Download or read book Cloud Liquid Water Content Measurement Tests Using Dual wavelength Radar written by Brooks E. Martner and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of a Dual frequency Radar Cloud Liquid Water Content Retrieval Algorithm written by Courtney Laughlin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cloud microphysical properties, including liquid water content, greatly impact the Earth's radiation budget but have high uncertainties in global climate models. Although today's three-channel microwave radiometers provide the most trusted liquid water path retrievals, reliable liquid water content retrievals are not yet available. New efforts to improve the retrieval of cloud liquid water contents are underway. One such effort that retrieves cloud liquid water content using a dual-frequency radar differential absorption approach with total variation regularization techniques is evaluated here. One benefit of this method is that it only depends on differences in attenuation between the two frequency radars so there is no need for the radars to be calibrated. Differences in attenuation are proportional to the path-integrated liquid in the cloud and, therefore, can be used to retrieve liquid water contents at every height inside a cloud. This method is unreliable when ice particles or large drops with maximum dimensions greater than one third of the W-band wavelength of approximately 3 mm are present because the attenuation can appear to increase due to resonant scattering and not by absorption. Therefore, we limit the test cases in this study to low-level clouds consisting of only liquid water drops with diameters less than one third of the W-band wavelength. Using 65 test cases obtained from four different Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Program Research Facilities, we were able to reproduce the results of an earlier study based on a single case study period in which the radar-retrieved cloud liquid water paths fall within $\pm 0.3\,{\rm mm}$ of those retrieved from microwave radiometer measurements. The standard deviation of the differences between the radar- and microwave radiometer-retrieved cloud liquid water paths was 0.12 mm once outliers were removed. Analyzing the differences of the radar- and microwave radiometer-retrieved cloud liquid water paths as a function of the microwave radiometer-retrieved cloud liquid water paths, we found that the standard deviation of 0.12 mm was relatively constant for differences partitioned by microwave radiometer-retrieved cloud liquid water path. This implies that relative errors in radar-retrieved cloud liquid water paths were much larger for small values than for large ones. As a result, these retrievals are not sufficient for radiation studies in low liquid water path clouds but may be sufficient for some studies of clouds with large cloud liquid water paths.We found that radar-retrieved cloud liquid water contents were sensitive to the a priori profiles of cloud liquid water content used to initialize the retrieval. Several unphysical features in the radar-retrieved cloud liquid water content fields can be attributed to these a priori estimates and methods for removing them are discussed. Finally, this retrieval approach highlights the deleterious effects of errors in beam pointing. Improving the pointing accuracy of the W- and Ka-band radars would lead to the greatest improvements in the accuracy of the radar-retrieved cloud liquid water contents.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1028 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

Download or read book Monthly Catalogue United States Public Documents written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Publications Abstracts written by Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Publications Abstracts written by United States. National Telecommunications and Information Administration and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ground based Icing Condition Remote Sensing System Definition written by Andrew L. Reehorst and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Overview of Mount Washington Icing Sensors Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Icephobic Materials for Anti De icing Technologies written by Yizhou Shen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Programs and Plans written by Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 3S Technology Applications in Meteorology written by Shuanggen Jin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-10-19 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial information technology and its integration, such as remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), known as 3S technology, have been extensively utilized in managing and monitoring natural disasters. This book illustrates the 3S integrated applications in the field of meteorology and promotes the role of 3S in developing precise and intelligent meteorology. It presents the principles of 3S technology and the methods for monitoring different meteorological disasters and hazards as well as their application progress. The case studies from the United States, Japan, China, and Europe were conducted to help all countries understand the 3S technology functions in handling and monitoring severe meteorological hazards. FEATURES Presents integral observations from GNSS, GIS, and remote sensing in estimating and understanding meteorological changes Explains how to monitor and retrieve atmospheric parameter changes using GNSS and remote sensing Shows three-dimensional modelling and evaluations of meteorological variation processing based on GIS Helps meteorologists develop and use space-air-ground integrated observations for meteorological applications Illustrates the practices in monitoring meteorological hazards using space information techniques and case studies This book is intended for academics, researchers, and postgraduate students who specialize in geomatics, atmospheric science, and meteorology, as well as scientists who work in remote sensing and meteorology, and professionals who deal with meteorological hazards.

Download or read book Space Time Place written by Maurizio Forte and published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited. This book was released on 2010 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Third International Conference on Remote Sensing in Archaeology, 17th-21st August 2009, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Download or read book Aeronautical Enginnering A Cumulative Index to a Continuing Bibliography supplement 312 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Remote Sensing of In flight Icing Conditions written by Charles Curtis Ryerson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote-sensing systems that map aircraft icing conditions in the flight path from airports or aircraft would allow icing to be avoided and exited. Icing remote-sensing system development requires consideration of the operational environment, the meteorological environment, and the technology available. Operationally, pilots need unambiguous cockpit icing displays for risk management decision-making. Human factors, aircraft integration, integration of remotely sensed icing information into the weather system infrastructures, and avoid-and-exit issues need resolution. An icing remote-sensing system detects cloud and precipitation liquid water, drop size, and temperature. An algorithm is needed to convert these conditions into icing potential estimates for cockpit display. Specification development requires that magnitudes of cloud microphysical conditions and their spatial and temporal variability be understood at multiple scales. The core of an icing remote-sensing system is the technology that senses icing microphysical conditions. Radar and microwave radiometers penetrate clouds and can estimate liquid water and drop size. Airport-based radar or radiometers are the most viable near-term technologies. A radiometer that profiles cloud liquid water, and experimental techniques to use radiometers horizontally, are promising. The most critical operational research needs are to assess cockpit and aircraft system integration, develop avoid-and-exit protocols, assess human factors, and integrate remote-sensing information into weather and air traffic control infrastructures. This report reviews operational, meteorological, and technological considerations in developing the capability to remotely map in-flight icing conditions from the ground and from the air.