Download or read book CMOS Technology for IC Biosensor and Applications written by Dr. Abdullah Tashtoush and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2013-07-23 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About the Book The book includes a variety of techniques that are conducting biosensors as transducers. The single die has all of the biosensors implemented within it, which leads to a new generation of multibiosensors named as multi-labs-on-a-single chip (MLoC). Biosensors are analytical devices that combine a biologically sensitive element with a physical or chemical transducer to detect the presence of specific compounds selectively and quantitatively. This book explores the feasibility of microelectronic techniques in a successful attempt to get huge cost savings in mass production, fast reacting, and disposable biosensors. The book is lied in six chapters and four appendices. These sensors were implemented using CMOSP35 technology on a single-chip that covers new techniques for detecting biomedical and biological samples at low concentration level based on CMOS/MEMS technology batch process. The methodology of the proposed multibiosensors that is named by multi-lab-on-a-chip (MLoC); lies on miniaturizing transducers, which is based on optical CMOS technology, charge based capacitance measurements (CBCM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and CMOS microcoils incorporating with interdigitated microelectrode array (IDMA). The aforementioned approaches technically proved their capability and reliability overwhelmingly among the used conventional techniques for that reason these techniques have been proposed to create compact and portable biosensors for sensitive and rapid detection of biomedical and biological samples. While the four proposed biosensors have common objectives they differ in the method and analysis used, and postulates engaged by a discipline to achieve the objectives; the inquiry of the principles of investigation in a particular field.

Download or read book Cmos Technology for Ic Biosensor and Applications written by Abdullah Tashtoush and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2013-06 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About the Book The book includes a variety of techniques that are conducting biosensors as transducers. The single die has all of the biosensors implemented within it, which leads to a new generation of multibiosensors named as multi-labs-on-a-single chip (MLoC). Biosensors are analytical devices that combine a biologically sensitive element with a physical or chemical transducer to detect the presence of specific compounds selectively and quantitatively. This book explores the feasibility of microelectronic techniques in a successful attempt to get huge cost savings in mass production, fast reacting, and disposable biosensors. The book is lied in six chapters and four appendices. These sensors were implemented using CMOSP35 technology on a single-chip that covers new techniques for detecting biomedical and biological samples at low concentration level based on CMOS/MEMS technology batch process. The methodology of the proposed multibiosensors that is named by multi-lab-on-a-chip (MLoC); lies on miniaturizing transducers, which is based on optical CMOS technology, charge based capacitance measurements (CBCM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and CMOS microcoils incorporating with interdigitated microelectrode array (IDMA). The aforementioned approaches technically proved their capability and reliability overwhelmingly among the used conventional techniques for that reason these techniques have been proposed to create compact and portable biosensors for sensitive and rapid detection of biomedical and biological samples. While the four proposed biosensors have common objectives they differ in the method and analysis used, and postulates engaged by a discipline to achieve the objectives; the inquiry of the principles of investigation in a particular field.

Download or read book CMOS Capacitive Sensors for Lab on Chip Applications written by Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1.1 Overview of Lab-on-Chip Laboratory-on-Chip (LoC) is a multidisciplinary approach used for the miniaturization, integration and automation of biological assays or procedures in analytical chemistry [1–3]. Biology and chemistry are experimental sciences that are continuing to evolve and develop new protocols. Each protocol offers step-by-step laboratory instructions, lists of the necessary equipments and required biological and/or chemical substances [4–7]. A biological or chemical laboratory contains various pieces of equipment used for performing such protocols and, as shown in Fig. 1.1, the engineering aspect of LoC design is aiming to embed all these components in a single chip for single-purpose applications. 1.1.1 Main Objectives of LoC Systems Several clear advantages of this technology over conventional approaches, including portability, full automation, ease of operation, low sample consumption and fast assays time, make LoC suitable for many applications including. 1.1.1.1 Highly Throughput Screening To conduct an experiment, a researcher fills a well with the required biological or chemical analytes and keeps the sample in an incubator for some time to allowing the sample to react properly. Afterwards, any changes can be observed using a microscope. In order to quickly conduct millions of biochemical or pharmacolo- cal tests, the researchers will require an automated highly throughput screening (HTS) [8], comprised of a large array of wells, liquid handling devices (e.g., mic- channel, micropump and microvalves [9–11]), a fully controllable incubator and an integrated sensor array, along with the appropriate readout system.

Download or read book CMOS Circuits for Biological Sensing and Processing written by Srinjoy Mitra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-18 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the most comprehensive and consistent survey of the field of IC design for Biological Sensing and Processing. The authors describe a multitude of applications that require custom CMOS IC design and highlight the techniques in analog and mixed-signal circuit design that potentially can cross boundaries and benefit the very wide community of bio-medical engineers.

