Download or read book Chloride Channels and Carriers in Nerve Muscle and Glial Cells written by F.J. Alvarez-Leefmans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book about how Cl- crosses the cell membranes of nerve, muscle, and glial cells. Not so very many years ago, a pamphlet rather than book might have resulted from such an endeavor! One might ask why Cl-, the most abundant biological anion, attracted so little attention from investigators. The main reason was that the prevailing paradigm for cellular ion homeostasis in the 1950s and 1960s assigned Cl- a ther modynamically passive and unspecialized role. This view was particularly prominent among muscle and neuroscience investigators. In searching for reasons for such a negative (no pun intended) viewpoint, it seems to us that it stemmed from two key experimental observations. First, work on frog skeletal muscle showed that Cl- was passively distributed between the cytoplasm and the extracellular fluid. Second, work on Cl- transport in red blood cells confirmed that the Cl- transmembrane distribution was thermodynamically passive and, in addition, showed that Cl- crossed the mem brane extremely rapidly. This latter finding [for a long time interpreted as being the result of a high passive chloride electrical permeability(? CI)] made it quite likely that Cl- would remain at thermodynamic equilibrium. These two observations were gener alized and virtually all cells were thought to have a very high P Cl and a ther modynamically passive Cl- transmembrane distribution. These concepts can still be found in some physiology and neuroscience textbooks.
Download or read book Physiology and Pathology of Chloride Transporters and Channels in the Nervous System written by F. Javier Alvarez-Leefmans and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-08-22 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of chloride ions in cell physiology has not been fully recognized until recently, in spite of the fact that chloride (Cl-), together with bicarbonate, is the most abundant free anion in animal cells, and performs or determines fundamental biological functions in all tissues. For many years it was thought that Cl- was distributed in thermodynamic equilibrium across the plasma membrane of most cells. Research carried out during the last couple of decades has led to a dramatic change in this simplistic view. We now know that most animal cells, neurons included, exhibit a non-equilibrium distribution of Cl- across their plasma membranes. Over the last 10 to 15 years, with the growth of molecular biology and the advent of new optical methods, an enormous amount of exciting new information has become available on the molecular structure and function of Cl- channels and carriers. In nerve cells, Cl- channels and carriers play key functional roles in GABA- and glycine-mediated synaptic inhibition, neuronal growth and development, extracellular potassium scavenging, sensory-transduction, neurotransmitter uptake and cell volume control. Disruption of Cl- homeostasis in neurons underlies pathological conditions such as epilepsy, deafness, imbalance, brain edema and ischemia, pain and neurogenic inflammation. This book is about how chloride ions are regulated and how they cross the plasma membrane of neurons. It spans from molecular structure and function of carriers and channels involved in Cl- transport to their role in various diseases. The first comprehensive book on the structure, molecular biology, cell physiology, and role in diseases of chloride transporters / channels in the nervous system in almost 20 years Chloride is the most abundant free anion in animal cells. THis book summarizes and integrates for the first time the important research of the past two decades that has shown that Cl- channels and carriers play key functional roles in GABA- and glycine-mediated synaptic inhibition, neuronal growth and development, extracellular potassium scavenging, sensory-transduction, neurotransmitter uptake and cell volume control The first book that systematically discusses the result of disruption of Cl- homeostasis in neurons which underlies pathological conditions such as epilepsy, deafness, imbalance, brain edema and ischemia, pain and neurogenic inflammation Spanning topics from molecular structure and function of carriers and channels involved in Cl- transport to their role in various diseases Involves all of the leading researchers in the field Includes an extensive introductory section that covers basic thermodynamic and kinetics aspects of Cl- transport, as well as current methods for studying Cl- regulation, spanning from fluorescent dyes in single cells to knock-out models to make the book available for a growing population of graduate students and postdocs entering the field
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neuroglia written by Helmut Kettenmann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-09-30 with total page 1103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroglia is the only comprehensive reference book on the basic biology and function of glial cells. This long-awaited second edition has been completely reorganized and rewritten to include the dramatic advances in this field since the first edition was published ten years ago. The impact of the second edition will be greater than that of the first because the majority of neuroscientists now acknowledge that neuroglia are elemental to most, if not all, brain functions. The second edition covers the entire field of glial research from the basic molecular and cellular principles of these cells to their involvement in neurological diseases including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. It includes new chapters on transmitter release from exocytosis from glia, glia derived stem cells, glia and synaptic transmission, glia and axon guidance, an entirely new section on mechanisms of glial injury, and several new chapters on the roles of glia in different diseases. The new edition was written with both students and experts in mind. It provides a basic introduction to the entire range of glial topics and detailed information with critical assessment of the research literature. Neuroscience textbooks focus on the properties of neurons, whereas this book fills the information void about the brain's other cells. Neuroglia, Second Edition, is an essential reference source for newcomers, including graduate students, to neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, neurophysiology, and molecular neurobiology. It is also a vital companion for established researchers in these fields as well as clinicians in neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry, neuropathology, and neuro-oncology.
