Download or read book Chloro organic Used as Flame Retardants written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1995 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chloro organic Used as Disinfectants written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1995 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chloro organic Used as Pigments written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1995 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame Retardant Chemicals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-07-06 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames from matches, cigarette lighters, and candles is one of the leading causes of residential-fire deaths in the United States. These fires accounted for about 16% of civilian fire deaths in 1996. On average, each year since 1990, about 90 deaths (primarily of children), 440 injuries, and property losses amounting to 50 million dollars have resulted from fires caused by the ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames. Certain commercial seating products (such as aircraft and bus seats) are subject to flammability standards and sometimes incorporate FR-treated upholstery cover materials, but there is no federal-government requirement for residential upholstered furniture, and it is generally not treated with FR chemicals. It is estimated that less than 0.2% of all U.S. residential upholstery fabric is treated with flame-retardant (FR) chemicals. The Consumer Product Safety Act of 1972 created the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as an independent federal regulatory agency whose mission is to protect the public from unreasonable risks of injury and death associated with consumer products. CPSC also administers the Flammable Fabrics Act, under which it regulates flammability hazards and the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA), which regulates hazardous substances including chemicals. In 1993, the National Association of State Fire Marshals petitioned CPSC to issue a performance-based flammability standard for upholstered furniture to reduce the risk of residential fires. The Commission granted that portion of the petition relating to small open flame ignition risks. In response to concerns regarding the safety of FR chemicals, Congress, in the fiscal year 1999 appropriations report for CPSC, requested that the National Research Council conduct an independent study of the health risks to consumers posed by exposure to FR chemicals that are likely to be used in residential upholstered furniture to meet a CPSC standard. The National Research Council assigned the project to the Committee on Toxicology (COT) of the Commission on Life Sciences' Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. COT convened the Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals, which prepared this report. Subcommittee members were chosen for their recognized expertise in toxicology, pharmacology, epidemiology, chemistry, exposure assessment, risk assessment, and biostatistics. Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals is organized into 18 chapters and two appendices. Chapter 2 describes the risk assessment process used by the subcommittee in determining the risk associated with potential exposure to the various FR chemicals. Chapter 3 describes the method the subcommittee used to measure and estimate the intensity, frequency, extent, and duration of human exposure to FR chemicals. Chapters 4-19 provide the subcommittee's review and assessment of health risks posed by exposure to each of the 16 FR chemicals. Data gaps and research needs are provided at the end of these chapters.
Download or read book Polymer Green Flame Retardants written by Constantine D. Papaspyrides and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 943 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer Green Flame Retardants covers key issues regarding the response of polymers during fire, the mechanisms of their flame retardation, the regulations imposed on their use, and the health hazards arising from their combustion. Presenting the latest research developments, the book focuses in particular on nanocomposites, believed to be the most promising approach for producing physically superior materials with low flammability and ecological impact. The fire properties of nanocomposites of various matrixes and fillers are discussed, the toxicological characteristics of these materials are analyzed, addressing also their environmental sustainability. Edited by distinguished scientists, including an array of international industry and academia experts, this book will appeal to chemical, mechanical, environmental, material and process engineers, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines, and generally to researchers developing commercially attractive and environmentally friendly fire-proof products. Provides recent findings on the manufacture of environmentally sustainable flame retardant polymeric materials Covers legislation and regulations concerning flame retarded polymeric material use Includes tables containing the fire properties of the most common polymeric materials
Download or read book Modern Polymer Flame Retardancy written by S.M. Lomakin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-01-06 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are obvious benefits in using flame-retardants, as many human lives and property are saved from fire. A large number of compounds have been identified as being used as flame-retardants. At present, knowledge of long-term effects resulting from exposure to flame retardants and their breakdown products is limited. The aim of this volume in the book series New Concepts in Polymer Science is to provide a general overview of the nature, mechanism of action, use and environmental hazards for a number of flame-retardants. This monograph (together with the book by the same authors, Ecological Aspects of Polymer Flame Retardancy (1999) will valuable to anyone interested in the field of flame-retardant chemicals.
Download or read book Flame Retardants written by Paulo B. Merlani and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flame retardants comprise a diverse group of chemicals which are widely used at relatively high concentrations in many applications, including the manufacture of electronic equipment, textiles, plastic polymers and in the car industry, primarily to protect materials against ignition and to prevent fire-related damage. More than 175 different types of flame retardants exist, which are commonly divided into four major groups: halogenated organic (usually brominated or chlorinated), inorganic, organophosphorus and nitrogen-containing flame retardants. Depending on the mode of action, flame retardants can act at any of the steps involved in the combustion process. Flame retardants are designed to prevent the spread of fire and have thereby helped to save many lives while also dramatically reducing the economic impact of fires. However, flame retardants, particularly the class known as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE's), may be contributing to the rising prevalence of developmental disabilities due to their widespread use and physiologically active properties including direct neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption. This new and important book gathers the latest research from around the globe in the study of flame retardants and their functions, properties and safety.
Download or read book The Non halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook written by Alexander B. Morgan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-stop, practical handbook containing all of the current commercial non-halogenated flame retardant technologies as well as experimental systems near commercialization In response to the emphasis on replacing halogenated flame retardants with alternate technologies, this handbook focuses on existing non-halogenated flame retardants and the experimental close-to-production systems that are available today. The Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook starts with an overview of the regulations and customer perceptions driving non-halogenated flame retardant selections over older halogenated technologies. It then moves on to cover the known major classes of non-halogenated flame retardants, before concluding with the current niche-performing technologies and untried commercial contenders of the future. The Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook: Takes a practical approach to addressing the narrow subject of non-halogenated flame retardancy—placing more emphasis on flame retardant selection for specific plastics, practical considerations in flame retardant material design, and the various technologies’ strengths and limits Focuses on the proper use of non-halogenated flame retardants, rather than the mechanics of how they work Discusses important future trends in flame retardancy Features sections written by industrial and chemical experts who know how to apply the technology to polymers for fire safety needs
Download or read book Ecological Aspects of Polymer Flame Retardancy written by Gennady Zaikov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-30 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the ecological aspects of polymer flame retardation. It deals with methods for estimating polymer flammability, the mode of action of modern flame retardants, and ecological concerns of the most used halogenated flame retardants.
Download or read book Reduction of Emissions from Ship Yards written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1996 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regionalisation of Erosion and Nitrate Losses from Agricultural Land in Nordic Countries written by Seppo Rekolainen and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1997 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On cover: Environment agriculture and forestry.
Download or read book Comparison of Predictive Models for Pesticide Operator Exposure written by Juhani Kangas and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1996 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yhteenveto. - Sammanfattning.
Download or read book Ozone Exposure Mapping in the Nordic Countries written by G. Lövblad and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1996 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Potency Evaluation of Contact Allergens written by Nordic Council Of Ministers Staff and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nordic environment strategy for agriculture and forestry 1996 1999 written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1996 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Riverine Input to Coastal Areas written by Nordic Council Of Ministers Staff and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1996 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chemistry and Uses of Fire Retardants written by John W. Lyons and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
