Download or read book Classical Marble Geochemistry Technology Trade written by N. Herz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marble in Ancient Greece and Rome: Geology, Quarries, Commerce, Artifacts Marble remains the sine qua non raw material of the an cient Greeks and Romans. Beginning in the Bronze Age sculptu re began in marble and throughout classical times the most im portant statues, reliefs, monuments and inscriptions were made of it. Yet, quarry sources changed in time as preferences for different marbles were influenced by local traditions, the pos sibilities of transport, esthetic tastes, and economics. Marble studies and the identification of the provenance of marble can thus reveal much about Greek and Roman history, trade, esthe tics and technology. Persons in many disciplines are studying various aspects of Greek and Roman marble usage. Geologists and geochemists are working on methods to determine the provenance of marble; ar chaeologists are noting changing patterns of import and use in excavation~ and discovering how improving quarrying techniques and prelimihary dressing of the extracted material influenced the final shape of artifacts; ancient historians are now under standing quarry organization and bureaucracies that controlled marble production and trade; art historians are seeing how phy sical characteristics of the stone affected the techniques and style of sculpture; architects and engineers are interested in quarry technologies and usage in building construction. These specialists drawn from many disciplines rarely have an opportu nity to compare notes and see how each can contribute to the research effort of others.
Download or read book Ancient Stones written by Marc Waelkens and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The meeting assembled an interdisciplinary group of nearly 50 archaeologists and art historians, geologists and geochemists from the U.S.A. and 14 European and Near Eastern countries to discuss the provenance, quarrying, transport and use of stone from prehistoric to early Christian times, both in Europe and in the Near East. The papers which reflect a merger between classicism and geotechnology, thus deal with (1) quarries from the Bronze Age to the Byzantine period, their technology and organization, (2) quarry prospection through satellite imaging, (3) dressing of artifacts near the quarries, (4) trade, availability and archaeological use of certain stones in antiquity, (5) determination of obsidian, flint, granite, marble, limestones, sandstones and arkoses from Europe, Asia Minor and the Near East by means of petrological and chemical analysis, trace element analysis, electron microprobe and stable isotope analysis, ESR spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray powder diffradtometry, mercury porosimetry, cathodoluminiscence, light diffustion from laser-irradiated stones, computer assisted assessment of coloured stones or amulti-method appraoch, and (6) provenance determination applied to ancient artifacts.The volume is highly recommended for those who wish to combine a journey into classical scholarship with geochemical sciences.
Download or read book Materials Technologies and Practice in Historic Heritage Structures written by Maria Bostenaru-Dan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-15 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One distinct feature of human society since the dawn of civilization is the systematic use of inorganic building materials, such as natural stone, unburnt and burnt soil, adobe and brick, inorganic binders like lime and cement, and reinforced concrete. Our heritage has cultural, architectural and technological value and preserving such structures is a key issue today. Planners and conservation scientists need detailed site surveys and analyses to create a database that will serve to guide subsequent actions. One factor in this knowledge base is an understanding of how historic materials were prepared and the crucial properties that influence their long-term behaviour. Any assessment of the way such materials perform must crucially be based on an understanding of the methods used for their analysis. The editors here add to the knowledge base treating the materials used in historic structures, their properties, technology of use and conservation, and their performance in a changing environment. The book draws together 18 chapters dealing with the inorganic materials used in historic structures, such as adobe, brick, stone, mortars, concrete and plasters. The approach is complex, covering material characterisation as well as several case studies of historic structures from Europe, including Germany, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Scotland, Slovenia and Spain, and the My Sõn Temples in Vietnam. An equally important component of the book covers the analysis of materials, together with a treatment of sustainable development, such as the protection of monuments from earthquakes and climate change. The authors are all leading international experts, drawn from a variety of backgrounds: architecture, civil engineering, conservation science, geology and material science, with close links to professional organisations such as ICOMOS or universities and research centres throughout Europe. Audience: This book will be of interest to geologists, engineers, restorers, consulting engineers, designers and other professionals dealing with cultural heritage and sustainable development. Also graduate students in applied geo-science (mineralogy, geochemistry, petrology), architecture and civil engineering will find interesting information in this book.
