall student-athletes received a higher frequency of positive messages. The common theme around the positive messages student-athletes received were some variation of "It's ok to not be ok" while the theme around the negative messages received were rooted in sport culture norms such as "Athletes are supposed to be tough" and "You're weak if you need help." The significant sources who most influenced student-athletes' perceptions of seeking mental health services were coaches and family (parents, dad, mom, sister, and uncle)."--Abstract from author supplied metadata