Download or read book Chromatin Remodelling and Immunity written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-01-02 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chromatin Remodelling and Immunity, Volume 106, the latest release in the Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology series is an essential resource for protein chemists. Each volume brings forth new information about protocols and analysis of proteins, with each thematically organized volume guest edited by leading experts in a broad range of protein-related topics. - Provides cutting-edge developments in protein chemistry and structural biology - Written by authorities in the field - Targeted to a wide audience of researchers, specialists, and students
Download or read book Chromatin Remodeling and Immunity written by Rossen Donev and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Contribution of Chromatin to Gene Regulation in the Immune System written by Amy Susan Weinmann and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigating the Effects of Nucleosome Remodeling Factor Knockdown on Anti tumor Immunity written by Mark G. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nucleosome remodeling factor (NURF) is a chromatin remodeling complex involved in early animal development and is implicated in a number of cancers. In previous work, knockdown of NURF's largest subunit, BPTF, resulted in diminished tumor growth in mouse cancer cell lines. Other studies in our lab demonstrated increased activation of T-lymphocytes into BPTF KD tumors. In order to examine if this approach has any therapeutic potential, this work investigates the effects of BPTF knockdown in established tumors by using recombinant adenoviruses (rAd), as well as observe the way the immune system interacts with BPTF knockdown cells, both in vivo by flow cytometry and in culture with cytotoxicity assays.
Download or read book Protein Complexes that Modify Chromatin written by Jerry L. Workman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An early view of eukaryotic chromosomes was that of static structures, which stored DNA not in use within a given cell type. It was thought that packaging of DNA into higher levels of chromatin structure would suffice to repress gene expression and that the challenge to the cell would be to rescue specific sequences from these structures. The exten sive packaging of inactive DNA was considered the primary difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes and except for that point both would be similarly regulated by cis-acting sequences and trans acting factors. Our view of eukaryotic chromosomes has evolved dra matically over the last decade. The picture of chromosomes that is emerging is that of dynamic breathing organelles actively regulating the flow of genetic information from the genome. Indeed chromatin is so fluid that even maintaining gene quiescence is an active process and is tightly regulated. Chromatin dynamics is a consequence of protein complexes that modify histones, remove histone modifications, mobi lize nucleosomes or stabilize nucleosomes. Awide variety of such com plexes have now been described. Some are abundant and may play glo bal roles in chromosome fluidity and function. Others are more rare and specialized for specific functions at discreet loci. Moreover, several complexes share biochemical activities and genetic studies suggest overlapping functions in vivo. Many components of these complexes were first revealed in genetic screens, while others were discovered by novel cell biological or biochemical approaches.
Download or read book Investigating the Role of the Nucleosome Remodeling Factor INO80 in Development and NURF in Anti tumor Immunity written by Zeinab Elsayed and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how an epigenetic regulator such as ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes modulate processes such as development and/or immune response is essential for our comprehension of cell biology. Deletion of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor INO80 is known to be embryonically lethal, however, the mechanism is not known. To identify roles for INO80 in mouse early development we generated Ino80 KO mice. Ino80 KO ESCs (Embryonic stem cells) were viable when maintained at ground state pluripotency but fail to differentiate in vitro and in vivo. Gene expression analysis of Ino80 KO early embryos by in situ hybridization showed elevated Bmp4 expression and reduced expression of DVE (distal visceral endoderm) markers Cer1, Hex, and Lefty1. BMP4 is a known negative regulator of DVE differentiation in the early embryo. Molecular studies in Ino80 KO ESCs demonstrated that INO80 is bound to the Bmp4 promoter, and regulates its chromatin structure, to suppress the positive regulator SP1 from stimulating its transcription. These results, suggest that INO80 directly regulates the chromatin structure of the Bmp4 promoter with consequences to mouse embryo development. These results are significant because they demonstrate a specific role of INO80 in establishing P-D embryonic axis. NURF (Nucleosome remodeling factor) is another ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex that is overexpressed in many cancer types including breast cancer. To demonstrate the roles of NURF in breast cancer biology, we knocked-down the NURF essential subunit BPTF (bromodomain PHD finger transcription factor) in mouse breast cancer cell lines. Transplantation of these cell lines into immune-competent mice revealed that BPTF KD enhances NK cell antitumor activity. BPTF KD enhanced NK-92 cytotoxic activity toward BPTF KD cells by NKp30 activation in vitro. NK-92 activity is reduced by the addition of heparin to the culture medium, further indicating the involvement of NKp30 (in human) and NCR1 (in mice) in killing of tumor cells. We found that BPTF controls the abundance of NKp30/NCR1 ligands (heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) by regulation of heparanase expression (endoglycosidase that degrades HSPGs). In addition, BPTF depletion in established mouse breast tumors enhanced anti-tumor immunity, without affecting NK or T cell cytotoxic activity, providing a novel immunotherapy target.
