Download or read book Clinical Genetic and Molecular Precursor Features in Colorectal Neoplasia written by Kjetil Søreide and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding of the mechanisms that explain the initiation and early evolution of colorectal cancer is evolving. This should facilitate the development of new approaches to effective prevention and intervention. Over the past years, deficiencies in the current adenoma-carcinoma model for colorectal cancer, in which APC mutation is placed at the point of initiation, have been suggested. Several pathways through which cancer may develop seem to exist, such as 'chromosomal instability' (CIN), 'microsatellite instability' (MSI), and most recently the 'serrated pathway' involving epigenetic changes. Parallel to discoveries in molecular pathways are the increased awareness of early and precursor features of the colorectal mucosa detected and treated by endoscopic and minimal-invasive techniques. Thus, new staging and classification systems have been developed to guide the clinician in diagnosis and choice of treatment. This book sets focus on selected clinical and molecular aspects of colorectal precursor lesions; from the endoscopically detected colorectal polyp, major molecular mechanisms, and aspects of protease-systems in colorectal cancer development. Future research on colorectal cancer needs to be stratified according to the appropriate clinical features and their associated genetic pathways involved in order to further explore important molecular mechanisms and clinicopathological consequences of chromosomal, microsatellite and epigenetic mechanisms.
Download or read book Molecular Genetics of Colorectal Neoplasia written by James M. Church and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Genetics of Colorectal Neoplasia A Primer for the Clinician provides the latest information on the genetics of colorectal cancer within a context of basic genetics, describing the subject in understandable language and making it clinically relevant. In this way, clinicians can become familiar with genetic terms and techniques related to colorectal neoplasia, providing a background upon which to build an appreciation of future advances and an ability to include them in the practicalities of patient care. This edition is intended for the healthcare provider or industry concerned with colorectal neoplasia: including general and colorectal surgeons, pathologists, oncologists, gastroenterologists, internal medicine and family practice physicians, nurses, geneticists, counsellors, registry co-ordinators, epidemiologists, and statisticians.
Download or read book Molecular Genetics and Colorectal Neoplasia written by James M. Church and published by Igaku-Shoin Medical Publishers. This book was released on 1996 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clinical Significance and Molecular Features of the Serrated Colorectal Cancer Pathway written by Jennifer Liang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) affects approximately 150,000 Americans and 2716 New Zealanders annually, and approximately one third of Americans and 45 percent of New Zealanders will eventually succumb to the condition. In the past, CRC has been one of the best understood malignancies in terms of its molecular alterations. The first step of carcinogenesis involves the development of pre-malignant lesions (polyps) in the colonic mucosa. Certain histological features of the polyp determine its malignant potential, and the risk of cancer will be significantly reduced if all the precursor lesions are removed endoscopically. However, despite close surveillance, many studies have shown that a significant number of CRCs will still develop. This could be because some cancers are missed on prior endoscopy, their precursor lesions are not easily recognised at the time of colonoscopy, or they may be a result of rapid development of cancer. There are two major polyp subtypes which serve as precursors to colorectal cancers (adenoma and serrated polyps). Colorectal cancers mostly arise from adenomas but a lesser proportion can arise from serrated polyps. Once thought to be harmless, the spectrum of serrated colorectal polyps includes some potentially dangerous lesions, such as the sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P) and the traditional serrated adenoma (TSA). SSA/Ps develop through a distinct molecular pathway featuring proto-oncogene B-Raf or v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutations, hypermethylation of CpG sites in gene promoters, and loss of expression of mismatch repair gene MLH1. The first part of this thesis focuses on determining the natural history of serrated neoplasms, and the endoscopic detection and treatment of these lesions in Cleveland Clinic, Ohio. The main body of the thesis is based on the hypothesis that hypermethylation of CpG islands results in epigenetic silencing of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) that function as tumour suppressors, and this silencing results in increased cell growth and development of serrated neoplasia. Methods and Results: In the first part of thesis I have determeined the natural history of the serrated polyps, compared their detection rate with the adenoma detection rate, and have demonstrated that endoscopic removal of these precursor lesions is feasible. microRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators that may function as tumor suppressors. Previously, with global DNA methylation screening, miR-1247 is found to be hypermethylated in three methylated tumors when compared with three non-methylated tumors and normal colonic mucosa. By TaqMan® quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), this was further confirmed in 20 tumours of each group. Treatment with the DNA de-methylation reagent, 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5'-Aza), has resulted in upregulation of miR-1247 expression in CRC cell lines. Transiently transfected miR-1247 cells have shown reduced cell growth and less cell migration in vitro. Moreover, stable transfected miR-1247 cells have significantly impaired tumour development when implanted into immunocompromised mice. These results strongly suggest that miR-1247 is a tumor suppressor. Demethylation with 5'-Aza has significantly decreased tumor growth in nude mice. The predicted gene target of miR-1247 is E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MYCBP2 also known as myc-binding protein 2 or protein associates with myc (PAM), a significant decrease in MYCBP2 protein levels has been seen in cells transfected with miR-1247. Moreover, inhibition of endogenous miR-1247 by a miR inhibitor significantly has increased MYCBP2 expression. Direct targeting of MYCBP2 3'UTR by miR-1247 is confirmed with luciferase assays. Most importantly, with immunohistochemistry staining, a reciprocal relationship between MYCBP2 expression and miR-1247 level in seven methylated versus non-methylated cancers has been demonstrated. Conclusion: This thesis has demonstrated that epigenetic regulation plays an important part in the tumorigenesis of serrated CRC. DNA hypermethylation is a key feature in this subtype of colorectal CRC, which in turn suppresses miR-1247 expression and causes an increase in MYCBP2 and its downstream MYC protein. The findings of this thesis open up a whole new area for therapeutic approaches in the treatment of serrated colorectal cancer.