Download or read book CMOS Biomicrosystems written by Krzysztof Iniewski and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-14 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book will address the-state-of-the-art in integrated Bio-Microsystems that integrate microelectronics with fluidics, photonics, and mechanics. New exciting opportunities in emerging applications that will take system performance beyond offered by traditional CMOS based circuits are discussed in detail. The book is a must for anyone serious about microelectronics integration possibilities for future technologies. The book is written by top notch international experts in industry and academia. The intended audience is practicing engineers with electronics background that want to learn about integrated microsystems. The book will be also used as a recommended reading and supplementary material in graduate course curriculum.

Download or read book CMOS Biotechnology written by Hakho Lee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-04 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lately, there has been a growing interest in exploiting the benefits of the ICs for areas outside of the traditional application spaces. One noteable area is found in biology Bioanalytical instruments have been miniaturized on ICs to study various biophenomena or to actuate biosystems. These biolab-on-IC systems utilize the IC to facilitate faster, repeatable, and standardized biological experiments at low cost with a small volume of biological sample. The research activities in this field are expected to enjoy substantial growth in the foreseeable future. BioCMOS Technologies reviews these exciting recent efforts in joining CMOS technology with biology.

Download or read book Integrated Chemical Microsensor Systems in CMOS Technology written by Andreas Hierlemann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-08-29 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with a comprehensive survey of existing semiconductor-based chemical microsensors and microsystems, this book proceeds to describe in detail CMOS technology-based chemical microsensor systems. The benefits of using CMOS technology for developing chemical microsensor systems and, in particular, monolithically integrated sensor systems comprising transducers and associated circuitry are laid out. Several successful realizations of such microsensor systems are presented. First, the fundamentals of the chemical sensing process itself will be elucidated, followed by a short description of microfabrication techniques and the CMOS substrate. Thereafter, a comprehensive overview of semiconductor-based and CMOS-based transducer structures and their applications is given. It is shown that CMOS-technology can be successfully used as platform technology to integrate microtransducers with the necessary driving and signal conditioning circuitry, and, in a next step, to develop monolithic multisensor arrays and fully developed microsystems with on-chip sensor control and standard interfaces. The book concludes with a brief outlook to future developments, such as interfacing cells with CMOS microelectronics.

Download or read book Smart CMOS Image Sensors and Applications written by Jun Ohta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of their high noise immunity and low static power supply drain, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices produce less heat than other forms of logic and allow a high density of logic functions on a chip. These beneficial characteristics have fueled the use of CMOS image sensors in consumer electronics, robot vision, biotechnology, and medicine. With the introduction of smart functions in CMOS image sensors, even more versatile applications are now possible. Exploring this popular technology, Smart CMOS Image Sensors and Applications focuses on the smart functions implemented in CMOS image sensors as well as the applications of these sensors. After discussing the history of smart CMOS image sensors, the book describes the fundamental elements of CMOS image sensors. It covers some optoelectronic device physics and introduces typical CMOS image sensor structures, such as an active pixel sensor (APS). Subsequent chapters elucidate the functions and materials of smart CMOS image sensors and present examples of smart imaging. The final chapter explores various applications of smart CMOS image sensors. Several appendices supply a range of information on constants, illuminance, MOSFET characteristics, and optical resolution. This book provides a firm foundation in existing smart CMOS image sensor technology and applications, preparing you for the next phase of smart CMOS image sensors.

