Download or read book The Nature of Classification written by J. Wilkins and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discussing the generally ignored issue of the classification of natural objects in the philosophy of science, this book focuses on knowledge and social relations, and offers a way to understand classification as a necessary aspect of doing science.
Download or read book Natural Kinds and Classification in Scientific Practice written by Catherine Kendig and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume of 13 new essays aims to turn past discussions of natural kinds on their head. Instead of presenting a metaphysical view of kinds based largely on an unempirical vantage point, it pursues questions of kindedness which take the use of kinds and activities of kinding in practice as significant in the articulation of them as kinds. The book brings philosophical study of current and historical episodes and case studies from various scientific disciplines to bear on natural kinds as traditionally conceived of within metaphysics. Focusing on these practices reveals the different knowledge-producing activities of kinding and processes involved in natural kind use, generation, and discovery. Specialists in their field, the esteemed group of contributors use diverse empirically responsive approaches to explore the nature of kindhood. This groundbreaking volume presents detailed case studies that exemplify kinding in use. Newly written for this volume, each chapter engages with the activities of kinding across a variety of disciplines. Chapter topics include the nature of kinds, kindhood, kinding, and kind-making in linguistics, chemical classification, neuroscience, gene and protein classification, colour theory in applied mathematics, homology in comparative biology, sex and gender identity theory, memory research, race, extended cognition, symbolic algebra, cartography, and geographic information science. The volume seeks to open up an as-yet unexplored area within the emerging field of philosophy of science in practice, and constitutes a valuable addition to the disciplines of philosophy and history of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
Download or read book The Classification of the Sciences written by Ira Woods Howerth and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Classification of Knowledge in Islam written by Osman Bakar and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Classification in the Wild written by Konstantinos V. Katsikopoulos and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rules for building formal models that use fast-and-frugal heuristics, extending the psychological study of classification to the real world of uncertainty. This book focuses on classification--allocating objects into categories--"in the wild," in real-world situations and far from the certainty of the lab. In the wild, unlike in typical psychological experiments, the future is not knowable and uncertainty cannot be meaningfully reduced to probability. Connecting the science of heuristics with machine learning, the book shows how to create formal models using classification rules that are simple, fast, and transparent and that can be as accurate as mathematically sophisticated algorithms developed for machine learning.
Download or read book Sorting Things Out written by Geoffrey C. Bowker and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000-08-25 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revealing and surprising look at how classification systems can shape both worldviews and social interactions. What do a seventeenth-century mortality table (whose causes of death include "fainted in a bath," "frighted," and "itch"); the identification of South Africans during apartheid as European, Asian, colored, or black; and the separation of machine- from hand-washables have in common? All are examples of classification—the scaffolding of information infrastructures. In Sorting Things Out, Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world. In a clear and lively style, they investigate a variety of classification systems, including the International Classification of Diseases, the Nursing Interventions Classification, race classification under apartheid in South Africa, and the classification of viruses and of tuberculosis. The authors emphasize the role of invisibility in the process by which classification orders human interaction. They examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary. They also explore systems of classification as part of the built information environment. Much as an urban historian would review highway permits and zoning decisions to tell a city's story, the authors review archives of classification design to understand how decisions have been made. Sorting Things Out has a moral agenda, for each standard and category valorizes some point of view and silences another. Standards and classifications produce advantage or suffering. Jobs are made and lost; some regions benefit at the expense of others. How these choices are made and how we think about that process are at the moral and political core of this work. The book is an important empirical source for understanding the building of information infrastructures.
Download or read book Perspectives on Classification in Synthetic Sciences written by Julia R. S. Bursten and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume launches a new series of contemporary conversations about scientific classification. Most philosophical conversations about kinds have focused centrally or solely on natural kinds, that is, kinds whose existence is not dependent on the scientific process of synthesis. This volume refocuses conversations about classification on unnatural, or synthetic, kinds via extensive study of three paradigm cases of unnatural kinds: nanomaterials, stem cells, and synthetic biology.
