Download or read book Clinical Aspects of Inflammation in Non small Cell Lung Cancer written by Andrea Koch and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inflammation and Lung Cancer written by Steven M. Dubinett and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-24 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years there have been various discoveries connecting inflammation and lung cancer and clearly there is growing interest in this area of cancer research. The link between unresolved inflammation and cancer has been well established with estimates that 15% of cancer deaths are inflammation‐related. Evidence for this link includes the following: a) some inflammatory diseases are associated with increased risk of cancer development; b) inflammatory mediators are present surrounding and within most tumors; c) overexpression of inflammatory cytokines increases cancer development and progression in murine studies; d) inhibition of inflammatory mediators decreases cancer development and progression; and e) the use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been found to decrease cancer incidence and delay progression. The volume will present aspects of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME), its many roles in tumor progression and metastasis, including creation of a hypoxic environment, increased angiogenesis and invasion, changes in expression of micro‐RNAs (miRNAs) and an increase in a stem cell phenotype. The book will also cover the mechanisms of inflammatory mediators. Chronic overexpression of inflammatory mediators in the TME, as seen in smokers and patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), can also lead to increased tumor initiation, progression, invasion and metastasis. The volume will provide a comprehensive perspective of the latest findings and summaries of progress made regarding inflammation and its connection to lung cancer.

Download or read book Tumor promoting Inflammation in Non small Cell Lung Cancer written by RUI LI and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in the U.S.. The overall 5-year survival of lung cancer patients is less than 20%. The majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced stage disease. While progress has been made with targeted therapies, 5-year survival has so far improved in an incremental manner. Lung cancer is characterized by a prominent inflammatory tumor microenvironment, which in turn represents an important prognostic factor in patients. Unresolved inflammatory conditions promoted by smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung diseases increase the risk of developing lung cancer. Therefore, tumor-promoting inflammation may play a significant role in cancer initiation and progression. The first part of this dissertation focuses on the effect of the tumor suppressor LKB1 on promoting an inflammatory microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Loss of function of LKB1/STK11 is evident in approximately 30% of primary NSCLC. In murine lung cancer models, Kras and Lkb1 double mutation generates highly metastatic lung tumors with different histological types. Although a variety of different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the tumor-promoting effects underlying LKB1 deficiency, no effective therapy has been applied clinically; loss of function mutations presents a therapeutic challenge. Most recently, studies have indicated that LKB1 loss favors an immune-suppressive microenvironment characterized by prominent inflammation, suggesting a new perspective for therapies. Utilizing normal human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) which were immortalized in the absence of viral onco-proteins, we find that knockdown of LKB1 elevates the production of multiple inflammatory proteins, among which CXCR2 ligands are the most abundantly secreted. Our data indicate that knockdown of LKB1 in HBECs leads to transcriptional and translational upregulation of CXCR2 ligands and conversely, forced expression of wild-type LKB1 in LKB1-null NSCLC tumor cells decreases CXCR2 ligand production. Non-supervised clustering analysis further reveals KRAS and LKB1 double mutation in human NSCLC cell lines predicts higher levels of CXCR2 ligands. In addition, gene expression analysis shows that CXCR2 ligands are also significantly elevated in murine KrasG12D; Lkb1-/- lung tumors compared to KrasG12D and KrasG12D; Tp53-/- tumors. Dissection of the underlying mechanisms reveals that the NF- B and WNT pathways regulate CXCR2 ligands downstream of LKB1. Surprisingly, regulation of the NF- B pathway by LKB1 is independent of AMPK, but requires the MARK family proteins. Knockdown of MARKs or inhibition of MARK function by a small chemical inhibitor in HBECs recapitulates LKB1 loss-induced NF- B activation and subsequent CXCR2 ligand upregulation. CXCR2 ligands have been reported to play an important role in tumor initiation and progression via recruitment of immune cells and endothelial cells in a variety of cancer types including NSCLC. Therefore, our findings suggest that elevation of CXCR2 ligands by LKB1 deficiency facilitates tumor development by creating a tumor-favored microenvironment. Investigating the contribution of CXCR2 ligands to LKB1-dependent malignancy may aid in the development of novel prevention as well as therapeutic strategies against LKB1-null NSCLC. The second part of this dissertation examines the impact of dysregulated inflammation on cancer progression. The plasticity of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program has been considered to be an essential element regulating cancer metastasis. Cancer cells undergoing EMT need to maintain the mesenchymal phenotype during metastasis but revert back to epithelial phenotypes for successful outgrowth of clones at metastatic sites. However, the determinants of EMT plasticity are not yet clear and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored. Recently, we have found that a subset of NSCLC cells undergo EMT in the presence of cytokines including IL-1 , TNF- and TGF- (within 7 days), and this occurs concomitantly with increased cell migration and invasion. In addition, chronic exposure to these inflammatory cytokines leads to EMT memory, which refers to the phenomenon in which cells are able to maintain EMT despite withdrawal of the original stimulus. Intriguingly, in contrast to the acute EMT process, EMT memory uniquely depends on chronic cytokine exposure, and not on the signaling pathways (JNK/ERK) and transcription factors (fra-1/slug) mediating the acute EMT. Further studies demonstrate that E-cadherin is repressed via a dynamic alteration of histone modifications and subsequent DNA methylation during chronic IL-1 exposure. Furthermore, a pathway analysis of the RNA profile of these cells indicates that a large portion of the altered genes can be methylated. Phenotypically, EMT memory allows cancer cells to maintain highly migratory and invasive features during metastasis. These findings, for the first time, demonstrate that EMT memory is uniquely induced by chronic inflammation and identifies epigenetic modifications as its underlying mechanism. Better understanding of EMT will ultimately assist in the identification of targets for preventing and treating metastatic behaviors in lung cancer.

