Download or read book Circulation Residence Time and Retention in a Tropical Coral Reef written by Liv Muir Meltzner Herdman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We perform a study of residence time and circulation on the tropical fringing reef on the north shore of Moorea, French Polynesia. This study was motivated by the dependence of many important biological factors on residence time, notably, phytoplankton biomass, nutrient availability and larval recruitment. Three important features that are common to fringing reef systems were identified as important to residence time: 1) the strength of wave-driven flow 2) the dynamics of a jet exiting the reef pass and 3) thermal buoyancy-driven exchange. Through field observations we determine that wave-driven flow is responsible for the majority of the volume flow through the system. Our analysis of the field observations shows that water exiting through the reef passes was often re-entrained by the wave driven flow; this provides an important retention mechanism for reef water. The amount of water retained by a wide reef pass was investigated with field measurements and a simplified numerical model of the field site. We find that alongshore flow, jet strength, jet buoyancy and jet to reef area ratios are all important factors influencing retention. In normal winter field conditions, the amount of water re-entrained ranged from 20- 50 percent of exiting water. Additionally, we find that the exchange in the back bay of the system is primarily determined by variations in depth that create horizontal thermal and therefore buoyancy gradients. The horizontal buoyancy gradients are an important mechanism for exchange in parts of the reef less affected by the wave-driven circulation. The difference in heating between the reef and the ocean also maintains a stratified exchange flow in the pass; the dynamics that determine the interface and mixing at the jet are controlled by this thermal stratification.
Download or read book Physical Oceanographic Processes of the Great Barrier Reef written by E. Wolanski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Oceanographic Processes of the Great Barrier Reef is the first comprehensive volume describing the water circulation and its influence in controlling the distribution of marine life on the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. The book uses exhaustive field and numerical studies to show how the influence of the salient topography occurs at all scales.
Download or read book Coastal Fluxes in the Anthropocene written by Christopher J. Crossland and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-10-24 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book synthesizes knowledge of coastal and riverine material fluxes, biogeochemical processes and indications of change, both natural, and increasingly human-initiated. Here, the authors assess coastal flux in the past and present, and in future under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP) and the LOICZ II (Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone) Project.
Download or read book Effects of Fishing and Trophic Interactions on Tropical Reef Builders written by Jennifer K. O'Leary and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 4604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of estuaries and coasts has seen enormous growth in recent years, since changes in these areas have a large effect on the food chain, as well as on the physics and chemistry of the ocean. As the coasts and river banks around the world become more densely populated, the pressure on these ecosystems intensifies, putting a new focus on environmental, socio-economic and policy issues. Written by a team of international expert scientists, under the guidance of Chief Editors Eric Wolanski and Donald McClusky, the Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Ten Volume Set examines topics in depth, and aims to provide a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Most up-to-date reference for system-based coastal and estuarine science and management, from the inland watershed to the ocean shelf Chief editors have assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Approach focuses on the physical, biological, chemistry, ecosystem, human, ecological and economics processes, to show how to best use multidisciplinary science to ensure earth's sustainability Provides a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Features up-to-date chapters covering a full range of topics
Download or read book Waves and Flows on Coral Reefs written by Mathilde Lindhart and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coral reefs worldwide are under significant pressure from anthropogenic stressors, including climate change. The threat is large scale and global, and thus the response must be, too. Scientists address the subject from a myriad of fields such as biology, ecology, chemistry, acoustics, socio-economics, cultural studies, and public policy, to name a few. This dissertation is concerned with the physics of coral reefs, specifically the physics of flows around reefs. Reefs rely on outside forces such as winds, tides, and waves to circulate water and govern their physical environment, and thus, changes in the hydrodynamics can change important environmental parameters such as temperature and nutrient availability. Reefs are complex and no two reefs are the same, and while the study of reef hydrodynamics draws on older, more established fields such as coastal engineering, reefs are not simply oddly shaped beaches, and they pose their unique questions and challenges. One such challenge is the complicated geometry of reefs; steep fore reefs, shallow reef flats, spurs and grooves, channels and lagoons. Another is that reefs are orders of magnitude more rough than a sandy beach. The first part of this dissertation addresses the establishment of a framework to analyze and compare reefs in terms of their dynamical regimes, i.e., the dominant forcing and resulting circulation patterns. In this framework, two end members are suggested; the open reef, which can be described in terms of open channel flow, and the closed reef, which is similar to what we observe on beaches. The first chapter of the dissertation defines these concepts and relies on numerical modeling to support why the distinction is meaningful. Given that roughness is a defining feature of coral reefs compared to other coastal environments, Chapters 2 and 3 address the role of roughness in reef flow and to which extent we can measure roughness in the field. Intuitively, we think of roughness and friction as opposing forces that slow down or impede motion, and thus higher roughness would be a detriment to efficient circulation. However, Chapter 2 shows that for certain reefs, high roughness in fact facilitates efficient flushing and low residence times. The dynamics in this case are that of an open reef. In comparison, a reef with lower roughness (e.g., a reef with high mortality or significant physical damage from a storm) is less efficient at circulating and renewing water. The dynamics in these models were more similar to a closed reef. Having established the importance of roughness, Chapter 3 presents on a two-week study at Salomon Atoll, Chagos, in the Indian Ocean, to investigate how reliable our estimates of roughness are. Presuming that a reef has a roughness parameter associated with it, we should be able to quantify it. Our results should be reproducible and not depend in the exact instrument configuration or method of analysis, i.e., two observers inspecting the same phenomena should come to similar conclusions. We show that across four different, commonly used instrument types, deployed in different locations on the reef, and using multiple analytical approaches, the results are largely independent of the method used. However, the results do show that what one observed depends on where one looks. That is, instruments that measure over a small volume, close to the corals will be influenced by small-scale flow features and measure more local effects, whereas instruments that span the entire water column and average over these fluctuations tend to measure aggregate reef effects. Finally, continuing the reflections of the previous chapter, Chapter 4 is a commentary on methods often used to estimate wave exposure on coral reefs within the oceanographic community. As mentioned previously, coral reefs are complex systems with multifaceted threats that require interdisciplinary solutions spanning life, physical, and social sciences. This chapter challenges the use of a method to estimate wave exposure commonly used in ecology and biology, and largely retired in physical oceanography. However, the intention is not to deter interdisciplinary work, but to encourage the use of newer, more accurate methods to further our understanding of the future of coral reefs.
Download or read book Nitrogen in the Marine Environment written by Douglas G. Capone and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-08-01 with total page 2079 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first edition of Nitrogen in the Marine Environment was published in 1983, it has been recognized as the standard in the field. In the time since the book first appeared, there has been tremendous growth in the field with unprecedented discoveries over the past decade that have fundamentally changed the view of the marine nitrogen cycle. As a result, this Second Edition contains twice the amount of information that the first edition contained. This updated edition is now available online, offering searchability and instant, multi-user access to this important information.*The classic text, fully updated to reflect the rapid pace of discovery*Provides researchers and students in oceanography, chemistry, and marine ecology an understanding of the marine nitrogen cycle*Available online with easy access and search - the information you need, when you need it
Download or read book Cymatium Muricinum and Other Ranellid Gastropods written by Hugh Govan and published by WorldFish. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Collected Reprints written by Southwest Fisheries Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Collected Reprints written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tropical Ecosystems and Ecological Concepts written by Patrick L. Osborne and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-08-31 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introductory textbook on tropical ecology, unique in its international scope and balanced coverage of both aquatic and terrestrial systems.
Download or read book Environmental Best Management Practices for Aquaculture written by Craig S. Tucker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-03 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in Cooperation with THE UNITED STATES AQUACULTURE SOCIETY The rapid growth of aquaculture worldwide and domestically has caused concerns over social and environmental impacts. Environmental advocacy groups and government regulatory agencies have called for better management to address potentially negative impacts and assure sustainable aquaculture development. Best Management Practices (BMPs) combine sound science, common sense, economics, and site-specific management to mitigate or prevent adverse environmental impacts. Environmental Best Management Practices for Aquaculture will provide technical guidance to improve the environmental performance of aquaculture. This book will be the only comprehensive guide to BMPs for mitigation of environmental impacts of aquaculture in the United States. The book addresses development and implementation of BMPs, BMPs for specific aquaculture production systems, and the economics of implementing best management practices. Written by internationally recognized experts in environmental management and aquaculture from academia, government, and non-governmental organizations, this book will be a valuable reference for innovative producers, policy makers, regulators, research scientists, and students.
Download or read book Current Advances in Ecological Environmental Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 1992-07 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Current Trends in Estuarine and Coastal Dynamics written by Xiao Hua Wang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-08-17 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Trends in Estuarine and Coastal Dynamics: Observations and Modelling is a thorough reference guide on the most recent trends and developments in observing and modelling of estuaries and coastal oceans. The coasts cover a diverse range of ecosystems within marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments. They are some of the most heavily populated and visited areas and are also some of the most threatened natural habitats. Human activities like sewage discharge, overfishing, navigation channel dredging, land reclamation, the construction of shipping ports and marine plastics are also responsible for coastal pollution and degradation. This book focuses on current studies on sediment transport dynamics and hydrodynamics of these environments and presents thorough case studies that aim to help students and researchers working in the field. - Includes worldwide contributions from experts in the field of ocean modelling and coastal management - Contains real-life case studies to guide students and researchers - Covers the latest studies on recent developments in observing and modelling estuaries and coastal oceans
Download or read book A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-05 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coral reef declines have been recorded for all major tropical ocean basins since the 1980s, averaging approximately 30-50% reductions in reef cover globally. These losses are a result of numerous problems, including habitat destruction, pollution, overfishing, disease, and climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions and the associated increases in ocean temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations have been implicated in increased reports of coral bleaching, disease outbreaks, and ocean acidification (OA). For the hundreds of millions of people who depend on reefs for food or livelihoods, the thousands of communities that depend on reefs for wave protection, the people whose cultural practices are tied to reef resources, and the many economies that depend on reefs for fisheries or tourism, the health and maintenance of this major global ecosystem is crucial. A growing body of research on coral physiology, ecology, molecular biology, and responses to stress has revealed potential tools to increase coral resilience. Some of this knowledge is poised to provide practical interventions in the short-term, whereas other discoveries are poised to facilitate research that may later open the doors to additional interventions. A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs reviews the state of science on genetic, ecological, and environmental interventions meant to enhance the persistence and resilience of coral reefs. The complex nature of corals and their associated microbiome lends itself to a wide range of possible approaches. This first report provides a summary of currently available information on the range of interventions present in the scientific literature and provides a basis for the forthcoming final report.
Download or read book Site Characterization for the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Environs Functional ecology and ecosystem trophodynamics written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Island Dynamical Systems Atmosphere Ocean and Biogeochemical Processes written by Rui Caldeira and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-17 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