Download or read book Chloride Channels written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1994-09-15 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The amount of new information on the molecular biology of chloride channels has grown tremendously in recent years. This large amount of information gives some unique and, in some instances, surprising insights into the function and structure of chloride channels which are present in every cell. This volume contains a series of in-depth reviews of chloride channel physiology, biophysics, and molecular biology. The reviews cover chloride channels found in the plasma membrane as well as in organelles of both plant and animal cells.Key Features* Discusses CFTR, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator, which is responsible for CF and the CIC-family of chloride channels responsible for myotonia congenita* In-depth reviews of chloride channel physiology, biophysics, and molecular biology* Reviews chloride channels found in the plasma membrane and in organelles of both plant and animal cells
Download or read book Cell Physiology Source Book written by Nick Sperelakis and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-01-11 with total page 998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Physiology Source Book gathers together a broad range of ideas and topics that define the field. It provides clear, concise, and comprehensive coverage of all aspects of cellular physiology from fundamental concepts to more advanced topics. The 4e contains substantial new material. Most chapters have been thoroughly reworked. The book includes chapters on important topics such as sensory transduction, the physiology of protozoa and bacteria, and synaptic transmission. Authored by leading researchers in the field Clear, concise, and comprehensive coverage of all aspects of cellular physiology, from fundamental concepts to more advanced topics Full color illustrations
Download or read book Cell Physiology Source Book written by Nicholas Sperelakis and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-11-29 with total page 997 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Physiology Source Book gathers together a broad range of ideas and topics that define the field. It provides clear, concise, and comprehensive coverage of all aspects of cellular physiology from fundamental concepts to more advanced topics. The 4e contains substantial new material. Most chapters have been thoroughly reworked. The book includes chapters on important topics such as sensory transduction, the physiology of protozoa and bacteria, and synaptic transmission. - Authored by leading researchers in the field - Clear, concise, and comprehensive coverage of all aspects of cellular physiology, from fundamental concepts to more advanced topics - Full color illustrations
Download or read book Presynaptic Inhibition and Neural Control written by Pablo Rudomin and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a timely review of the mechanisms underlying the presynaptic control of synaptic transmission and the role they play in sensory and motor behavior. Early chapters offer a detailed account of the anatomy, biophysics, and physiology of synaptic transmission at the peripheral and central synapses, focusing on the presynaptic control of transmitter release. Later chapters explore the organization of neural pathways leading to the presynaptic inhibition of transmitter release in segmental reflex pathways. A final section provides examples of the operation of presynaptic control mechanisms during specific sensory and motor functions in mammals, including humans. Integrating synaptic transmission and CNS functions at the systems level, this volume will be of particular interest to researchers studying both areas.
Download or read book Astrocytes in Patho Physiology of the Nervous System written by Vladimir Parpura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-11 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrocytes were the original neuroglia that Ramón y Cajal visualized in 1913 using a gold sublimate stain. This stain targeted intermediate filaments that we now know consist mainly of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a protein used today as an astrocytic marker. Cajal described the morphological diversity of these cells with some ast- cytes surrounding neurons, while the others are intimately associated with vasculature. We start the book by discussing the heterogeneity of astrocytes using contemporary tools and by calling into question the assumption by classical neuroscience that neurons and glia are derived from distinct pools of progenitor cells. Astrocytes have long been neglected as active participants in intercellular communication and information processing in the central nervous system, in part due to their lack of electrical excitability. The follow up chapters review the “nuts and bolts” of ast- cytic physiology; astrocytes possess a diverse assortment of ion channels, neu- transmitter receptors, and transport mechanisms that enable the astrocytes to respond to many of the same signals that act on neurons. Since astrocytes can detect chemical transmitters that are released from neurons and can release their own extracellular signals there is an increasing awareness that they play physiological roles in regulating neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. In addition to these physiological roles, it is becoming increasingly recognized that astrocytes play critical roles during pathophysiological states of the nervous system; these states include gliomas, Alexander disease, and epilepsy to mention a few.
Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Physiology of Neurons written by Gordon L. Fain and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of what we now know--and what we want to know and can reasonably expect to discover in the near future--about the functioning of the brain at the level of molecules and cells. It takes readers from the fundamentals to the most sophisticated concepts and latest discoveries --from membrane potentials to recent experiments on voltage-gated ion channels, from descriptions of receptors, G proteins, effector molecules, and secondary messengers to an account of our current understanding of long-term potentiation.