Download or read book Focus on Cancer Research written by Carlos M. Alvarez and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focus on Cancer Research
Download or read book Molecular Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer written by Kevin M. Haigis, Ph.D. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-02 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colorectal cancer has for more than two decades served as the paradigm for the multi-step concept of cancer initiation and progression. Perhaps more than any other organ site, cancer of the colon is extensively characterized at the molecular level. We are now entering a time when molecular classification, rather than histologic classification, of cancer subtypes is driving the development of clinical trials with emerging targeted therapies. The book will focus on the progression from the identification of mutations that drive colorectal cancer initiation and progression to the search for novel therapies to treat the disease.
Download or read book Colorectal Cancer in Clinical Practice written by Bernard Levin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-23 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid rate of development in the fields of prevention, early detection and management for colorectal cancer means that the successful first edition of this accessible guide has needed to be updated and revised throughout. Primary care physicians and specialists alike will continue to find this an indispensable synopsis of the issues and options.
Download or read book Genetics of Colorectal Cancer written by John D. Potter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-12-08 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic susceptibility refers to how variations in a person’s genes increase or decrease his or her susceptibility to environmental factors, such as chemicals, radiation and lifestyle (diet and smoking). This volume will explore the latest findings in the area of genetic susceptibility to gastrointestinal cancers, focusing on molecular epidemiology, DNA repair, and gene-environment interactions to identify factors that affect the incidence of GI cancers. Topics will include germline susceptibility, including Mendelian patterns of inheritance and gene-environment interactions that lead to cancer etiology.
Download or read book Hereditary Colorectal Cancer written by Miguel A. Rodriguez-Bigas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-11-07 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the US and the third most recently linked to cancer deaths. The national annual incidence rate of colorectal cancer is approximately 148,000+, striking slightly more females than males. The lifetime risk of colorectal cancer is 5-6%, however patients with a familial risk (with two or more first or second degree relatives) make up 20% of the patients. Persons who carry genetic mutations linked to hereditary colorectal cancer are the most likely to develop the disease.
Download or read book Pancreatic Cancer written by Douglas B. Evans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MD Anderson Solid Tumor Oncology series presents cutting-edge surgical treatment and medical therapy for specific sites. This volume, Pancreatic Cancer, addresses epidemiology and molecular biology, inherited syndromes, staging, surgical techniques, multimodality therapy, and emerging therapies. The individual chapters focus on narrow, specific topics to produce a reference work of value to those interested in pancreatic cancer from a clinical and translational research perspective. A must-have for surgical oncologists and general surgeons.
