Download or read book Civil Military Relations in the Modern Middle East written by David S. Sorenson and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2023-01-31 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Civil-Military Relations in the Modern Middle East explores the political and economic interactions between civilians and the armed forces in the post-World War II Middle East, emphasizing four themes: military and society, the role of the military in political transitions, the military’s part in national economies, and the relations between soldiers and civilians in wartime. Covering the greater Middle East—including the Arab States, Israel, Turkey, and Iran—the book establishes how militaries in many Middle Eastern countries influence the national political and economic systems and how, in turn, politics influences the national militaries.

Download or read book Civil Military Relations in the Islamic World written by Paul E. Lenze, Jr. and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2016-09-30 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Arab Spring, militaries have received renewed attention regarding their intervention into politics of Middle Eastern and South Asian states. This book examines the factors which influence military intervention and withdrawal from politics—namely, United States and Soviet/Russian economic and military aid—and how this affects democratic transitions and consolidation. The militaries of Algeria, Egypt, Pakistan, and Turkey, have used nationalism to justify their interventions into politics while ensuring that withdrawal would only occur if national identity were protected. This book examines important states in the Islamic World which have experienced similar historical trajectories, briefly experimented with democracy, and had the military become a dominant institution in the state. All four countries differ in their levels of ethnic conflict, importance placed on the country by the international community, and internal security concerns. The common result of international influence on political development, however, is that the military will take a keener interest in politics and be more reluctant to disengage.

Download or read book Soldiers Peasants and Bureaucrats written by Roman Kolkowicz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-01-27 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 1981, is a comprehensive examination of the main theoretical, methodological and empirical approaches to the study of the military in modernising political systems, in socialist and non-socialist countries. It analyses civil-military relations in the Middle East, Eastern Europe and China, and in doing so sheds new light on the comparative politics and strategic affairs of the Cold War period.

Download or read book Military Responses to the Arab Uprisings and the Future of Civil Military Relations in the Middle East written by W. Taylor and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains Arab military responses to the social uprisings which began in 2011. Through a comparative case study analysis of Egyptian, Tunisian, Libyan, and Syrian militaries, it explains why militaries fractured, supported the regime in power, or removed their presidents.

Download or read book The Study of Civil military Relationships in Modernizing Societies in the Middle East written by Faud I. Khuri and published by . This book was released on 1982-01-01 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Middle East Politics written by J. C. Hurewitz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-04 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arab-Israel Six Day War in June 1967 riveted world attention on the huge quantities of sophisticated weapons amassed in the arsenals of the Middle East – and left in its wake tangled political-military dilemmas and the intensification of the most dangerous arms race in the nonindustrialized world. How do major upheavals spread across borders so easily in the Middle East? What is the role of the military in the process of modernization? How can the rash of military coups be explained? Why is Israel, the most vigorous democracy in the Middle East, also the most vigorously mobilized and armed nation? J. C. Hurewitz, Professor of Government at Columbia University’s School of International Affairs, believes the answers to these and other pressing questions of Middle Eastern politics can be found only in a thorough examination of civil-military relations in each country, whether it is under military rule or not. The Middle East, as defined in this book, comprises eighteen states, stretching from Morocco to Afghanistan and Pakistan. Probing the role of the military in each state, the author assesses such other factors as the geographical and regional influences on specific national developments. Dominating all are the ramifications of the competing American and Soviet policies for the region. Through his analysis of the cold war tactics of the two Great Powers, and of the bewildering arms races and the confusion of military politics that these tactics have engendered, Professor Hurewitz brings into much clearer perspective the options for the West, and particularly for the United States, in this area. He has provided, in sum, an informative and fully documented study of the whole interplay of domestic, regional, and international politics in the postwar Middle East.

