Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Slovakia Assessing Progress in Key Policy Areas of the Strategy written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report aims to deliver critical yet balanced and, importantly, evidence-based monitoring of state policies aimed to address the inequalities, discrimination and anti-Gypsyism that Roma experience in employment, housing, health and education. The report particularly welcomes the willingness of state authorities to adopt systemic legislative and policy measures with the potential to facilitate inclusion of disadvantaged Roma. The report underlines several key examples: a new bankruptcy regulation designed with a view on low-income families that have found themselves in debt traps that prevent them from entering the labour market and accessing housing; new regulations simplifying legalisation of parcels underneath Roma settlements, with a potential to address particularly people living in the most deprived and neglected communities; and the introduction of free universal lunch for children in their final preschool year in kindergarten and through elementary school, which may, among other things, help in desegregation and reduction of inequalities among pupils. We are eager to see the implementation of a plan to introduce a compulsory one year of pre-schooling for all children, anticipated for 2020. Equally among the positive developments, we include efforts to scale up and sustain positive practices such as the janitors in housing, civic guards, school assistants and healthcare mediators. However, institutionalisation of these mostly aiding professions into legislation and/or the state budget still remains an unanswered challenge. The report identifies several key weaknesses in integration policies that merit more vigilant attention. First are the delays in using ESIF funds, particularly relevant for infrastructural programmes. This is likely caused by complex factors, the willingness of municipalities to apply for these funds being among the key ones. Second, and related, is that while the state offers funding and sometimes good practices to municipalities to address the situation of their deprived communities, in practice, it somewhat lacks effective means of enforcement in cases of their neglect. Third, especially in housing and education, we observe that, at best, there are efforts to improve living standards and education through housing and schools for Roma. Indeed, over several decades, Slovakia built parallel communities and segregation in schools spread significantly. We argue that both residential segregation and various forms of segregation of Roma children experienced from early age until their secondary school studies remain the practices most ignored by state authorities. Furthermore, as illustrated through cases of poor school attendance among disadvantaged students and workfare programmes, state authorities should focus on addressing the complex social and structural causes of problems rather than blaming and sanctioning those with few opportunities to help themselves, thereby reinforcing their exclusion trap. Finally, the design of policies, monitoring and evaluation, and data collection all require the adoption of an intersectional perspective considering the particularly vulnerable situation of Roma women and children.

Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Slovakia written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A The report focuses on the structural and horizontal preconditions for the successful implementation of national integration strategy in Slovakia: governance and overall policy framework, fighting discrimination, addressing antigypsyism and education. The report also includes case studies of two localities to illustrate the potential and limits of Slovakia’s Roma inclusion policies in practice. The report notes that despite relatively slow progress overall, we can trace palpable results, mostly through several active municipalities and through the projects of NGOs. Additionally, at least in areas such as housing, health and employment, we can see the efforts of the action plans of the NRIS to scale up successful local municipal or NGO-run projects using ESIF funds. As we argue throughout the report, nevertheless, significant efforts must be invested into actual implementation of plans into practice in all areas. Moreover, in the area of non-discrimination, especially when it comes to maltreatment by police, residential segregation and segregation in education, there appears to be limits even in the state recognition of troubling practices as a precondition for any meaningful action.

Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Slovakia written by Jarmila Lajcakova and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report focuses on access to sports, monitoring and evaluation of large-scale programmes and policies targeting mainstream. We have selected these areas because they either present blind spots in Roma inclusion policies or their importance and/or implementation is underestimated. These areas thus in our view, deserve significantly more attention in the post-2020 efforts to increase the impact of Roma inclusion policies.

Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in the Czech Republic written by Jan Stejskal and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intersectional discrimination and segregation are the issues of greatest concern in all of the sectoral fields investigated here with respect to Roma in the Czech Republic, which is a wealthy European country ranked just ahead of Italy and just behind Spain on the Human Development Index. Age, ethnicity, financial solvency and gender are the parameters that intersect to render life dramatically difficult for the 3% of the population who are Roma. In the most extreme cases, Roma find themselves stuck in circumstances where they are not just disadvantaged, but exploited; the benefit for others to be had from their cheap labour or status as state-subsidised renters acts as a disincentive to their being able to extricate themselves from debt and poverty, as employers and landlords have incentives to exploit them and perpetuate the policy arrangements that render them exploitable.

Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Slovenia written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report aims to monitor the implementation of the national Roma integration strategy (NRIS) in Slovenia, as well other governmental policies, legislation, programmes and initiatives affecting Roma in the field of employment, housing, health care and education. It illustrates how the situation of Roma community in Slovenia is in general improving, but at a slow pace and with several challenges. In the 2002 census only 3,246 Slovenian citizens declared themselves as Roma, however by estimations between 7,000 and 12,000 Roma live in Slovenia, most of them in Prekmurje and in south-eastern parts of Slovenia, and some live as well in urban centres (Ljubljana, Maribor, Velenje, Celje). It is worth to note that Slovenia does not collect data disaggregated by ethnicity, therefore we face a lack of data on Roma in general, which prevents the drafting of more evidence-based policy making targeting the Roma community. Problematic is also that existing legislation providing for special rights of the Roma (e.g. Roma Community Act) does not ensure equal treatment of all Roma communities living in Slovenia - it includes a distinction between "autochthonous" (i.e. traditionally settled Roma communities living in 20 municipalities in Prekmurje and south-eastern Slovenia) and "non-autochthonous" (i.e. immigrant or "newcomer") Roma, including Sinti community and urban Roma community originating from former Yugoslav republics. This distinction was criticised by Council of Europe, UN bodies and Slovenian constitutional court. The National Programme of Measures for Roma of the Government of Republic of Slovenia for the period 2017-2021 includes measures in employment, housing, healthcare and education, as well in promoting Roma culture, language and identity and in fighting anti-Roma stereotypes and discrimination. However, several activities, timeframes and budgets are undefined, and there is a lack of institutional coordination and inclusion of Roma community in implementation. This report was written by the author as an independent researcher in consultation with Roma and human rights NGOs, institutions and experts. Methods of data collection included desk research (existing studies and other publicly available data) and the report was consulted with the NGO EPEKA that produced the first year Roma Civil Monitor report, as well as with an expert on Roma issues from a Slovenian human rights organisation. Interviews in person were conducted with the president of Roma Union of Slovenia, representative of Romani Union Association Murska Sobota, and the president of the Roma Councillors Forum. Conclusions from those interviews have been integrated in the report. As mentioned already, author faced limitations in data collection due to the fact that Slovenia does not allow for collecting ethnically disaggregated data.

Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Lithuania written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The monitoring report on the implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Lithuania reviews the current situation and the implementation of NRIS in Lithuania based on the four areas: housing, education, health and employment. It presents the progress achieved as well as the key challenges which need to be resolved for a more efficient implementation of the strategy.

Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Poland written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews and assesses the implementation of the "Programme for integration of the Roma community in Poland for 2014-2020",and refers also to the previous Programme adopted in 2004 and designed for a 10-year period. The adoption of the first Programme in 2004 coincided with the year of Poland's accession to the EU. In many respects, the this first Roma Programme was positively received as progressive policy document. It embarked on many discussions and recommendations of the EU pre-accession period that, among others, exposed the scale and variety of the problems and challenges faced by Roma. More profoundly it manifested rather a strong political commitment of the Polish Government to reach tangible improvements in the life of Roma people in Poland. However, assessment reports indicated that achieved outcomes were rather insignificant compared to the invested money,and that the Programme's success depended largely on commitment of local authorities. Despite these shortcomings the assessment recommended continuation of the Programme.

Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Austria written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roma inclusion policies have been in place in Austria since the Roma were recognised as a national minority in 1993. Before, civil society was active to fight discrimination and gain the status as a national minority. Following the EU framework on national Roma integration strategies (NRIS) in 2011, a National Roma Contact Point (NRCP) was established in the Federal Chancellery. This NRCP then presented the already existing programmes as an integrated set of policy measures for Roma inclusion and founded a dialogue platform on Roma inclusion to foster exchange between the administration and the Roma civil society. In 2016, a National Roma Integration Strategy was issued and open for consultation. In 2017, the NRIS was revised by the NRCP and adopted by the government. The strategy is dedicated to improving the situation of Roma by addressing education, employment, fight against antigypsyism, empowerment of women and youth, empowerment of Roma civil society and enhancing participation. The areas of health and housing are not included in the NRIS. The process of the dialogue platform and the development of the NRIS brought an increased interest in and more awareness on the situation of Roma in parts of the administration, especially on the national level. To some extent, Roma inclusion gained increased priority. Despite this, the NRIS did not set ambitious objectives and did not bring a significant change in Roma inclusion regarding education, housing and health care. In employment, the NRIS led to a Roma targeted ESF-programme which enabled civil society to extend support activities and develop new projects for Roma. For this report, the available public resources on the NRIS and Roma inclusion policy were analysed. Further, the relevant existing data on the four policy areas employment, housing, health and education were examined and are presented in the report. The perspective of civil society is represented through publications, the documentation of the NRIS process, interviews with civil society representatives and the long-term experience of Romano Centro.

Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Romania written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present report discusses the stages of elaborating and implementing public policies for Roma in Romania in the field of education, health, employment, and housing. The EU framework for national Roma integration strategies until 2020 is the most ambitious EU initiative targeting the Roma, bringing to the attention of member states the challenges related to Roma inclusion. Essentially, the EU Framework: - Encouraged Member States to make use of available EU funds to address the needs of Roma; - Emphasized the importance of making European and national policies more sensitive to Roma needs, including through empowering civil society; - Highlighted the need to put in place a robust monitoring system. However, the adoption of the NRIS was just a stage of a much more complex public policy process that needs to be put into practice to make the necessary changes at the grassroots level. Adoption of the NRIS is, at the end of the day, a statement of intentions that has to be followed by the development of implementation mechanisms, changes in legislation, allocation of funds, assuming institutional responsibilities, monitoring and evaluation. Within the framework of the Romanian Presidency of the European Council (January-June 2019), the Roma issue is, indirectly, part of the suggested priorities through objectives, such as "promoting the efficient countering of racism, intolerance, xenophobia, populism, anti-Semitism and discouraging hate speech" or "promoting and supporting legislative initiatives focusing on social progress and reducing development gaps, equal opportunities between men and women, as well as ensuring access to education and training for disadvantaged categories". A high-level Conference on EU Framework on National Strategies for Roma Inclusion is going to be organized by the Romanian Government under the EU Presidency umbrella (4-5 March 2019, Bucharest) building on previous presidencies that managed to advance the Roma issue on the European agenda. It is important to mention here the new initiative of the Roma NGOs alliance (Adunarea Națională a Organizațiilor Neguvernamentale ale Romilor" [The National Gathering of the Roma NGOs]) that is going to propose a new paradigm for the Roma policies in Romania, an evidence-based one, focused on developing national programs in the field of education, employment, health, housing etc.

Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Hungary written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monitoring report analyses the education, housing, labour market and healthcare situation of the Roma community in Hungary, and the assumed effects of related government interventions. It summarises and analyses available data, attempting to uncover correlations through interviews with experts, participants and stakeholders. The report, where national data were available, interpreted these data and in given cases also carried out secondary expert analyses. Where no such data were available, it attempted to gain a picture on nationwide impact by way of expert and participant interviews. Where this particular opportunity was also limited, it outlined processes on the basis of a given local case study. Wherever possible, it attempted to present government measures in respect of their local impact, as well as within the context of the size and scope of the given problem. This was one of the greatest challenges: not to let the big picture fade away alongside the innumerable programmes and schemes listed in the progress reports, and to show the fact that the vast majority of these programmes are highly limited in scope. The analysis is based on the cooperation of ten Roma organisations or organisations working to help the Roma community - the key focal points were defined together using the guide, and they jointly decided on the documents to be requested from government players and authorities, as well as on the finalised format of the report.

Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Latvia written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topical tasks and activities in Roma integration policies are outlined in the Guidelines on National Identity, Civil Society and Integration Policy (2012-2018). The Action Plan in the Guidelines includes series of policy tasks and activities for the integration of Roma community in the Latvian society. Part of those tasks and activities are applied particularly to the Roma target group (targeted approach), but there is also a general type of activities (mainstreaming approach) in order to raise the level of tolerance in the society, to improve the protection of rights and interests of the minorities, including Roma people. The report is prepared on the basis of the analysis of the current situation of the period 2017-2018. Evidence of data and facts were collected and analysed using the following methods: critical analysis of the national documents and programmes, research, statistics, reports and other documents; specific surveys for different groups at different levels; interviews with the officials responsible for the implementation of the Roma integration policy and with representatives of civil society. This report is a continuation of first part of the Civil society monitoring report on implementation of the national Roma integration strategy in Latvia which included the following topics: governance and overall policy framework, anti-discrimination and addressing antigypsyism. The main recommendation was to renew the national programme "Roma in Latvia" and establish it as a sustainable national strategy to combat social exclusion simultaneously in all sectors; to engage Roma civil society activists as well as Roma integration experts with relevant academic knowledge and international experience in the process of development and implementation of this plan.

Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in France written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of its political tradition, the French Republic does not recognise ethnic minorities. Based on this point alone, there should not exist any inclusion policy regarding Roma in France. This position is often stated as such by French officials, however they do mention social inclusion policies for particular groups, namely the "gens du voyage", (i.e. people whose real or supposed traditional dwelling place is mobile) and EU citizens living in slums and squats, who during the last three decades have been considered as "Roma" and who still now are referred to as "migrant Roma", although this is considered an abuse of language officially. Taking good account of this situation, the present report monitors the policies towards the "gens du voyage" and that on "slums" only. In doing so, this report responds to the need of improvement of these policies and there is no real inadequacy or misfitting of the groups referred to by the EU Framework for National Roma Inclusion Strategies 2011 on one hand and the ones referred to by French public policies of inclusion of "gens du voyage" and the EU citizens living in slums or squats. In accepting policies too, "Roma" are not conceived of as a cultural or ethnic entity but as an ethnically diverse group formed by a common history of marginalisation. The very EC's summary sheet "The European Social Fund and Roma", published a few months before the adoption of the EU Framework, specifies in this way its scope: "While recognising the specific cultural identities of all Roma, the EU institutions use "Roma" as an umbrella term that also incorporates other groups of people who share more or less similar cultural characteristics and a history of marginalisation in European societies, such as Sinti, Travellers, Ashkali, Camminanti, etc." The adoption of the EU Framework made possible the use of EU Funds technically for French policies on "gens du voyage" and "EU-mobile Roma". However, one can say that these funds were not used enough, both because of a lack of will and because of the difficulty and complexity of accessing and managing them.

Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Bulgaria written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regarding Roma integration, the 2017-18 period is characterised by the collapse of the legitimacy of the National Roma Contact Point (NRCP) and the consultative process with civil society after an ultra-nationalist was appointed chair of the National Council for Cooperation on Ethnic and Integration Issues. The main space for Roma-targeted policy and consultation on it is regarding the usage of EU funds for Roma inclusion (especially ESF funds, and ERDF funds in part). Important improvements have been observed in the field of education, especially in reducing early school leaving and increasing participation in different levels of education, while segregation remains a problem. Deterioration is obvious in the field of housing. Serious challenges, however, remain in all fields.

Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Portugal written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roma communities remain, in general, a social group much exposed to phenomena of poverty and social exclusion. In general, they live in precarious housing conditions, with low school and professional qualifications and with difficulty in accessing most goods and services. As such, Roma communities face processes in which stereotypes, prejudices and discriminatory practices are developed that constitute important barriers to inclusion in very different areas of society, including education, housing, health, employment, access to justice, among others. Said elements prevent these citizens from leaving situations of vulnerability and social exclusion that are a barrier to their inclusion. This situation constitutes a vicious cycle that perpetuates and reinforces exclusion in its different forms. There is thus a need to create the conditions required for the participation of these communities in society to be equal to that of the remaining population, because living in a situation of social exclusion means being absent/distant from all principles inherent to the exercise of citizenship, which requires, in turn, an extended set of rights and duties. In this sense, the inclusion of these communities has gained great visibility in the national and European political agenda. There is therefore a concern and a need to establish specific, integrated and efficient actions to tackle the inequalities and structural disadvantages that Roma communities face across Europe. The current political commitment is mirrored in the National Strategy for the Integration of Roma Communities (ENICC) in order to promote inclusion and the fight discrimination. The strategy is coordinated by the High Commissioner for Migration (ACM), through its Support Centre for Roma Communities (NACI) and includes five strategic axes: transversal (including the dimensions of knowledge of Roma communities and monitoring of the strategy, discrimination, citizenship education, Roma history and culture, gender equality, justice and security, mediation and social security); education; housing; training and employment and health. However, on November 29 (2018) ENICC's revision was approved, which resulted from the need to introduce changes, both in the definition of the Strategy, especially regarding the clarification and operationalization of the measures, and in the definition of priority areas for intervention, namely equality between women and men, knowledge about Roma people and their participation in the implementation of ENICC. This revision resulted on the extension of the Strategy until 2022, and the priority was to reinforce schooling and professional integration; to improve the living conditions of Roma people, as well as the recognition and reinforcement of intervention in intercultural mediation, the improvement of information and knowledge, and the fight against discrimination of Roma people.

Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Greece written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It can be stated that the situation of Greek Roma in Greece is again "one step" before the implementation of a multifaceted policy, which has the characteristics of a strategy and which, if it is methodically implemented, could yield, in a relatively short time, visible positive results. Only recently it was established an institution in charge of the Greek Roma issues, specifically, the Special Secretariat for Roma Inclusion which acts as the focal point for collecting and disseminating information, for planning, but also for receiving complaints, and suggestions for improving the social inclusion of Greek Roma people. The monitoring process of the entire planning during the past two years required considerable cooperation efforts among different agencies, organisations and individuals. Such a holistic approach helped in linking measures and results of among different thematic areas. During 2019, significant developments are foreseen for Greek Roma, it is expected that the focus will be on evaluating and reflecting on the implementation of the Roma policy and actions, and the thoughts are that this period will not be one of fall back.

Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Croatia written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Officially there are 16,975 Roma in Croatia, representing 0.40 per cent of the overall population, but recent estimates assume this number is closer to 25,000 - 30,000. As discussed in the first Roma Civil Monitor report, focusing on the topics of governance, antidiscrimination and fighting antigypsyism, Croatia has a special law on the Roma National Minority (RNM), who can elect their own representatives at the national, regional and local levels. The central Government has a committee for monitoring the National Roma Integration Strategy (NRIS) and national authorities report about its implementation, which has been externally evaluated in 2015. Every local and regional government is recommended to develop an action plan for Roma inclusion as long as there is a defined number of Roma inhabitants on their territories, but in reality, many of them have failed to do so. In practice, leadership on the Roma agenda is more often taken up by regional governments than by local ones. Counties are the units taking leadership at the regional level for Roma integration. The current NRIS aims to eliminate school segregation by 2020. The Roma Education Fund (REF) has noted significant progress in data gathering and some improvement in Roma enrolment into elementary school, with completion rates up, and into obligatory preschool, as well as an official political commitment to end segregation. However, in reality, approximately 40 percent of Roma children between six and 15 are still segregated in settings where all or most of the pupils are Roma. The Ministry of Internal Affairs implements some affirmative measures for including Roma in police academies, and the Ombudsperson's office organises seminars to tackle discrimination by employees of public administrations who are professionally in direct contact with Roma. Despite these efforts, the high incidence of anti-Roma discrimination indicates the low effectiveness of (the enforcement of) equality legislation. Roma continue to be the targets of racially motivated crime, with violent incidents in areas surrounding Roma settlements going unreported due to limited trust and mutual understanding between the Roma community and the police. There are concerns that ethnic profiling practices are increasing. The current report was developed following a series of discussions and desk research activities. Consultations were done with Roma and pro-Roma civil society and other relevant institutions. The opportunity to participate was given to a broader circle of stakeholders who were asked to grade the relevance of diverse topics/issues, and the report focused on those that the stakeholders identified as the most relevant. The desk research included study of relevant documentation. Additionally, a series of informal, short meetings were organised with relevant individuals from the local, regional and national governments and with the NGO sector. Formal interviews were conducted with representatives of several public institutions (Ministry for Social Policy and Youth, National Roma Contact Point, Ministry of Education, Croatian Employment Office, Ombudsperson's Office, Councils of the Roma National Minority), with representatives of Roma and pro-Roma civil society associations, and with nine individual members of the Roma community. Also, a second round of desk research was done after recommendations were received from the interviewed stakeholders. To discuss the preliminary findings of this report, focus groups were organised with 39 members of the Roma community (separate focus groups of Roma women and Roma youth were organised). For additional information, targeted interviews were conducted with institutions and individuals.

Download or read book Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Germany written by Guillermo Ruiz Torres and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Germany does not have a National Roma Integration Strategy (NRIS) but a set of integrated measures for various societal groups which Sinti and Roma could benefit from. According to the German state, Sinti and Roma have access to inclusion programmes as the members of the majority society. The adoption of the EU Roma Framework for NRIS has not led to major policy change, but has backed stronger policy making at regional (Länder) and especially at local level. According to studies, NGOs and Sinti and Roma organisations the disadvantaged situation that many Sinti and Roma face in the education, employment, housing and health sectors is rooted in the antigypsyism. There is an urgent need to counter wide-spread antigypsyism which hampers their equal treatment and participation in the society. In Germany, there is no data collection on ethnic grounds. Information on the disadvantaged position of Sinti and Roma is provided by Sinti and Roma organisations and those working with them. This monitoring report relies on qualitative research which has been based on analysis of studies and policy literature and on interviews with stakeholders. Following documents have been analysed: legal and policy documents, parliamentary enquiries, reports from city administrations, civil society organisations (CSOs) and studies of research centres and CSOs. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with the following stakeholders: representatives of the governmental agencies at Länder level, of municipalities, of Sinti and Roma organisations, of CSOs working for Sinti and Roma and researchers. Written questionnaires were sent to the regional member organisations of the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma.