Download or read book Chlorine in Coal Combustion written by Theresa L. Iapalucci and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chlorine in Coal Combustion and Cofiring written by Robert M. Davidson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chlorine in Coal Combustion written by Theresa L. Iapalucci and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chlorine and Other Halogens in Coal written by Robert M. Davidson and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chlorine in Illinois Coal Classic Reprint written by Harold Jay Gluskoter and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2016-11-19 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Chlorine in Illinois Coal Each of the four classes was then subdivided into, respectively, two, four, six, and eleven subclasses. In general, the higher the chlorine content, the greater is the possibility of corrosion. No coal containing over percent chlorine was classified A free from corrosion. As the sulfur content increases, the risk of deposits and corrosion also increases. However, as the ash content increases, the possibility of problems with the coal decreases (crossley, 1963) He suggested that this scheme could be used to give valuable information concerning individual coals, to rate coal blends, and to suggest the best combination of any two or more 'coals to be utilized in a single boiler plant. In addition to the blending of coals to minimize deposit formation and asso ciated corrosion, it may be possible to remove some of the deleterious constituents from the coal prior to firing. One instance of a marked decrease in total alkalies, following a two year period of storage, has been reported for a central Illinois coal (michel and Wilcoxson, 1955) A current study of the weathering of a central Illi nois coal over an 84.week period also shows this decrease in chlorine. The coal was crushed and sized to inch by 10 mesh and was left exposed out-of-doors with only a mesh screen over it to prevent contamination. The chlorine content decreased by one-half within an 8 week period and leveled off at approximately 36 percent of the original chlorine value after 24 weeks (john A. 'harrison, personal communication It is also possible to reduce the alkali chloride content of coal by washing. How ever, the amount that may be removed in this manner is probably small and may not be sufficient to alleviate specific problems. The amount that can be removed is dependent on the size consist of the coal being washed, composition of the wash water, original alkali chloride content of the coal, and duration of washing. Whether or not such a procedure is practical must be determined for each coal. Other methods for preventing or minimizing these deposits are. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book High Temperature Chlorine Corrosion during Co Utilisation of Coal with Biomass or Waste written by Xiaoyang Gaus-Liu and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Behavior of Chlorine During Coal Combustion in AFBC Systems written by Wei-Ping Pan and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chlorine in Coal written by John Stringer and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1991 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Illinois basin coals have a chlorine content which varies from 0.1% to values in excess of 0.5%. The mean chlorine content of the coal being mined is steadily rising. Customers are already expressing some unease and contracts limiting the chlorine content of coal have been reported. This has potentially significant implications for the industry. The object of this Conference was to attempt to quantify the impact of coal chlorine content on a variety of coal-using technologies, and to identify new research which is necessary to allow a rational definition of the limits of chlorine content required for each technology. The distribution of chlorine in the Illinois Basin coals was considered, and the current state of knowledge of the forms in which the chlorine is present in the coal was reviewed. The release of the chlorine from the coal during its processing, and the forms in which it is present in the products was examined. This information permits an assessment of the viability of methods of removing chlorine, either in coal preparation or from the post-processing products.The effect of chlorine on the coal conversion and combustion processes, and on the balance of the plant was reviewed. The most important effects are on the corrosion of construction materials at both high and low temperatures. These proceedings should be of interest to power plant, corrosion, and chemical engineers, and to coal cleaning technologists and researchers.

Download or read book Effects of Coal bound Chlorine on Furnace wall Corrosion Under Low NOx Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Behavior of Sulfur and Chlorine in Coal During Combustion and Boiler Corrosion written by C.-L. Chou and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Behavior of Sulfur and Chlorine in Coal During Combustion and Boiler Corrosion written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this project is to conduct laboratory experiments to clarify the mechanism of boiler corrosion, which may lead to solving the corrosion problem associated with the utilization of Illinois' high-sulfur and high-chlorine coal. The kinetics of the release of sulfur and chlorine species during coal combustion is being determined in the laboratories using temperature-programmed pyrolysis coupled with quadrupole gas analysis (QGA) and thermogravimetric analysis in conjunction with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Samples of boiler deposits and ashes from different locations in boilers using Illinois coal will be analyzed for mineralogical and chemical compositions to understand the relations among deposit compositions, coal compositions, and the gaseous species in combustion gases. The relationship between the level of chlorine in Illinois coal and boiler corrosion will be studied by experiments with simulated combustion gases under combustion conditions. Reduction of sulfur and chloride concentrations in the flue gas using additives will also be evaluated.

Download or read book Chlorine Emission from Coal Combustion Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorine, other halogens and their compounds are present in the natural environment as components of many minerals in rocks and soils, and in sea water. They are generally among the nutritional requirements of most animals and many plants, but excessive doses can be toxic.^L^LThe principle source of halogens from human activities is combustion, mainly of fossil fuels in power stations and industry. The fuel type, combustion conditions and pollution control equipment can affect the amounts of each halogen released. Chlorine is basically released from coal combustion systems in the form of acidic gases (mostly HCl), which cause problems at the source (corrosion) and in the environment. Global values of HCl emissions from fossil fuel combustion and waste incineration account for more than 3 Mt HCl a year. It is estimated that an 800 MW power plant burning a coal containing 0.2% Cl produces approximately 4560 t of HCl a year.^L^LAfter SO2 and NOx, HCl emissions are the major contribution to atmospheric acidity. In western Europe, HCl contributes up to 2% of the total potential acidity. Although this value seems low compared with 68% from SO2 and 30% from NOx, the high solubility of HCl causes the immediate uptake of acidic hydrogen ions in rain droplets. The less reactive SO2 and NOx require from a few hours to several days to form sulfuric and nitric acids respectively. Therefore, in the vicinity of emission sources, it is very likely that HCl is a significant contributor to acidity.^L^LIn this review, the behaviour of chlorine in combustion systems and its influence on gaseous emissions and combustion efficiency are discussed.

Download or read book Determination of Chlorine in Coal by the High Temperature Combustion Method written by International Organization for Standardization and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Behavior of Sulfur and Chlorine in Coal During Combustion and Boiler Corrosion Technical Report December 1 1992 February 28 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goals of this project is to investigate the behavior of sulfur and chlorine during pyrolysis and combustion of Illinois coals, the chemistry of boiler deposits and the process of ash formation, and remedial measures to reduce the sulfur and chlorine compounds in combustion gases. The chemistry of boiler deposits provides information about the behavior of sulfur, chlorine, and ash particles during coal combustion. We report results obtained during this quarter on mineralogical and chemical compositions of twelve samples of boiler deposits collected from superheater and reheater tubes of an Illinois power plant. Scanning electron microscopy shows microscopic calcium sulfate droplets on cenospheres. There is a considerable variation of chemical composition among the samples. While eight out of twelve samples consist predominantly of quartz, mullite, and glass; the remaining four contain an appreciable amount additional phases (calcium sulfate and alkali iron sulfate) . The chlorine content in the samples is determined by neutron activation analysis. one sample contains 37 ppM chlorine, and the chlorine concentration is below the detection limit in other eleven samples (

Download or read book The Effect of Chlorine in Coal on Combustion Ash Characteristics and Metal Corrosion written by William A. Sowa and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study of the Behavior of Chlorine and Sulfur from Coal During Combustion in an AFBC System written by Weilan Pan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of the Impact of Chlorine on Mercury Oxidation in a Pilot scale Coal Combustor the Effect of Coal Blending written by Shannon D. Serre and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Coal-fired power plants are a major source of mercury (Hg) released into the environment and the utility industry is currently investigating options to reduce Hg emissions. One control option is to utilize existing pollution control equipment such as wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubbers. The split (speciation) between chemical forms of mercury (Hg) species has a strong influence on the control and environmental fate of Hg emissions from coal combustion. The high-temperature coal combustion process releases Hg in elemental form (Hg0). A significant fraction of the Hg0 can be subsequently oxidized in the low-temperature, post-combustion environment of a coal-fired boiler. Relative to Hg0, oxidized Hg (Hg2+) is more effectively removed by air pollution control systems (APCS). For example, the water-soluble Hg2+ is much more easily captured than insoluble Hg0 in FGD units. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology widely applied for reducing NOX emissions from power plants also affects the speciation of Hg in the coal combustion flue gases. Recent full-scale field tests conducted in the U.S. showed increases in Hg oxidation across the SCR catalysts for plants firing bituminous coals with sulfur (S) content ranging from 1.0 to 3.9%. However, plants firing subbituminous Powder River Basin (PRB) coals which contains significantly lower chlorine (Cl) and sulfur (S) content and higher calcium (Ca) content than those of the bituminous coals, showed very little change in mercury speciation across the SCR reactors. A field study conducted by EPRI showed blending of PRB coal with a bituminous coal (60% PRB/40% bituminous) resulted in increased Hg2+ from 45% at the SCR inlet to 93% at the outlet. Coal blending appears to be a potentially cost effective approach for increasing Hg oxidation for PRB coal-fired SCR systems."--Abstract.