Download or read book Endgames written by Hicham Bou Nassif and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2011 Arab Spring is the story of what happens when autocrats prepare their militaries to thwart coups but unexpectedly face massive popular uprisings instead. When demonstrators took to the streets in 2011, some militaries remained loyal to the autocratic regimes, some defected, whilst others splintered. The widespread consequences of this military agency ranged from facilitating transition to democracy, to reconfiguring authoritarianism, or triggering civil war. This study aims to explain the military politics of 2011. Building on interviews with Arab officers, extensive fieldwork and archival research, as well as hundreds of memoirs published by Arab officers, Hicham Bou Nassif shows how divergent combinations of coup-proofing tactics accounted for different patterns of military behaviour in 2011, both in Egypt and Syria, and across Tunisia, and Libya.
Download or read book Military Disengagement from Politics written by Constantine Panos Danopoulos and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1988 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Political Military Relations and the Stability of Arab Regimes written by Risa Brooks and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arab leaderships have been remarkably stable since the 1970s, particularly given the frequency of military coups in preceding years. Nonetheless, the military remains a key force in most Arab states and political leaders must maintain its loyalty if they are to retain office. Regimes have used a range of methods to ensure the military’s backing: In Egypt, President Hosni Mubarak has maintained political control largely through providing the military with private and corporate benefits; selective appointments and institutional checks, are also useful instruments. Tribal relations underpin King Hussein’s political control in Jordan. Transjordanians have not only been the main beneficiaries of political power, but have also occupied the key positions in the armed forces. In Syria, President Hafez al-Assad has built his regime on the Alawi minority, while the vast security apparatus limits the spread of sectarian, class or ideological grievances in the military. President Saddam Hussein has established multiple security agencies in Iraq designed to prevent conspiracies against his regime. Regular rotations and purges ensure that few officers are in place long enough to contemplate, let alone organise, a coup, while the severe punishments meted out to suspected plotters are a further disincentive to rebellion. In this paper, Risa Brooks argues that the need for Arab regimes to maintain political control can undermine the combat potential of their armed forces. Centralising command, creating overlapping commands, politicising selection criteria and authorising involvement in economic activities all potentially compromise military effectiveness. The fact that regimes have successfully managed political–military relations in the past does not mean that they will automatically do so in the future. Changing social or economic conditions could upset the equilibrium in political–military relations. Regime stability cannot therefore be taken for granted Transition to new leadership is a looming issue for the key regimes in Egypt, Syria and Jordan; political–military relations will play a crucial role in how it is resolved. New leaders must gain and maintain social support if they are to consolidate power. The fact that so many Middle Eastern regimes face uncertain transitions raises the sobering prospect of profound instability and change in this strategically vital region. Maintaining political control is a continuous and evolving process. A breakdown in social support for the leadership, failure to detect a conspiracy within the military and economic or political change that threatens military prerogatives could all disrupt political–military relations. Current stability should not give rise to complacency.
Download or read book Armies and Insurgencies in the Arab Spring written by Holger Albrecht and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2016-12-02 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Armies and Insurgencies in the Arab Spring explores the central problems concerning the role of the armed forces in the contemporary Arab world.
Download or read book Soldiers in Politics written by Eric A. Nordlinger and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1977 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Om militærkup og mikitærregeringer i Latinamerika, Asien., Afrika, og Mellemøsten siden 1945 med mere indgående omtale af begivenheder i Brasilien, Peru, Nigeria, Ghana, Ægypten, Pakistan, Burma og Sydkorea.
Download or read book Creating Military Power written by Risa Brooks and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-09 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creating Military Power examines how societies, cultures, political structures, and the global environment affect countries' military organizations. Unlike most analyses of countries' military power, which focus on material and basic resources—such as the size of populations, technological and industrial base, and GNP—this volume takes a more expansive view. The study's overarching argument is that states' global environments and the particularities of their cultures, social structures, and political institutions often affect how they organize and prepare for war, and ultimately impact their effectiveness in battle. The creation of military power is only partially dependent on states' basic material and human assets. Wealth, technology, and human capital certainly matter for a country's ability to create military power, but equally important are the ways a state uses those resources, and this often depends on the political and social environment in which military activity takes place.
Download or read book Authoritarianism in the Middle East written by Marsha Pripstein Posusney and published by Lynne Rienner Pub. This book was released on 2005 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do authoritarian regimes prevail in the Middle East, while successful democratic transitions are occurring in the developing world? This text focuses on the role of political institutions and the strategic choices made by both rulers and opposition challengers, revealing how the balance of power continues to favor the status quo.
Download or read book The Future Security Environment in the Middle East written by Nora Bensahel and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2004-03-12 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report identifies several important trends that are shaping regional security. It examines traditional security concerns, such as energy security and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, as well as newer challenges posed by political reform, economic reform, civil-military relations, leadership change, and the information revolution. The report concludes by identifying the implications of these trends for U.S. foreign policy.
Download or read book Ruling But Not Governing written by Steven A. Cook and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2007-05 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ruling, but not governing : a logic of regime stability -- The Egyptian, Algerian, and Turkish military "enclaves" : the contours of the officers' autonomy -- The pouvoir militaire and the failure to achieve a "just mean" -- Institutionalizing a military-founded system -- Turkish paradox : Islamist political power and the Kemalist political order -- Toward a democratic transition? : weakening the patterns of political inclusion and exclusion.
Download or read book The Dictator s Army written by Caitlin Talmadge and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-22 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Dictator's Army, Caitlin Talmadge presents a compelling new argument to help us understand why authoritarian militaries sometimes fight very well—and sometimes very poorly. Talmadge's framework for understanding battlefield effectiveness focuses on four key sets of military organizational practices: promotion patterns, training regimens, command arrangements, and information management. Different regimes face different domestic and international threat environments, leading their militaries to adopt different policies in these key areas of organizational behavior.Authoritarian regimes facing significant coup threats are likely to adopt practices that squander the state's military power, while regimes lacking such threats and possessing ambitious foreign policy goals are likely to adopt the effective practices often associated with democracies. Talmadge shows the importance of threat conditions and military organizational practices for battlefield performance in two paired comparisons of states at war: North and South Vietnam (1963–1975) and Iran and Iraq (1980–1988). Drawing on extensive documentary sources, her analysis demonstrates that threats and practices can vary not only between authoritarian regimes but also within them, either over time or across different military units. The result is a persuasive explanation of otherwise puzzling behavior by authoritarian militaries. The Dictator's Army offers a vital practical tool for those seeking to assess the likely course, costs, and outcomes of future conflicts involving nondemocratic adversaries, allies, or coalition partners.
Download or read book Guardians of the Arab State written by Florence Gaub and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This trenchant history of praetorianism in the Arab world recounts the baleful influence of the armed forces in shaping the region's political landscape over the last three decades.
Download or read book Politics and the Russian Army written by Brian D. Taylor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-06-09 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Military coups have plagued many countries around the world, but Russia, despite its tumultuous history, has not experienced a successful military coup in over two centuries. In a series of detailed case studies, Brian Taylor explains the political role of the Russian military. Drawing on a wealth of new material, including archives and interviews, Taylor discusses every case of actual or potential military intervention in Russian politics from Peter the Great to Vladimir Putin. Taylor analyzes in particular detail the army's behavior during the political revolutions that marked the beginning and end of the twentieth century, two periods when the military was, uncharacteristically, heavily involved in domestic politics. He argues that a common thread unites the late-Imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet Russian army: an organizational culture that believes that intervention against the country's political leadership - whether tsar, general secretary, or president - is fundamentally illegitimate.
Download or read book The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Military in Politics written by William R. Thompson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2022 with total page 2880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This encyclopedia provides the definitive resource for exploring the role that military personnel and organizations have played in politics. Many of the articles examine how the military has been involved in politics in specific states. Other articles link the country-specific accounts to broader questions concerning the military in politics, such as what factors encourage military coups, what are the consequences of military rule, how do military personnel vote, and whether military expenditures boost economic growth. No other work has examined the relationships between governments and their military with such breadth. As a result, the Oxford Encyclopedia of the Military in Politics is a necessary resource for students, specialists, and scholars"--
Download or read book The Arab Uprisings written by James L. Gelvin and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arab Uprisings: What Everyone Needs to Know(R) answers readers' questions about the history and current state of the Arab world and addresses all aspects of the uprisings since late 2010, including their causes, the role of social media, the diverse paths they have taken, the role of the United States and the uprisings' impact on the United States, and possible outcomes.
Download or read book Military Organization and Society written by Stanislav Andreski and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Contemporary Nigerian Politics written by A. Carl LeVan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-17 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2015, Nigeria's voters cast out the ruling People's Democratic Party (PDP). Here, A. Carl LeVan traces the political vulnerability of Africa's largest party in the face of elite bargains that facilitated a democratic transition in 1999. These 'pacts' enabled electoral competition but ultimately undermined the party's coherence. LeVan also crucially examines the four critical barriers to Nigeria's democratic consolidation: the terrorism of Boko Haram in the northeast, threats of Igbo secession in the southeast, lingering ethnic resentments and rebellions in the Niger Delta, and farmer-pastoralist conflicts. While the PDP unsuccessfully stoked fears about the opposition's ability to stop Boko Haram's terrorism, the opposition built a winning electoral coalition on economic growth, anti-corruption, and electoral integrity. Drawing on extensive interviews with a number of politicians and generals and civilians and voters, he argues that electoral accountability is essential but insufficient for resolving the representational, distributional, and cultural components of these challenges.
Download or read book Civil Military Relations in Lebanon written by Are John Knudsen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-31 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines Lebanon’s post-2011 security dilemmas and the tenuous civil-military relations. The Syrian civil war has strained the Lebanese Armed Forces’ (LAF) cohesion and threatens its neutrality – its most valued assets in a divided society. The spill-over from the Syrian civil war and Hezbollah’s military engagement has magnified the security challenges facing the Army, making it a target. Massive foreign grants have sought to strengthen its military capability, stabilize the country and contain the Syria crisis. However, as this volume demonstrates, the real weakness of the LAF is not its lack of sophisticated armoury, but the fragile civil–military relations that compromise its fighting power, cripple its neutrality and expose it to accusations of partisanship and political bias. This testifies to both the importance of and the challenges facing multi-confessional armies in deeply divided countries.