Download or read book Chromatin and Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes Part A written by Carl Wu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-02-20 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA in the nucleus of plant and animal cells is stored in the form of chromatin. Chromatin and the Chromatin remodellng enzymes play an important role in gene transcription.*Histone Bioinformatics*Biochemistry of histones, nucleosomes and chromatin*Molecular cytology of chromatin functions
Download or read book The Role of the Nucleosome Remodeling Factor NURF in Inhibiting T and Natural Killer Cell Mediated Antitumor Immunity by Suppressing Tumor Antigenicity and Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor Co ligands written by Kimberly Christine Mayes and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tumor immunoediting is a dynamic process in which the immune response attacks tumor cells by detecting danger signals and tumor antigens. In order to survive, tumor cells develop mechanisms to avoid detection or destruction by the immune system. To counteract this, several strategies are being developed to enhance the antitumor immune response, including the depletion of immunosuppressive cells, enhancing the activation of antitumor immune cells and increasing tumor cell immunogenicity. These therapies have seen limited success individually, however, and it is likely that combination therapy with novel targets will be necessary to see reproducible beneficial responses. Epigenetic modifications are attractive therapeutic targets because they are reversible and affect gene expression in cancer cells. Within this framework, this study aimed to elucidate the role of the chromatin remodeling complex nucleosome remodeling factor (NURF) in cancer immunoediting by silencing of bromodomain PHD-finger containing transcription factor (BPTF), the largest and essential subunit of NURF. Using two syngeneic mouse models of cancer, BPTF was found to suppress T cell antitumor activity in the tumor microenvironment. In vitro, enhanced cytolytic activity was observed for individual CD8 T cell clones only from mice bearing BPTF-silenced tumors, implicating the involvement of novel antigens. Mechanistic investigations revealed that NURF directly suppresses the expression of genes encoding immunoproteasome subunits Psmb8 and Psmb9 and the antigen transporter genes Tap1 and Tap2. PSMB8 inhibition reversed the effects of BPTF ablation, consistent with a critical role for the immunoproteasome in improving tumor immunogenicity. Thus, NURF normally suppresses tumor cell antigenicity and its depletion improves CD8 T cell antitumor immunity. In a concurrent study using different tumor lines, BPTF was also found to suppress natural killer (NK) cell antitumor immunity in vivo. Enhanced NK cell cytolytic activity toward BPTF-depleted targets in vitro was dependent on the natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR). Molecular studies revealed that BPTF directly activates heparanase (Hpse) expression, resulting in reduced cell surface abundance of the NCR co-ligands: heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Thus, NURF represses NCR co-ligand abundance and its depletion enhances NK cell cytotoxicity. Therefore, NURF emerges as a candidate therapeutic target to enhance CD8 T or NK cell antitumor immunity.