Download or read book Industrial Minerals written by Patrick Degryse and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Aardkundige Mededelingen deals with industrial minerals, their resources, characteristics and applications. It is the result of an academic session on industrial minerals in honour of Em. Prof. Dr. R. Ottenburgs. The contributions are organized according to five topics. In a first part, 'The Industrial Mineral World', some considerations on our natural resources, their use and political impact are presented. In a second part of the study, 'Aggregates and Natural Building Stone', a number of case-studies on the use of industrial minerals as aggregate and ornamental or building stone are discussed. In a third part of the volume, 'Mortar, Cement and Concrete', the study of ancient mortars as well as exploratory research into new materials is illustrated. In a fourth session, 'Clays and Soils', environmental aspects of soils and the economical use of clay deposits are highlighted. In a fifth and final part of the book, 'Steel', the link between ores and industrial minerals is made. It is clear that the study of industrial minerals has many faces and covers many disciplines. The impact of industrial minerals on the world's economy, but also on the environment, cannot be emphasized enough. This book gives an overview of the wide and rich diversity of research currently performed in the realm of the industrial minerals.
Download or read book Quarrying in Antiquity written by John Bryan Ward-Perkins and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A wide survey over four millennia is possible for quarrying tools and techniques because of their simplicity and long-lived traditions. The chief contribution of the Romans was their organisation of the stone trade by mass production, standardisation and long-distance transport. Indeed, in post-Roman Europe, especially in Britain, it was the excellence of Roman building stone which allowed so much subsequent 'quarrying' in the buildings themselves. One exception in Saxon times was the quarry for Bradford-on-Avon's church. With the 12th-century spurt in church building activity, however, natural stone quarries once more became common and distribution methods familiar to the Roman world re-emerged." - COPAC.
Download or read book Earth Sciences and Archaeology written by Paul Goldberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together contributions from an experienced group of archaeologists and geologists whose common objective is to present thorough and current reviews of the diverse ways in which methods from the earth sciences can contribute to archaeological research. Many areas of research are addressed here, including artifact analysis and sourcing, landscape reconstruction and site formation analysis, soil micromorphology and geophysical exploration of buried sites.
Download or read book Eng Geol Ancient Works V1 written by Paul G. Marinos and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1988 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geology and Settlement written by Dora P. Crouch and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally our understanding of ancient cities has been approached through archaeological, historical and literary sources, with little regard or understanding of geology or engineering.
Download or read book Electron Magnetic Resonance written by Ashutosh Kumar Shukla and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-28 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electron Magnetic Resonance: Applications in Physical Sciences and Biology, Volume 50, describes the principles and recent trends in different experimental methods of Electron Magnetic Resonance (EMR) spectroscopy. In addition to principles, experimental methods and applications, each chapter contains a complete list of references that guide the reader to relevant literature. The book is intended for both skilled and novice researchers in academia, professional fields, scientists and students without any geographical limitations. It is useful for both beginners and experts in the field of Electron Spin Resonance who are looking for recent experimental methods of EMR techniques. - Features a bottoms-up approach, with each chapter opening with basic theory and principles that are followed by recent trends and applications - Focuses on applications and data interpretation, thus avoiding extensive use of mathematics - Includes content from scientists working with lead manufacturers of EMR machines - Provides thorough comparisons of the features of each EMR machine - Written by experts in ESR spectroscopy from all over the world, giving the content global appeal
Download or read book Seeing Color in Classical Art written by Jennifer M. S. Stager and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-15 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The remains of ancient Mediterranean art and architecture that have survived over the centuries present the modern viewer with images of white, the color of the stone often used for sculpture. Antiquarian debates and recent scholarship, however, have challenged this aspect of ancient sculpture. There is now a consensus that sculpture produced in the ancient Mediterranean world, as well as art objects in other media, were, in fact, polychromatic. Color has consequently become one of the most important issues in the study of classical art. Jennifer Stager's landmark book makes a vital contribution to this discussion. Analyzing the dyes, pigments, stones, earth, and metals found in ancient art works, along with the language that writers in antiquity used to describe color, she examines the traces of color in a variety of media. Stager also discusses the significance of a reception history that has emphasized whiteness, revealing how ancient artistic practice and ancient philosophies of color significantly influenced one another.