Download or read book Calcium Activated Chloride Channels written by Catherine Mary Fuller and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2002-09-19 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume draws together studies on the diverse group of calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCS) in one comprehensive format. The characteristics of CaCCs identified in a number of different systems are described by experts in the field. Channels discussed include those described in cardiac, neuronal, endothelial and epithelial systems, in addition to sections on the CaCC of Xenopus Oocytes and the newly identified family of CLCA proteins. Key Features * Includes description of CaCCs in excitable and non-excitable tissues * Reviews identification and cloning of the CLCA protein family * Contains section on CaCCs in Xenopus Oocytes
Download or read book Signal Transduction and Smooth Muscle written by Mohamed Trebak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All hollow organs, such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, airways, male and female reproductive systems, and the urinary bladder are primarily composed of smooth muscle. Such organs regulate flow, propulsion and mixing of luminal contents and storage by the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle cells respond to numerous inputs, including pressure, shear stress, intrinsic and extrinsic innervation, hormones and other circulating molecules, as well as autocrine and paracrine factors. This book is a review of smooth muscle cell regulation in the cardiovascular, reproductive, GI, and other organ systems with emphasis on calcium and receptor signaling. Key selling features: Focuses on smooth muscles of different types Describes ion channel signaling mechanisms Reviews calcium and receptor signaling Includes novel, cutting-edge methodologies Summarizes studies of mice with genetically encoding sensors in smooth muscle Chapter 9 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
Download or read book Handbook of Membrane Channels written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides a thorough account of recent directions in membrane channel research. Each subject is covered in terms of channel biophysics, pharmacology, and molecular biology. The introductory chapter reviews methodologies of molecular biology currently used for studying molecular structure and function of membrane channels and specific domains in channel proteins.
Download or read book Chloride Movements Across Cellular Membranes written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All living cells are surrounded by a lipidic membrane that isolates them from the often harsh environment. However, to take up nutrients, to excrete waste, and to communicate among each other, Nature has invented an incredibly diverse set of transmembrane transport proteins. Specialized transporters exist to shuttle electrically charged ions, positive cations like sodium or negative anions like chloride, across the membrane. In the recent years, tremendous progress has been made in the field of chloride transport. The present book presents the state of the art of this rapidly expanding and interest-gaining field of membrane transport. It is addressed at a broad medically, physiologically, biologically, and biophysically interested readership. - Describes the state-of-the-art in anion transport research - Written by leaders in the field - Presents a timely discussion of this rapidly emerging and expanding field
Download or read book Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology written by Alexei Verkhratsky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology provides a comprehensive, advanced text on the biology and pathology of glial cells. Coverae includes: the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous systems the cellular physiology of the different kinds of glial cells the mechanisms of intra- and inter-cellular signalling in glial networks the mechanisms of glial-neuronal communications the role of glial cells in synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival and development of nervous system the cellular and molecular mechanisms of metabolic neuronal-glial interactions the role of glia in nervous system pathology, including pathology of glial cells and associated diseases - for example, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Alexander disease and Parkinson's Neuroglia oversee the birth and development of neurones, the establishment of interneuronal connections (the 'connectome'), the maintenance and removal of these inter-neuronal connections, writing of the nervous system components, adult neurogenesis, the energetics of nervous tissue, metabolism of neurotransmitters, regulation of ion composition of the interstitial space and many, many more homeostatic functions. This book primes the reader towards the notion that nervous tissue is not divided into more important and less important cells. The nervous tissue functions because of the coherent and concerted action of many different cell types, each contributing to an ultimate output. This reaches its zenith in humans, with the creation of thoughts, underlying acquisition of knowledge, its analysis and synthesis, and contemplating the Universe and our place in it. An up-to-date and fully referenced text on the most numerous cells in the human brain Detailed coverage of the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous system Describes the role og glial cells in neuropathology Focus boxes highlight key points and summarise important facts Companion website with downloadable figures and slides
Download or read book Cell Physiology Sourcebook written by Nicholas Sperelakis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-05-15 with total page 1262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This completely revised and updated source book provides comprehensive and authoritative coverage of cell physiology and membrane biophysics. Intended primarily as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and as a reference for researchers, this multidisciplinary book includes several new chapters and is an invaluable aid to scientists interested in cell physiology, biophysics, cell biology, electrophysiology, and cell signaling.* Includes broad coverage of both animal and plant cells * Appendices review basics of the propagation of action potentials, electricity, and cable properties
Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Insights to Ion Channel Biology written by Robert A. Maue and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Contains fresh perspectives and up-to-date view points from international experts Illustrates the diverse array of techniques applied to ion channel research Represents a valuable resource to both the beginner and expert researcher, with over 2500 references and more than 100 figures and tables.