Download or read book Civil military Relationships in Developing Countries written by Dhirendra K. Vajpeyi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines two sides of civil-military relations in developing countries. One is the place of civil-military relations within a state's political and economic systems; the other is the role of the military on a state's maintenance of peace and stability. The book thus proposes that the function of soldiers is not only to defend and deter, but also to develop. The chapters provide a comprehensive analysis of civil-military relationship with comparative cases on Botswana, China, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, and The Arab Spring Countries of the Middle East including Bahrain, Sudan, Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Tunisia, Yemen and Libya. Each chapter analyzes the historical, cultural and political factors that shape the direction of the man on the white horse (military elite) and the politician. In doing so, this book reveals the potential impact of the nature of civil military relations on democratization, political and economic development, and on regional/international security. Dhirendra Vajpeyi and Glen Segell discuss and critique the current models and literature on civil-military relations. The innovative framework and careful choice of case studies, presented in a jargon-free, accessible style, makes this book attractive to scholars and students of civil military relations and development studies, as well as policymakers.

Download or read book US Civil Military Relations After 9 11 written by Mackubin Thomas Owens and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2011-01-27 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough survey of the key issues that surround the relations between the military and its civilian control in the US today.

Download or read book Armies and State building in the Modern Middle East written by Stephanie Cronin and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2013-12-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The uprisings of 2011, which erupted so unexpectedly and spread across the Middle East, once again propelled the armies of the region to the centre of the political stage. Throughout the region, the experience of the first decade of the twenty-first century provides ample reason to re-examine Middle Eastern armies and the historical context which produced them. By adding an historical understanding to a contemporary political analysis, Stephanie Cronin examines the structures and activities of Middle Eastern armies and their role in state- and empire-building. Focusing on Iran, Afghanistan and Saudi Arabia, Armies, Tribes and States in the Middle East presents a clear and concise analysis of the nature of armies and the differing guises military reform has taken throughout the region. Covering the region from the birth of modern armies there in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, to the military revolutions of the 1950s and 60s and on to the twenty-first century army-building exercises seen in Iraq and Afghanistan, Cronin provides a unique and vital presentation of the role of the military in the modern Middle East.

Download or read book Civil Military Relations in Lebanon written by Are John Knudsen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-31 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines Lebanon’s post-2011 security dilemmas and the tenuous civil-military relations. The Syrian civil war has strained the Lebanese Armed Forces’ (LAF) cohesion and threatens its neutrality – its most valued assets in a divided society. The spill-over from the Syrian civil war and Hezbollah’s military engagement has magnified the security challenges facing the Army, making it a target. Massive foreign grants have sought to strengthen its military capability, stabilize the country and contain the Syria crisis. However, as this volume demonstrates, the real weakness of the LAF is not its lack of sophisticated armoury, but the fragile civil–military relations that compromise its fighting power, cripple its neutrality and expose it to accusations of partisanship and political bias. This testifies to both the importance of and the challenges facing multi-confessional armies in deeply divided countries.

Download or read book New Perspectives on Middle East Politics written by Robert Mason and published by American University in Cairo Press. This book was released on 2021-05-25 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ideal primer on contemporary Middle East Politics, covering the entire MENA region from an interdisciplinary perspective This compelling volume examines important and cross-cutting themes in the study of contemporary Middle East and North African politics and international relations in the current climate. Drawing together contributions from scholars based within the region and beyond, it weaves together essential interdisciplinary, conceptually rich, and forward-looking content. Chapters cover population and youth, civil–military relations, soft power and geopolitical competition, regionalization and internationalization of conflict, the role of oil in reconstruction efforts, extra-regional actors, environmental politics, and specifically, the Israel–Palestine conflict. Students are supported with an extended and innovative glossary, including key concepts, actors and abbreviations. New Perspectives on Middle East Politics serves as an ideal primer and companion volume for scholars of contemporary Middle East Studies, as well as for policy professionals, journalists and the general reader engaging and re-engaging with the region. Contributor affiliations: Mohamed Abdelraouf, Gulf Research Centre, Jeddah, United Arab Emirates Dina Arakji, Carnegie Middle East Center, Beirut, Lebanon Eyad AlRefai, Lancaster University, Lancashire, England and King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia Philipp Casula, University of Basel, Switzerland Ishac Diwan, Paris Sciences et Lettres and Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France Seif Hendy, American University in Cairo, Egypt Simon Mabon, Lancaster University, Lancashire, England Robert Mason, Lancaster University, Lancashire, England Neil Partrick, freelance consultant, UK