Download or read book Monitoring Chromatin Remodelling in Fixed and Live Immune Cells Using Vibrational Spectroscopy and Microfluidics written by R. Morrish and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Advances of Epigenetics in Crop Biotechnology written by Clelia De-la-Peña and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-05-31 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics is a new field that explains gene expression at the chromatin structure and organization level. Three principal epigenetic mechanisms are known and hundreds of combinations among them can develop different phenotypic characteristics. DNA methylation, histone modifications and small RNAs have been identified, and their functions are being studied in order to understand the mechanisms of interaction and regulation among the different biological processes in plants. Although, fundamental epigenetic mechanisms in crop plants are beginning to be elucidated, the comprehension of the different epigenetic mechanisms, by which plant gene regulation and phenotype are modified, is a major topic to develop in the near future in order to increase crop productivity. Thus, the importance of epigenetics in improving crop productivity is undoubtedly growing. Current research on epigenetics suggest that DNA methylation, histone modifications and small RNAs are involved in almost every aspect of plant life including agronomically important traits such as flowering time, fruit development, responses to environmental factors, defense response and plant growth. The aim of this Research Topic is to explore the recent advances concerning the role of epigenetics in crop biotechnology, as well as to enhance and promote interactions among high quality researchers from different disciplines such as genetics, cell biology, pathology, microbiology, and evolutionary biology in order to join forces and decipher the epigenetic mechanisms in crop productivity.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Chromatin written by Jerry L. Workman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While there has been an increasing number of books on various aspects of epigenetics, there has been a gap over the years in books that provide a comprehensive understanding of the fundamentals of chromatin. Chromatin is the combination of DNA and proteins that make up the genetic material of chromosomes. Its primary function is to package DNA to fit into the cell, to strengthen the DNA to prevent damage, to allow mitosis and meiosis, and to control the expression of genes and DNA replication. The audience for this book is mainly newly established scientists and graduate students. Rather than going into the more specific areas of recent research on chromatin the chapters in this book give a strong, updated groundwork about the topic. Some the fundamentals that this book will cover include the structure of chromatin and biochemistry and the enzyme complexes that manage it.
Download or read book Epigenetic Contributions in Autoimmune Disease written by Esteban Ballestar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-08-23 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the relevance of epigenetic mechanisms in autoimmune disease. It provides new directions for future research in autoimmune disease.
Download or read book Epigenetics Methods written by Trygve Tollefsbol and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the field of epigenetics has grown significantly, driving new understanding of human developmental processes and disease expression, as well as advances in diagnostics and therapeutics. As the field of epigenetics continues to grow, methods and technologies have multiplied, resulting in a wide range of approaches and tools researchers might employ. Epigenetics Methods offers comprehensive instruction in methods, protocols, and experimental approaches applied in field of epigenetics. Here, across thirty-five chapters, specialists offer step-by-step overviews of methods used to study various epigenetic mechanisms, as employed in basic and translational research. Leading the reader from fundamental to more advanced methods, the book begins with thorough instruction in DNA methylation techniques and gene or locus-specific methylation analyses, followed by histone modification methods, chromatin evaluation, enzyme analyses of histone methylation, and studies of non-coding RNAs as epigenetic modulators. Recently developed techniques and technologies discussed include single-cell epigenomics, epigenetic editing, computational epigenetics, systems biology epigenetic methods, and forensic epigenetic approaches. Epigenetics methods currently in-development, and their implication for future research, are also considered in-depth. In addition, as with the wider life sciences, reproducibility across experiments, labs, and subdisciplines is a growing issue for epigenetics researchers. This volume provides consensus-driven methods instruction and overviews. Tollefsbol and contributing authors survey the range of existing methods; identify best practices, common themes, and challenges; and bring unity of approach to a diverse and ever-evolving field. Includes contributions by leading international investigators involved in epigenetic research and clinical and therapeutic application Integrates technology and translation with fundamental chapters on epigenetics methods, as well as chapters on more novel and advanced epigenetics methods Written at verbal and technical levels that can be understood by scientists and students alike Includes chapters on state-of-the-art techniques such as single-cell epigenomics, use of CRISPR/Cas9 for epigenetic editing, and epigenetics methods applied to forensics
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease
Download or read book Signaling Mechanisms Regulating T Cell Diversity and Function written by Jonathan Soboloff and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: T cells play a vital role mediating adaptive immunity, a specific acquired resistance to an infectious agent produced by the introduction of an antigen. There are a variety of T cell types with different functions. They are called T cells, because they are derived from the thymus gland. This volume discusses how T cells are regulated through the operation of signaling mechanisms. Topics covered include positive and negative selection, early events in T cell receptor engagement, and various T cell subsets.
Download or read book Trained Immunity based Vaccines written by Jose Luis Subiza and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Jose Luis Subiza is the founder and CEO of Inmunotek SL. The other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regard to the Research Topic subject.