Download or read book Essential Concepts in Molecular Pathology written by William B. Coleman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-23 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential Concepts in Molecular Pathology, Second Edition, offers an introduction to molecular genetics and the "molecular" aspects of human disease. The book illustrates how pathologists harness their understanding of these entities to develop new diagnostics and treatments for various human diseases. This new edition offers pathology, genetics residents, and molecular pathology fellows an advanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms of disease that goes beyond what they learned in medical and graduate school. By bridging molecular concepts of pathogenesis to the clinical expression of disease in cell, tissue and organ, this fully updated, introductory reference provides the background necessary for an understanding of today's advances in pathology and medicine. - Explains the practice of "molecular medicine" and the translational aspects of molecular pathology, including molecular diagnostics, molecular assessment and personalized medicine - Orients non-pathologists on what pathologists look for and how they interpret their observational findings based on histopathology - Provides the reader with what is missing from most targeted introductions to pathology—the cell biology behind pathophysiology
Download or read book Gastrointestinal Pathology written by Gregory Y. Lauwers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 837 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An illustrated guide to best practices when performing and assessing biopsies for GI conditions of all kinds Accurate diagnosis of GI conditions necessarily entails both the careful taking of biopsies and the informed analysis of tissue material. With that being so, gastroenterologists and GI pathologists alike must have a solid understanding of the techniques, handling requirements, and diagnostic characteristics involved if they are to collaborate effectively. Gastrointestinal Pathology has been designed to provide a clinically focussed and richly illustrated guide to real-world scenarios faced by practicing GI specialists, offering step-by-step instruction and professional advice on the correct diagnosis of all major GI conditions. This essential new book includes: Full-color illustrations throughout Complete details of biopsy samples required to diagnose specific conditions Reviews of differential diagnoses Clinical management clues based on pathologic findings Featuring information to improve the practice of all gastroenterologists and GI pathologists, Gastrointestinal Pathology is a practical and every-day resource for the precise diagnosis of a wide range of GI conditions.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Pathology written by William B. Coleman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-09 with total page 805 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the molecular basis of human disease becomes better characterized, and the implications for understanding the molecular basis of disease becomes realized through improved diagnostics and treatment, Molecular Pathology, Second Edition stands out as the most comprehensive textbook where molecular mechanisms represent the focus. It is uniquely concerned with the molecular basis of major human diseases and disease processes, presented in the context of traditional pathology, with implications for translational molecular medicine. The Second Edition of Molecular Pathology has been thoroughly updated to reflect seven years of exponential changes in the fields of genetics, molecular, and cell biology which molecular pathology translates in the practice of molecular medicine. The textbook is intended to serve as a multi-use textbook that would be appropriate as a classroom teaching tool for biomedical graduate students, medical students, allied health students, and others (such as advanced undergraduates). Further, this textbook will be valuable for pathology residents and other postdoctoral fellows that desire to advance their understanding of molecular mechanisms of disease beyond what they learned in medical/graduate school. In addition, this textbook is useful as a reference book for practicing basic scientists and physician scientists that perform disease-related basic science and translational research, who require a ready information resource on the molecular basis of various human diseases and disease states. - Explores the principles and practice of molecular pathology: molecular pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms of disease, and how the molecular pathogenesis of disease parallels the evolution of the disease - Explains the practice of "molecular medicine and the translational aspects of molecular pathology - Teaches from the perspective of "integrative systems biology - Enhanced digital version included with purchase
Download or read book WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System written by F. T. Bosman and published by International Agency for Research on Cancer. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System presented in this book reflects the views of a Working Group that convened for an Editorial and Consensus Conference at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, December 10-12, 2009"--P. [5].
Download or read book European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Diagnosis written by Nereo Segnan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recoge: 1. Introduction -- 2. Organisation -- Guiding principles for organising a colorectal cancer screening programme -- 3. Evaluation and interpretation of screening outcomes -- 4. Faecal occult blood testing -- 5. Quality assurance in endoscopy in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis -- 6. Professional requirements and training -- 7. Quality assurance in pathology in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis -- 8. Management of lesions detected in colorectal cancer screening -- 9. Colonoscopic surveillance following adenoma removal --10. Communication -- Appendices.
Download or read book Pheochromocytoma written by Karel Pacak and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pheochromocytomas are rare but treacherous catecholamine-producing tumors, which if missed or not properly treated, will almost invariably prove fatal. Prompt diagnosis is, therefore, essential for effective treatment, usually by surgical resection. The manifestations are diverse and the tumor can mimic a variety of conditions, often resulting in either erroneous diagnoses or a delayed diagnosis. Reflecting the recent leaps in understanding this condition, Pheochromocytoma: Diagnosis, Localization, and Treatment provides a comprehensive update on the improvements in the diagnosis, localization, management and treatment of pheochromocytomas – providing you with the latest cutting edge science alongside best clinical practice. Written by the leading names in the field, the text details the significant developments in understanding the genetics and biology of the tumors, coupled with technological advances in the fields of analytical chemistry, genomics, molecular biology and nuclear medicine. The most comprehensive book on pheochromocytoma Provides cutting edge science and clinical guidance Written by the leading names in the field Authors present their recently developed novel biochemical test for the diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma
