Download or read book Chlorine Production from Hydrogen Chloride Cost Analysis Chlorine E22A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2016-05-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of secondary Chlorine production from hydrogen chloride. The process examined is similar to the ThyssenKrupp Uhde hydrogen chloride electrolysis process. In this process, a hydrogen chloride solution in water is decomposed electrolytically in a diaphragm cell, producing Chlorine. Hydrogen is generated as by-product This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) Keywords: Secondary chlorine, hydrogen chloride waste treatment, HCl, cholrine recovery

Download or read book Chlorine Production from Hydrogen Chloride Cost Analysis Chlorine E23A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2016-05-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of secondary Chlorine production from hydrogen chloride. The process examined is similar to the Dupont hydrogen chloride dry electrolysis process. In this process, anhydrous hydrogen chloride is decomposed electrolytically in gaseous phase, producing Chlorine. Hydrogen is generated as by-product. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) Keywords: Secondary chlorine, hydrogen chloride waste treatment, HCl, cholrine recovery

Download or read book Chlorine Production from Hydrogen Chloride Cost Analysis Chlorine E24A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of secondary Chlorine production from hydrogen chloride. The process examined is similar to an early stage process for Chlorine production described on patents assigned to the University of Southern California. In this process, anhydrous hydrogen chloride is subjected to a two stage catalytic oxidation in reactors with fluidized, yielding gaseous Chlorine and water. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Secondary chlorine, hydrogen chloride waste treatment, HCl, cholrine recovery

Download or read book Chlorine Production from Hydrogen Chloride Cost Analysis Chlorine E21A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2016-05-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of secondary Chlorine production from hydrogen chloride. The process examined is similar to the Kel-Chlor process, proprietary technology based on the Deacon process. In this process, anhydrous hydrogen chloride is subjected to an oxidation reaction in the presence of catalysts producing Chlorine. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) Keywords: Secondary chlorine, hydrogen chloride waste treatment, HCl, cholrine recovery

Download or read book Hydrogen Chloride Production Cost Analysis HCl E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) production from hydrogen and chlorine. In this process, hydrogen and chlorine react in the gaseous phase in a plug flow reactor at elevated temperatures forming HCl. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Hydrogen Chloride, Direct Synthesis

Download or read book Hydrochloric Acid Production Cost Analysis HCl E22A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) production from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid. 'The process examined is based on the Mannheim process. In this process, sodium chloride reacts with sulfuric acid at elevated temperatures in a fluidized bed reactor, producing Hydrochloric Acid and sodium sulfate, a by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Hydrochloric Acid, Direct Synthesis

Download or read book Chlorine Dioxide via Hydrochloric Acid Process Cost Analysis Chlorine Dioxide E21A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Chlorine Dioxide production from chlorine. The process examined is a typical hydrochloric acid-based reduction process integrated with a sodium chlorate production process via electrolysis. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Chlorine Oxides and Chlorine Oxygen Acids", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Acid-Based Reduction, Electrolysis

Download or read book Chlorine Production from Sodium Chloride Cost Analysis Chlorine E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2016-03-01 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Chlorine production from sodium chloride. The process examined is a typical membrane process. In this process, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine) is decomposed electrolytically in a membrane cell, producing Chlorine. Caustic soda (50 wt%) and hydrogen are also generated as products. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) Handbook of Chlor-Alkali Technology, 2005; (2) "Chlorine", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Chlor-Alkali, Caustic Soda, NaOH

Download or read book Chlorine Production from Sodium Chloride Cost Analysis Chlorine E13A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Chlorine production from sodium chloride. The process examined is a typical mercury cell process. In this process, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine) is decomposed electrolytically in a mercury cell, producing Chlorine. Caustic soda (50 wt%) and hydrogen are also generated as products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) Handbook of Chlor-Alkali Technology, 2005 (2) "Chlorine", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Chlor-Alkali, Caustic Soda, NaOH

Download or read book Chlorine Production from Sodium Chloride Cost Analysis Chlorine E12A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Chlorine production from sodium chloride. The process examined is a typical diaphragm process. In this process, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine) is decomposed electrolytically in a diaphragm cell, producing Chlorine. Caustic soda (50 wt%) and hydrogen are also generated as products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Chlorine", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition (2) EP Patent 1427871, issued to Industrie De Nora in 2011 Keywords: Chlor-Alkali, Caustic Soda, NaOH

Download or read book Industrial Environmental Chemistry written by Donald T. Sawyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph consists of manuscripts submitted by invited speakers who participated in the symposium "Industrial Environmental Chemistry: Waste Minimization in Industrial Processes and Remediation of Hazardous Waste," held March 24-26, 1992, at Texas A&M University. This meeting was the tenth annual international symposium sponsored by the Texas A&M Industry-University Cooperative Chemistry Program (IUCCP). The program was developed by an academic-industrial steering committee consisting of the co-chairmen, Professors Donald T. Sawyer and Arthur E. Martell of the Texas A&M University Chemistry Department, and members appointed by the sponsoring companies: Bernie A. Allen, Jr., Dow Chemical USA; Kirk W. Brown, Texas A&M University; Abraham Clearfield, Texas A&M University; Greg Leyes, Monsanto Company; Jay Warner, Hoechst-Celanese Corporation; Paul M. Zakriski, BF Goodrich Company; and Emile A. Schweikert, Texas A&M University (IUCCP Coordinator). The subject of this conference reflects the interest that has developed in academic institutions and industry for technological solutions to environmental contamination by industrial wastes. Progress is most likely with strategies that minimize waste production from industrial processes. Clearly the key to the protection and preservation of the environment will be through R&D that optimizes chemical processes to minimize or eliminate waste streams. Eleven of the papers are directed to waste minimization. An additional ten papers discuss chemical and biological remediation strategies for hazardous wastes that contaminate soils, sludges, and water.

Download or read book EPA Office of Compliance Sector Notebook Project written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemistry of Peptide Synthesis written by N. Leo Benoiton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry of Peptide Synthesis is a complete overview of how peptides are synthesized and what techniques are likely to generate the most desirable reactions. Incorporating elements from the author's role of Career Investigator of the Medical Research Council of Canada and his extensive teaching career, the book emphasizes learning rather th

Download or read book Interventions for the Control of Non typhoidal Salmonella Spp in Beef and Pork written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Microbiological Risk Assessmen. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. are estimated to cause 93.8 million cases of acute gastroenteritis and 155,000 deaths globally each year, approximately 85% of which are estimated to be foodborne, establishing Salmonella as having a significant public health and economic impact on society. Pork products are among the top food-borne sources of Salmonella globally, while beef products have been implicated in several large outbreaks in recent years. Contamination of beef and pork with Salmonella can also have a negative impact on the agri-food and trade sectors due to costly recalls of products and by limiting market access. FAO and WHO have undertaken a systematic review of the available evidence on interventions to control Salmonella in beef and pork from primary production through processing. This information was then considered by an expert meeting which provided recommendations on efficacious interventions. This report presents the outcome of those deliberations as well as the review of studies on which the discussions were based, providing the reader with a wealth of up to date information on the currently available interventions for the control of Salmonella in beef and pork."--Publisher's description.

Download or read book Recent Improvements of Power Plants Management and Technology written by Aleksandar Nikolic and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since first AC current high-power hydropower plant was put in operation, built by Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse in 1895 on Niagara Falls, electrification of the world has dramatically changed. The growing power demand and energy consumption in the last decades require fundamental changes in the process, power production, and services. These requirements tend to use both conventional and nonconventional energy generation in order to have power plants economically useful and environmentally friendly to the society. The goal of this textbook is to provide an up-to-date review of this important topic with specific emphasis on the current guidelines for improving overall efficiency, lowering emissions, and using large share of renewable energy.

Download or read book New Horizons in Biotechnology written by S. Roussos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The practice of biotechnology, though different in style, scale and substance in globalizing science for development involves all countries. Investment in biotechnology in the industrialised, the developing, and the least developed countries, is now amongst the widely accepted avenues being used for economie development. The simple utilization of kefir technology, the detoxification of injurious chemical pesticides e.g. parathion, the genetic tailoring of new crops, and the production of a first of a kind of biopharmaceuticals illustrate the global scope and content of biotechnology research endeavour and effort. In the developing and least developed nations, and in which the 9 most populous countries· are encountered, problems concerning management of the environment, food security, conservation of human health resources and capacity building are important factors that influence the path to sustainable development. Long-term use of biotechnology in the agricultural, food, energy and health sectors is expected to yield a windfall of economic, environmental and social benefits. Already the prototypes of new medicines and of prescription fruit vaccines are available. Gene based agriculture and medieine is increasingly being adopted and accepted. Emerging trends and practices are reflected in the designing of more efficient bioprocesses, and in new research in enzyme and fermentation technology, in the bioconversion of agro industrial residues into bio-utility products, in animal healthcare, and in the bioremediation and medical biotechnologies. Indeed, with each new day, new horizons in biotechnology beckon.

Download or read book Handbook of Biofuels Production written by Rafael Luque and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-05-19 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Biofuels Production, Second Edition, discusses advanced chemical, biochemical, and thermochemical biofuels production routes that are fast being developed to address the global increase in energy usage. Research and development in this field is aimed at improving the quality and environmental impact of biofuels production, as well as the overall efficiency and output of biofuels production plants. The book provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the range of biomass conversion processes and technology. Key changes for this second edition include increased coverage of emerging feedstocks, including microalgae, more emphasis on by-product valorization for biofuels’ production, additional chapters on emerging biofuel production methods, and discussion of the emissions associated with biofuel use in engines. The editorial team is strengthened by the addition of two extra members, and a number of new contributors have been invited to work with authors from the first edition to revise existing chapters, thus offering fresh perspectives. Provides systematic and detailed coverage of the processes and technologies being used for biofuel production Discusses advanced chemical, biochemical, and thermochemical biofuels production routes that are fast being developed to address the global increase in energy usage Reviews the production of both first and second generation biofuels Addresses integrated biofuel production in biorefineries and the use of waste materials as feedstocks