Download or read book ASMOSIA 4 written by Association for the Study of Marble and Other Stones used in Antiquity. International Symposium and published by Presses Univ de Bordeaux. This book was released on 1999 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technology in Transition written by Luke Lavan and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2007 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first general work to be published on technology in Late Antiquity. It seeks to survey aspects of the technology of the period and to respond to questions about technological continuity, stagnation and decline. The book opens with a comprehensive bibliographic essay that provides an overview of relevant literature. The main section then explores technologies in agriculture, production (metal, ceramics and glass), engineering and building. Papers draw on both archaeological and textual sources, and on analogies with medieval and early modern technologies. Reference is made not only to the periods which preceded it, but to the transition to the Early Middle Ages and to the technological heritage of Late Antiquity to the Islamic world. Several papers focus on Italy, whilst others consider North Africa, Asia Minor, and the Near-East.
Download or read book Sagalassos Four written by Marc Waelkens and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ancient town of Sagalassos is situated in south-western Asia Minor (Turkey), in the region of Pisidia, and more specifically in the western Taurus mountain range. Due to its altitude, the site is one of the better preserved towns from classical antiquity.
Download or read book Caesarea Maritima written by Avner Raban and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-09-29 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This deluxe volume on Caesarea, climaxing new excavations in 1992-95, discusses comprehensively a famous ancient city's archaeology, history and culture. New discoveries include the amphitheater and royal palace, temple dedicated to Roma and Augustus, and the spectacular artificial harbor explored under water.
Download or read book Cutting edge Technologies in Ancient Greece written by Marina Panagiotaki and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines materials produced with the use of fire and mostly by use of the kiln (metals, plasters, glass and glaze, aromatics). The technologies based on fire have been considered high-tech technologies and they have contributed to the evolution of man throughout history. Papers highlight technical innovations of the technician/artist/pyrotechnologist that lived in the Aegean (mainland Greece and the islands) during the Bronze Age, the Classical and the Byzantine periods.
Download or read book Revelation and the Marble Economy of Roman Ephesus written by Anna M. V. Bowden and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an effort to bring the (im)practicalities of John’s command for withdrawal from cultural participation in 18:4 to the forefront of scholarly discourse, this book reconstructs the marble economy of ancient Ephesus and proceeds to read Revelation by foregrounding the daily lives of its marble-workers. This book argues that Ephesus was a major center of the marble economy in the Roman world and that the infrastructure that went into creating, building, and sustaining such an enterprise generated the need for a large workforce. Anna M. V. Bowden further demonstrates that the majority of marble-workers endured poor working conditions and struggled on a daily basis to ensure subsistence. Finally, Bowden explores the ways marble-workers participated in empire “through the work of their hands” (9:20) and questions John’s characterization of marble-workers as idolaters, sorcerers, murderers, fornicators, and thieves. Bowden concludes that the praxis Revelation requires from its audience of complete withdrawal is pragmatically not sustainable and is ultimately a manifesto leaving marble-workers jobless, hungry, and with a heightened risk for malnutrition, disease, injury, and even death.
Download or read book The Artists of the Ara Pacis written by Diane Atnally Conlin and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 1997 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conlin questions the long-held assumption that the friezes' sculptors were anonymous Greek masters, directly influenced by the reliefs carved on the Parthenon. Through close analysis of the sculptures, Conlin demonstrates that the carvers of the large processional friezes were actually Italian-trained sculptors influenced by both native and Hellenic stonecarving practices. Her conclusions rest on a systematic examination of the evidence left on the marble by the sculptors themselves - the traces of tool marks, the carving of specific details, and the compositional formulas of the friezes.