Download or read book Guardians or Oppressors written by Gülçin Balamir Coşkun and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2015-05-13 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates an important phenomenon in the Middle East and the Mediterranean region, namely the role that the military plays in the governments of several states of the region. Can military forces be defined as guardians of a regime in a democratic state? How is it possible to limit the power of armies to solely military prerogatives and competences? How can the intervention of military forces in the political arena in democratising countries be prevented? It is easy to ask these questions, but finding answers is more difficult. Using historical events and theories as examples to follow is an even more complicated task. What happened after the Arab Spring has demonstrated again how civil-military relations constitute an important pillar of the democratisation process. The contributors to this book develop and analyse the reasons why militaries in the Middle East and the Mediterranean wished to obtain a guardianship role and the methods they used to achieve and maintain it. The book also investigates how these militaries reacted to democratisation in their respective countries, and begins with a conceptual framework followed by examples from Spain, Egypt, Turkey, Lebanon and Iran. This work provides a multi-faceted understanding of the historical, political, social and economic layers of complicated civil-military relations in one of the world’s most unstable regions.

Download or read book Transforming Civil Security Relations in the Middle East written by Birthe Hansen and published by . This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the role of the security sector in the Arab Spring and its role in the subsequent process of democratization. It argues that in the new Millennium, some Arab militaries have begun to adopt a new role as 'democracy managers' rather than as protectors of authoritarian regimes, and that the existence of informal webs necessitates an approach that focuses on the security sector rather than the regular armies, and that the region is subjected to a strong external pressure for socialization. These effects are identified and informed by experiences from the Arab Spring. The revolts in 2011, the so-called Arab Spring, provide opportunities for new insights in the relationship between society and armed forces in the region. It has become possible to test existing theories and hypotheses, develop new concepts in order to analyze the development, and to gain access to more sources. The changes have so far produced a greater openness, and new information about the past and present has become available. The purpose of this work is to examine conceptual and empirical challenges arising from the Arab Spring, particularly in respect to three questions: first, is the conception of civil-military relations adequate when analyzing societal balances in the Middle East? Second, is the military in societies in transition in the 21st century able to develop a role different from the ones envisaged in the classic literature on civil-military relations? Third, to what extent does a perspective that emphasizes external variables hold explanatory power? The popular uprisings confronted authoritarian regimes that all relied on the military - which were beforehand anticipated to protect the regimes and function as a bulwark against profound political change. Different outcomes, however, were the result: in some of the states, the military contributed to initiate processes of democratization. This book will be of much interest to students of Middle Eastern politics, civil-military relations, security sector reform, war and conflict studies and IR in general.

Download or read book Political Military Relations and the Stability of Arab Regimes written by Risa Brooks and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arab leaderships have been remarkably stable since the 1970s, particularly given the frequency of military coups in preceding years. Nonetheless, the military remains a key force in most Arab states and political leaders must maintain its loyalty if they are to retain office. Regimes have used a range of methods to ensure the military’s backing: In Egypt, President Hosni Mubarak has maintained political control largely through providing the military with private and corporate benefits; selective appointments and institutional checks, are also useful instruments. Tribal relations underpin King Hussein’s political control in Jordan. Transjordanians have not only been the main beneficiaries of political power, but have also occupied the key positions in the armed forces. In Syria, President Hafez al-Assad has built his regime on the Alawi minority, while the vast security apparatus limits the spread of sectarian, class or ideological grievances in the military. President Saddam Hussein has established multiple security agencies in Iraq designed to prevent conspiracies against his regime. Regular rotations and purges ensure that few officers are in place long enough to contemplate, let alone organise, a coup, while the severe punishments meted out to suspected plotters are a further disincentive to rebellion. In this paper, Risa Brooks argues that the need for Arab regimes to maintain political control can undermine the combat potential of their armed forces. Centralising command, creating overlapping commands, politicising selection criteria and authorising involvement in economic activities all potentially compromise military effectiveness. The fact that regimes have successfully managed political–military relations in the past does not mean that they will automatically do so in the future. Changing social or economic conditions could upset the equilibrium in political–military relations. Regime stability cannot therefore be taken for granted Transition to new leadership is a looming issue for the key regimes in Egypt, Syria and Jordan; political–military relations will play a crucial role in how it is resolved. New leaders must gain and maintain social support if they are to consolidate power. The fact that so many Middle Eastern regimes face uncertain transitions raises the sobering prospect of profound instability and change in this strategically vital region. Maintaining political control is a continuous and evolving process. A breakdown in social support for the leadership, failure to detect a conspiracy within the military and economic or political change that threatens military prerogatives could all disrupt political–military relations. Current stability should not give rise to complacency.