Download or read book The Classification of the Sciences written by Herbert Spencer and published by . This book was released on 1864 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Power of Position written by Robert D. Montoya and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-05-24 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How biodiversity classification, with its ranking of species, has social and political implications as well as implications for the field of information studies. The idea that species live in nature as pure and clear-cut named individuals is a fiction, as scientists well know. According to Robert D. Montoya, classifications are powerful mechanisms and we must better attend to the machinations of power inherent in them, as well as to how the effects of this power proliferate beyond the boundaries of their original intent. We must acknowledge the many ways our classifications are implicated in environmental, ecological, and social justice work—and information specialists must play a role in updating our notions of what it means to classify. In Power of Position, Montoya shows how classifications are systems that relate one entity with other entities, requiring those who construct a system to value an entity’s relative importance—by way of its position—within a system of other entities. These practices, says Montoya, are important ways of constituting and exerting power. Classification also has very real-world consequences. An animal classified as protected and endangered, for example, is protected by law. Montoya also discusses the Catalogue of Life, a new kind of composite classification that reconciles many local (“traditional”) taxonomies, forming a unified taxonomic backbone structure for organizing biological data. Finally, he shows how the theories of information studies are applicable to realms far beyond those of biological classification.
Download or read book Herbert Spencer and the Invention of Modern Life written by Mark Francis and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ideas of the English philosopher Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) have shaped evolutionary theory, philosophy of science, sociology & politics. This work aims to dispel the plethora of misinformation surrounding Spencer, throwing light on the broader cultural history of the 19th century.
Download or read book Advanced Studies in Classification and Data Science written by Tadashi Imaizumi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-25 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume focuses on the latest developments in classification and data science and covers a wide range of topics in the context of data analysis and related areas, e.g. the analysis of complex data, analysis of qualitative data, methods for high-dimensional data, dimensionality reduction, data visualization, multivariate statistical methods, and various applications to real data in the social sciences, medical sciences, and other disciplines. In addition to sharing theoretical and methodological findings, the book shows how to apply the proposed methods to a variety of problems — e.g. in consumer behavior, decision-making, marketing data and social network structures. Both methodological aspects and applications to a wide range of areas such as economics, behavioral science, marketing science, management science and the social sciences are covered. The book is chiefly intended for researchers and practitioners who are interested in the latest developments and practical applications in these fields, as well as applied statisticians and data analysts. Its combination of methodological advances with a wide range of real-world applications gathered from several fields makes it of unique value in helping readers solve their research problems.
Download or read book Natural Categories and Human Kinds written by Muhammad Ali Khalidi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-16 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notion of 'natural kinds' has been central to contemporary discussions of metaphysics and philosophy of science. Although explicitly articulated by nineteenth-century philosophers like Mill, Whewell and Venn, it has a much older history dating back to Plato and Aristotle. In recent years, essentialism has been the dominant account of natural kinds among philosophers, but the essentialist view has encountered resistance, especially among naturalist metaphysicians and philosophers of science. Informed by detailed examination of classification in the natural and social sciences, this book argues against essentialism and for a naturalist account of natural kinds. By looking at case studies drawn from diverse scientific disciplines, from fluid mechanics to virology and polymer science to psychiatry, the author argues that natural kinds are nodes in causal networks. On the basis of this account, he maintains that there can be natural kinds in the social sciences as well as the natural sciences.
Download or read book Classification and Biology written by Roy Albert Crowson and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Classification of plants and animals is of basic interest to biologists in all fields because correct formulation and generalization are based on sound taxonomy. This book by a world authority relates traditional taxonomic studies to developments in biochemical and other fields. It provides guidelines for the integration of modern and traditional methods and explains the underlying principles and philosophy of systematics. The problems of zoological, botanical, and paleontological classifi cation are dealt with in great detail and microbial systematics briefly."--Provided by publisher
Download or read book Typologies and Taxonomies written by Kenneth D. Bailey and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1994-06-13 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we group different subjects on a variety of variables? Should we use a classification procedure in which only the concepts are classified (typology), one in which only empirical entities are classified (taxonomy), or some combination of both? In this clearly written book, Bailey addresses these questions and shows how classification methods can be used to improve research. Beginning with an exploration of the advantages and disadvantages of classification procedures including those typologies that can be constructed without the use of a computer, the book covers such topics as clustering procedures (including agglomerative and divisive methods), the relationship among various classification techniques (including the relationship of monothetic, qualitative typologies to polythetic, quantitative taxonomies), a comparison of clustering methods and how these methods compare with related statistical techniques such as factor analysis, multidimensional scaling and systems analysis, and lists classification resources. This volume also discusses software packages for use in clustering techniques.
Download or read book Data Science Classification and Related Methods written by Chikio Hayashi and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Historie of Life and Death written by Francis Bacon and published by . This book was released on 1638 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemistry in Botanical Classification written by Bendr G. and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