Download or read book Inflammation and Cancer written by Bharat B. Aggarwal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines in detail the role of chronic inflammatory processes in the development of several types of cancer. Leading experts describe the latest results of molecular and cellular research on infection, cancer-related inflammation and tumorigenesis. Further, the clinical significance of these findings in preventing cancer progression and approaches to treating the diseases are discussed. Individual chapters cover cancer of the lung, colon, breast, brain, head and neck, pancreas, prostate, bladder, kidney, liver, cervix and skin as well as gastric cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma.

Download or read book Who Classification of Tumours of the Lung Pleura Thymus and Heart written by International Agency for Research on Cancer and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-03-16 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WHO Classification of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart is the seventh volume in the Fourth Edition of the WHO series on histological and genetic typing of human tumors. This authoritative, concise reference book provides an international standard for oncologists and pathologists and will serve as an indispensable guide for use in the design of studies monitoring response to therapy and clinical outcome.

Download or read book Diseases of the Chest Breast Heart and Vessels 2019 2022 written by Juerg Hodler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-19 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book focuses on diagnostic and interventional imaging of the chest, breast, heart, and vessels. It consists of a remarkable collection of contributions authored by internationally respected experts, featuring the most recent diagnostic developments and technological advances with a highly didactical approach. The chapters are disease-oriented and cover all the relevant imaging modalities, including standard radiography, CT, nuclear medicine with PET, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as imaging-guided interventions. As such, it presents a comprehensive review of current knowledge on imaging of the heart and chest, as well as thoracic interventions and a selection of "hot topics". The book is intended for radiologists, however, it is also of interest to clinicians in oncology, cardiology, and pulmonology.

Download or read book Thoracic Tumours written by W. H. O. Classification WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board and published by . This book was released on 2021-04-21 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ****When not purchasing directly from the official sales agents of the WHO, especially at online bookshops, please note that there have been issues with counterfeited copies. Buy only from known sellers and if there are quality issues, please contact the seller for a refund.***** Thoracic Tumoursis the fifth available volume in the fifth edition of the WHO series on the classification of human tumours. This series (also known as the WHO Blue Books) is regarded as the gold standard for the diagnosis of tumours and comprises a unique synthesis of histopathological diagnosis with digital and molecular pathology. These authoritative and concise reference books provide indispensable international standards for anyone involved in the care of patients with cancer or in cancer research, underpinning individual patient treatment as well as research into all aspects of cancer causation, prevention, therapy, and education. What's new in this edition? The fifth edition, guided by the WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, establishes a single coherent cancer classification presented across a collection of individual volumes organized on the basis of anatomical site (digestive system, breast, soft tissue and bone, etc.) and structured in a systematic manner, with each tumour type listed within a taxonomic classification: site, category, family (class), type, and subtype. In each volume, the entities are now listed from benign to malignant and are described under an updated set of headings, including histopathology, diagnostic molecular pathology, staging, and easy-to-read essential and desirable diagnostic criteria. Who should read this book? * Pathologists * Oncologists * Respiratory physicians * Thoracic radiologists * Cancer researchers * Surgeons * Epidemiologists * Cancer registrars This volume: * Prepared by 217 authors and editors * Contributors from around the world * More than 1000 high-quality images * More than 3500 references

Download or read book Rapid On site Evaluation ROSE written by Guoping Cai and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces basic ROSE techniques and resources required to set up ROSE service. It reviews the cytomorphologic features that are recognizable during ROSE, including those important for sample adequacy, specimen triage, preliminary interpretation, and potential diagnostic pitfalls. Economic and regulatory aspects are discussed as well as the pros and cons of telecytology. The book is formatted for clinical settings, simulating the ROSE process that occurs in the ultrasound room, CT room, bronchoscopy suite, and endoscopy suite. Each chapter focuses on the cytomorphologic clues and pitfalls of the entities specific to that clinical setting. Rapid On-Site Evaluation: A Practical Guide will be a valuable resource for pathologists, cytotechnologists, physicians who perform biopsies and/or ROSE evaluation, and trainees for utilizing ROSE and improving diagnostic performance of biopsies.

Download or read book Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate written by Andrew W. Bruce and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carcinoma of the prostate increasingly dominates the attention of urologists for both scientific and clinical reasons. The search for an explanation and the prediction of the variable behaviour of the malignant prostatic cell continues unabated. The search for more precise tumour staging and more effective treatment is equally vigorous. Editors Andrew Bruce and John Trachtenberg have assembled acknowledged leaders in prostate cancer to present those areas of direct interest to the clinician. There are a number of other topics that might have been considered but most of these, such as experimental tumour models or biochemical factors affecting cell growth, still lack immediate application for the clinician. Carcinoma of the prostate continues to have its highest incidence in the western world, and the difference in comparison with the incidence in the Far East appears to be real and not masked by diagnostic or other factors. A number of other epidemiological aspects need careful analysis: Is the incidence increasing? Is the survival improving? Is the prognosis worse in the younger patient? Epidemiological data are easily misused and misinterpreted so that a precise analysis of the known facts makes an important opening chapter to this book.

Download or read book Radiation and the Immune System Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives written by Katalin Lumniczky and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-05-03 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For long, high dose ionizing radiation was considered as a net immune suppressing agent, as shown, among others, by the exquisite radiosensitivity of the lymphoid system to radiation-induced cell killing. However, recent advances in radiobiology and immunology have made this picture more complex. For example, the recognition that radiation-induced bystander effects, share common mediators with various immunological signalling processes, suggests that they are at least partly immune mediated. Another milestone was the finding, in the field of onco-immunology, that local tumor irradiation can modulate the immunogenicity of tumor cells and the anti-tumor immune responsiveness both locally, in the tumor microenvironment, and at systemic level. These observations paved the way for studies exploring optimal combinations of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in order to achieve a synergistic effect to eradicate tumors. However, not all interactions between radiation and the immune system are beneficial, as it was recognized that many of radiation-induced late side effects are also of immune and inflammatory nature. Currently perhaps the most studied field of research in radiation biology is focused around the biological effects of low doses, where many of the observed pathophysiological endpoints are due to mechanisms other than direct radiation-induced cell killing and are immune-related. Finally, it must not be forgotten that the interactions between the ionizing radiations and the immune system are bi-directional, and activation of the immune system also influences the outcome of radiation exposure. This Research Topic brings together 23 articles and aims to give an overview of the complex and very often contradictory nature of the interactions between ionizing radiation and the immune system. Due to its increasing penetrance in the population both through medical diagnostic or environmental sources or during cosmic travel low dose ionizing radiation exposure is becoming a major epidemiological concern world-wide. Several of the articles within the Research Topic specifically address potential long-term health consequences and the underlying mechanisms of low dose radiation exposure. A major intention of the Editors was also to draw the attention of the non-radiobiological scientific community on the fact that ionizing radiation is by far more than purely an immune suppressing agent.

Download or read book Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy written by Simon S. Lo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-28 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as an important innovative treatment for various primary and metastatic cancers. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the physical/technological, biological, and clinical aspects of SBRT. It will serve as a detailed resource for this rapidly developing treatment modality. The organ sites covered include lung, liver, spine, pancreas, prostate, adrenal, head and neck, and female reproductive tract. Retrospective studies and prospective clinical trials on SBRT for various organ sites from around the world are examined, and toxicities and normal tissue constraints are discussed. This book features unique insights from world-renowned experts in SBRT from North America, Asia, and Europe. It will be necessary reading for radiation oncologists, radiation oncology residents and fellows, medical physicists, medical physics residents, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, and cancer scientists.

Download or read book Molecular Pathology of Lung Cancer written by Philip T. Cagle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-14 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As with other books in the Molecular Pathology Library Series, Molecular Pathology of Lung Cancer bridges the gap between the molecular specialist and the clinical practitioner, including the surgical pathologist who now has a key role in decisions regarding molecular targeted therapy for lung cancer. Molecular Pathology of Lung Cancer provides the latest information and current insights into the molecular basis for lung cancer, including precursor and preinvasive lesions, molecular diagnosis, molecular targeted therapy, molecular prognosis, molecular radiology and related fields for lung cancer generally and for the specific cell types. As many fundamental concepts about lung cancer have undergone revision in only the past few years, this book will likely be the first to comprehensively cover the new molecular pathology of lung cancer. It provides a foundation in this field for pathologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, thoracic surgeons, thoracic radiologists and their trainees, physician assistants, and nursing staff.