Download or read book The Turkish Deep State written by Mehtap Sooyler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-02-11 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deep state ranks among the most critical issues in Turkish politics. This book traces its origins and offers an explanation of the emergence and trajectory of the deep state; the meaning and function of informal and authoritarian institutions in the formal security sector of a democratic regime; the involvement of the state in organized crime; armed conflict; corruption; and massive human rights violations. This book applies an innovative methodological approach to concept formation and offers a mid-range theory of deep state that sheds light on the reciprocal relationship between the state and political regimes and elaborates on the conditions for the consolidation of democracy. It traces the path-dependent emergence and trajectory of the deep state from the Ottoman Empire to the current Turkish Republic and its impact on state-society relations. It reads state formation, consolidation, and breakdown from the perspective of this most resilient phenomenon of Turkish politics. The analysis also situates recent developments regarding AKP governments, including the EU accession process, civil-military relations, coup trials, the Kurdish question, and the Gülen Movement in their context within the deep state. Moreover, this case-study offers an analytical framework for cross-regional comparative analysis of the deep states. Addressing the lacuna in academic scholarship on the deep state phenomenon in Turkey, this book is essential reading for students and scholars with an interest in democratization, politics and Middle East Studies.

Download or read book Interpreting the Middle East written by David S. Sorenson and published by ReadHowYouWant.com. This book was released on 2011-06 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary approaches to comparative studies of the Middle East increasingly recognize how globalization and regional mass communication have blurred differences across countries. Populations travel across national borders and compare narratives about political change, economic futures, and the role of the outside world in shaping their lives. Organized by five principal themes of a regional overview, politics, political economy, social contexts, and the international dimensions of Middle East issues, Interpreting the Middle East provides a vibrant introduction to the Middle East that is compatible with this regionalist perspective. Invited authorities contribute insightful and accessible original discussions of headline-fresh issues, including the aftermath of the Iraq war, Iran's regional ambitions, developments in the Israeli Palestinian conflict, and the global politics of Middle East oil, as well as the Islamic awakening, conflict in the Western Sahara, civil military relations, economic development, political change, and gender understandings. Section introductions by the editor integrate the contributions, and a glossary, biographical list of key persons, and chronology of significant events provide helpful guidance for readers.

Download or read book Interpreting the Middle East written by David Sorenson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary approaches to comparative studies of the Middle East increasingly recognize how globalization and regional mass communication have blurred differences across countries. Populations travel across national borders and compare narratives about political change, economic futures, and the role of the outside world in shaping their lives. Organized by five principal themes of a regional overview, politics, economic development, social context, and international issues, Interpreting the Middle East provides a vibrant introduction to the Middle East that is compatible with this regionalist perspective. Invited authorities contribute insightful and accessible original discussions of central headline-fresh issues such as the aftermath of the Iraq war, Iran's regional ambitions, developments in the Israeli'Palestinian conflict, and the global politics of Middle East oil, gender, and religion. Section introductions by the editor integrate the contributions, and suggested readings, a glossary, and a biographical list of key persons provide helpful guidance for readers.