Download or read book High Dynamic Range CMOS integrated Biosensors written by Ritu Raj Singh and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosensors are extremely powerful analytical tools instrumental for detection and quantification of bio-molecules such as DNA, peptides and even metabolites. The recent decade has seen a surge in biosensing applications ranging from molecular diagnostics, environmental monitoring, basic life science research, forensics and biothreat monitoring. The existing biosensor systems of today, however, have several limitations. They are expensive, bulky in size, power hungry, hard to use and with access limited to core facilities. Among other disadvantages, these impediments discourage the availability of point-of-care testing and low cost in-vitro diagnostics (IVD) in locations such as developing and third world countries. The main bottleneck in the development of low-cost and compact biosensors is the effective and efficient integration of several complex components present inside a typical biosensor. These components are the sample preparation, biomolecular recognition, signal transduction and data analysis. With the recent advancements in very large scale integration (VLSI) and fabrication technologies, it is now possible to integrate several of these biosensing components into a small form factor. This thesis proposes leveraging the utilization of VLSI technology to develop a low-cost, miniature, portable, fast analysis, high throughput and low power consumption biosensor solution. Apart from the miniaturization benefits, employing VLSI technology facilitates low-cost, high yield and low process variation. We present complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated microsystem solutions for fluorescence, bioluminescence and electrochemical biosensing. Simulation models are provided for the microsystems and the specifications for the constituent components derived. A common problem in the transducer development of biosensors that we specifically focus on, is the presence of a large non-informative signal called the background signal. This background signal can be several orders of magnitudes higher than the signal of interest and it reduces the overall sensitivity of the biosensor. Existing transducer solutions rely on very high dynamic range, expensive and power hungry solutions to solve the problem of high background signal. To address the problem of overwhelming background signal, this thesis proposes an active background subtraction architecture merged with a Sigma-Delta modulator. The robust, versatile architecture can be conveniently employed for optical and electrochemical sensing. The proposed architecture attenuates the background signal very early in the signal chain, achieving high dynamic range while significantly relaxing the performance requirements of the subsequent circuit blocks in terms of power dissipation, area and bandwidth requirements. To validate the proposed solution, two CMOS IC prototypes were developed for optical and electrochemical sensing respectively. A 12x12 array of Sigma-Delta photodetector with in-pixel background subtraction was developed in 0.18 [mu]m standard CMOS technology. The pixel performance has been validated with over 140dB dynamic range and the ability of subtract the background subtraction current validated from 10nA to 10fA. Real time pyrosequencing experiment has also been performed utilizing the photodetector array. A 12x12 array of Sigma-Delta electrochemical sensor with in-pixel background subtraction was developed in 0.18 [mu]m standard CMOS technology. Capacitive charge redistribution circuit architecture for bipolar current measurements was employed. The circuit performance was validated over the wide input current range of 100nA to 1pA.

Download or read book Bio CMOS Interfaces and Co Design written by Sandro Carrara and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-09 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook demonstrates new paradigms for the interface between CMOS circuits and the biological world. A deep theoretical description of such an interface is defined and discussed, while various real applications are demonstrated by also discussing several analog CMOS circuits. Electrochemical techniques are proposed in detail to learn how to design integrated biosensors. Biological materials are described to provide devices selectivity. Nanoscale materials are discussed to provide device sensitivity. CMOS circuits are analyzed to provide real applications. Extensive examples with solutions are provided, as well as exercises at the end of each chapter. This book introduces students to the state-of-the-art in Bio/CMOS interfaces, describing leading-edge research in CMOS design and VLSI development for applications requiring intimate integration of biological molecules onto the chip. It provides multidisciplinary content ranging from biochemistry to CMOS design in order to address Bio/CMOS interface co-design in biosensing applications.

Download or read book Bio Medical CMOS ICs written by Hoi-Jun Yoo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-02 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on a graduate course entitled, Ubiquitous Healthcare Circuits and Systems, that was given by one of the editors at his university. It includes an introduction and overview to the field of biomedical ICs and provides information on the current trends in research. The material focuses on the design of biomedical ICs rather than focusing on how to use prepared ICs.

Download or read book Biosensors written by and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-05-05 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers novel and current strategies for biosensing, from the use of nanomaterials and biological functionalized surfaces to the mathematical assessment of novel biosensors and their potential use as wearable devices for continuous monitoring. Biosensing technologies can be used in the medical field for the early detection of disease, monitoring effectiveness of treatments, detecting nervous system signals for controlling robotic prosthesis, and much more. This book includes eleven chapters that examine and discuss several strategies of biosensing, proposing mathematical designs that address the latest reported technologies.

Download or read book Cmos Based Sensors and Actuators for Life Science Applications written by Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh and published by IET. This book was released on 2024-01-02 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CMOS technologies and their ongoing downscaling trend have opened an avenue to developing integrated systems for life sciences. This book explores the theoretical and practical aspects of CMOS biosensors and discusses the fundamentals of biological applications and microfabrication.

Download or read book CMOS Integrated Lab on a chip System for Personalized Biomedical Diagnosis written by Hao Yu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-04 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough examination of lab-on-a-chip circuit-level operations to improve system performance A rapidly aging population demands rapid, cost-effective, flexible, personalized diagnostics. Existing systems tend to fall short in one or more capacities, making the development of alternatives a priority. CMOS Integrated Lab-on-a-Chip System for Personalized Biomedical Diagnosis provides insight toward the solution, with a comprehensive, multidisciplinary reference to the next wave of personalized medicine technology. A standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication technology allows mass-production of large-array, miniaturized CMOS-integrated sensors from multi-modal domains with smart on-chip processing capability. This book provides an in-depth examination of the design and mechanics considerations that make this technology a promising platform for microfluidics, micro-electro-mechanical systems, electronics, and electromagnetics. From CMOS fundamentals to end-user applications, all aspects of CMOS sensors are covered, with frequent diagrams and illustrations that clarify complex structures and processes. Detailed yet concise, and designed to help students and engineers develop smaller, cheaper, smarter lab-on-a-chip systems, this invaluable reference: Provides clarity and insight on the design of lab-on-a-chip personalized biomedical sensors and systems Features concise analyses of the integration of microfluidics and micro-electro-mechanical systems Highlights the use of compressive sensing, super-resolution, and machine learning through the use of smart SoC processing Discusses recent advances in complementary metal oxide semiconductor-integrated lab-on-a-chip systems Includes guidance on DNA sequencing and cell counting applications using dual-mode chemical/optical and energy harvesting sensors The conventional reliance on the microscope, flow cytometry, and DNA sequencing leaves diagnosticians tied to bulky, expensive equipment with a central problem of scale. Lab-on-a-chip technology eliminates these constraints while improving accuracy and flexibility, ushering in a new era of medicine. This book is an essential reference for students, researchers, and engineers working in diagnostic circuitry and microsystems.

Download or read book Development of CMOS MEMS NEMS Devices written by Jaume Verd and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-06-25 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micro and nano-electro-mechanical system (M/NEMS) devices constitute key technological building blocks to enable increased additional functionalities within Integrated Circuits (ICs) in the More-Than-Moore era, as described in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. The CMOS ICs and M/NEMS dies can be combined in the same package (SiP), or integrated within a single chip (SoC). In the SoC approach the M/NEMS devices are monolithically integrated together with CMOS circuitry allowing the development of compact and low-cost CMOS-M/NEMS devices for multiple applications (physical sensors, chemical sensors, biosensors, actuators, energy actuators, filters, mechanical relays, and others). On-chip CMOS electronics integration can overcome limitations related to the extremely low-level signals in sub-micrometer and nanometer scale electromechanical transducers enabling novel breakthrough applications. This Special Issue aims to gather high quality research contributions dealing with MEMS and NEMS devices monolithically integrated with CMOS, independently of the final application and fabrication approach adopted (MEMS-first, interleaved MEMS, MEMS-last or others).]

Download or read book CMOS Test and Evaluation written by Manjul Bhushan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CMOS Test and Evaluation: A Physical Perspective is a single source for an integrated view of test and data analysis methodology for CMOS products, covering circuit sensitivities to MOSFET characteristics, impact of silicon technology process variability, applications of embedded test structures and sensors, product yield, and reliability over the lifetime of the product. This book also covers statistical data analysis and visualization techniques, test equipment and CMOS product specifications, and examines product behavior over its full voltage, temperature and frequency range.

Download or read book CMOS Circuits Used in Biomedical and Sub terahertz Applications written by Shahrzad Sheibani and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor (Si CMOS) technology has become an important part of the electronic industry after Moore's law predicted that the number of transistors increases every two years. Many research organizations and industries have taken advantage of the low power, low cost and high density of Si CMOS. Digital circuits have benefited from submicron CMOS technology, leading to super high-speed microprocessors, central processing units (CPUs), memories, etc. Downscaling of CMOS devices from micrometers to nanometers has pushed the oscillation frequency fmax and cut-off frequency ft to the sub-terahertz (sub-THz) region, offering tremendous applications in millimeter wave (mm-wave) using sub-THz circuits. Si CMOS has enabled remarkable applications in the biomedical and health care industry as well. Wireless biosensor networks exist that utilize CMOS technology for measuring and transmitting data such as body temperature, blood pressure, etc. This dissertation addresses two applications of Si CMOS in the low power biosensor and sub-THz area. Si CMOS is utilized to implement a wireless transponder system for antenna- based sensors used to simultaneously measure shear and pressure forces for diabetic foot diagnosis. The transponder is placed on the top surface of the shoe and consists of sensors and an identification system that transmits information to a receiver by modulating the signal reflected by the antenna sensor. The identification system includes an energy harvester, a crystal oscillator and a passive mixer. A single chip interrogation circuit has been designed in IBM 130 nm CMOS technology to reduce the size. The identification system, including bond pads has a size of 1.2 mm × 0.8 mm. Secondly, the design, layout, simulation and measurement result of a transistor-based mixer is presented. The mixer is designed in UMC 65nm technology with radio frequency (RF) at 200 GHz and local oscillator (LO) of 150 GHz. The novelty in this design lies in using a single transistor and simple mixer architecture. We utilize the high frequency performance of CMOS to understand how useful this technology can be for low power applications. We demonstrate a -20 dB conversion gain after a single fabrication pass. Passive circuit electro- magnetic modeling is critical in mixer design at these frequencies.