Download or read book Prognostic Factors in Cancer written by Paul Hermanek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: M. K. Gospodarowicz, P. Hermanek, and D. E. Henson Attention to innovations in cancer treatment has tended to eclipse the importance of prognostic assessment. However, the recognition that prognostic factors often have a greater impact on outcome than available therapies and the proliferation of biochemical, molecular, and genetic markers have resulted in renewed interest in this field. The outcome in patients with cancer is determined by a combination of numerous factors. Presently, the most widely recognized are the extent of disease, histologic type of tumor, and treatment. It has been known for some time that additional factors also influence outcome. These include histologic grade, lymphatic or vascular invasion, mitotic index, performance status, symptoms, and most recently genetic and biochemical markers. It is the aim of this volume to compile those prognostic factors that have emerged as important determinants of outcome for tumors at various sites. This compilation represents the first phase of a more extensive process to integrate all prognostic factors in cancer to further enhance the prediction of outcome following treatment. Certain issues surround ing the assessment and reporting of prognostic factors are also considered. Importance of Prognostic Factors Prognostic factors in cancer often have an immense influence on outcome, while treatment often has a much weaker effect. For example, the influence of the presence of lymph node involvement on survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer is much greater than the effect of adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen in the same group of patients [5].

Download or read book The Resolution of Inflammation written by Adriano Rossi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-17 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with an up-to-date and comprehensive view on the resolution of inflammation and on new developments in this area, including pro-resolution mediators, apoptosis, macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells, possible novel drug developments.

Download or read book Rare Genitourinary Tumors written by Lance Pagliaro and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-28 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare Genitourinary Tumors offers the reader an up-to-date discussion of the less common neoplasms affecting the urinary tract and reproductive organs. Each authoritative chapter provides and in-depth discussion that is frequently not found in other urologic oncology textbooks. A valuable reference for urologists, oncologists, and those in specialty training, this volume provides ready access to information on etiology, incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, prognosis, insights from molecular pathology and, where applicable, data from clinical trials. The practical treatment guidelines included for each tumor type are written by experts and fully referenced.

Download or read book Cancer and Inflammation Mechanisms written by Yusuke Hiraku and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-19 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new perspective on the link between inflammation and cancer Inflammation is the human body’s normal biological response to threats in the modern world, as well as a defense against the harmful influence of pathogens, the environment, and poor nutrition. But what happens when the inflammatory response is triggered repeatedly and sustained for long periods of time? Cancer and Inflammation Mechanisms: Chemical, Biological, and Clinical Aspects discusses the mechanisms by which chronic inflammation can lead to cancer, the various causative agents, and possible prevention methods. A compilation of the latest information coming out of the various fields of cancer research, this book provides a detailed look at inflammation-related carcinogenesis from the perspective of researchers at the forefront of the field. It takes an interdisciplinary approach to the topic, and provides comprehensive information about the major factors at work in inflammation, cancer, and the intersection of the two conditions. Topics include: A general overview of inflammation-related cancer The biochemistry of inflammation and its effects on DNA Molecular biology and the role of microRNA in carcinogenesis Specific causative agents including oncogenic viruses, asbestos, and nanomaterial Anti-inflammatories, nutraceuticals, and other preventative measures A deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind inflammation-related carcinogenesis can lead to better patient outcomes by improving diagnostics and prevention, as well as altering the approach to treatment. Cancer and Inflammation Mechanisms: Chemical, Biological, and Clinical Aspects provides the knowledge base researchers need to push the field forward.

Download or read book Atlas of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology written by Henryk A. Domanski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-13 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers all of the diagnostic areas where FNAC is used today. This includes palpable lesions and lesions sampled using various radiological methods, and correlations with ancillary examinations detailed on an entity-by-entity basis. As well as being a complete atlas of the facts and findings important to FNAC, this atlas is a guide to diagnostic methods that optimize health care. The interaction of the cytologist or cytopathologist with other specialists (radiologists, oncologists and surgeons) involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspicious mass lesions is emphasized and illustrated throughout. With contributions from experts in the field internationally and abundant colour images Atlas of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology provides a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to FNAC for pathologists, cytopathologists, radiologists, oncologists, surgeons and others involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspicious mass lesions.