Download or read book Chinese Middle Constructions written by Jiajuan Xiong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book defines Chinese middle constructions as generic constructions, with their highest syntactically saturated argument always understood as an arbitrary one. This working definition sets “middle construction” apart from “middle voice” in that it can be instantiated by various constructions in Chinese. By scrutinizing these constructions in the framework of Generative Syntax, the book concludes that their formation takes place at the lexical level, without resorting to any syntactic mechanisms and thus that Chinese falls into the category of “lexical middle languages”, which are in contrast to “syntactic middle languages”.
Download or read book Chinese Middle Cosntructions I E Constructions written by Jiajuan Xiong and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Chinese Middle Cosntructions [i.e. Constructions]: Lexical Middle Formation" by Jiajuan, Xiong, 熊佳娟, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: This dissertation is an exploration of Chinese middle constructions, which starts with distinguishing the middle construction from the middle voice, considering that these two terms have long been used interchangeably with different connotations. Consequently, middle data presented in the literature vary tremendously, both intra-linguistically and inter-linguistically. In order to delineate a clear boundary for the middle construction, this study defines it as a generic semantic category with the obligatory non-realization of a verb's highest argument. By contrast, the middle voice is a morphological category with various syntactic and semantic features. Starting from the working definition arrived at, the study identifies several middle constructions, viz., the qilai middle, the hao middle, the rongyi/nan middle, the de middle (and the te middles in Chengdu Chinese), the bu middle and transitive middles. Most of these middle constructions come with middle markers, though these are both morphologically and syntactically diversified. In the case of transitive middles, middle formation depends on an idiosyncratic argument realization of a small group of verbs and does not include markers. In this sense, the presence of middle markers is not a design feature of Chinese middles. Moreover, the occurrence of the identified middle markers does not necessarily lead to a middle analysis, because they can also mark other constructions, e.g., the qilai unaccusative construction, the rongyi/nan tough construction, and the de-resultative unaccusative construction. Syntax-wise, Chinese middles can have both complex predicates (e.g., [V-qilai AP] and [rongyi/nan V]) and simple predicates (e.g., hao-V, V-de-A, V-bu-A, V-te-A, V-te), both of which are proved to be unergative in nature. Consequently, these middle constructions are collectively termed "unergative middles," which stand in contrast with "transitive middles" in terms of transitivity. However, "unergative middles" and "transitive middles" share one property: they do not involve any movement mechanisms. Therefore, both of them are subsumed under the rubric of "lexical middles," which in addition exhibit the cross-linguistic lexical middle properties proposed by both Marelj (2004) and Lekakou (2005). This study is the first to adopt a parametric approach to Chinese middle constructions. It adds Chinese to languages like English, Dutch and German on the list of lexical middle languages, to be distinguished from syntactic middle languages like French, Italian, Portuguese, and Serbian/Croatian. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5016248 Subjects: Chinese language - Syntax Chinese language - Voice Chinese language - Semantics Chinese language - Verb
Download or read book Chinese Middle Constructions written by 熊佳娟 and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Patient Subject Constructions in Mandarin Chinese written by Xiaoling He and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a distinctive syntactic structure in Mandarin Chinese, the Patient-Subject Construction (PSC) is one of the most interesting but least well-understood structures in the language. This book offers a comprehensive account of the history, structure, meaning and use of the PSC. Unlike previous descriptions which were framed in terms of pre-existing grammatical notions such as ‘topicalization’, ‘passivization’ and ‘ergativization’, this book offers a fresh look at the PSC, in which its syntactic and semantic as well as its discourse functions are examined within the system of major construction-types of the language as a whole. The PSC, being low in transitivity, serves primarily the function of backgrounding in discourse. Typologically, the PSC bears a resemblance to middle constructions in Indo-European and other languages, raising interesting questions about ways to understand congruent and divergent syntactic structures across the world’s languages. This book will be of interest to students of Chinese Linguistics as well as Language Typology.
Download or read book Chinese Middle Constructions written by Yuan Tao and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Mandarin Chinese Middle Construction written by Yang Ku and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chinese Middle Cosntructions i e Constructions written by Jiajuan Xiong (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Establishment of Modern Chinese Grammar written by Yuzhi Shi and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates historical motivations for the emergence of the resultative construction in Chinese from the following four aspects: (a) disyllabification, (b)adjacent context, (c) semantic integrity, and (d) frequency of co-occurence of a pair of verb and resultative. The author also addresses a series of grammatical changes and innovations caused by the formation of this resultative construction, such as the development of aspect, mood, verb reduplication, the new predicate structure, the disposal construction, the passive construction, the verb copying construction, and the new topicalization construction, all of which together shape the grammatical system of Modern Chinese. The present analysis raises and discusses a number of theoretical issues that are meaningful to various linguistic disciplines like pragmatics, discourse analysis, grammaticalization, and general historical linguistics.
Download or read book Classifier Structures in Mandarin Chinese written by Niina Ning Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2013-05-28 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Classifier Structure in Mandarin Chinese, Niina Ning Zhang proposes a new approach to the count-mass contrast, and the properties and functions of classifiers when they occur with numerals, with various quantifiers, in compounds, and in reduplicative forms. The new approach makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the existence of classifiers in numeral classifier languages. The investigation also uncovers that certain non-classifier languages lack only one type of classifiers, whereas other non-classifier languages may lack other types of classifiers.
Download or read book Ba and Bei Constructions in Chinese written by Suree Choonharuangdej and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Development of Chinese Pivotal Construction written by Rui Peng and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Creating a Chinese Harbin written by James H. Carter and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-30 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: James H. Carter outlines the birth of Chinese nationalism in an unlikely setting: the international city of Harbin. Planned and built by Russian railway engineers, the city rose quickly from the Manchurian plain, changing from a small fishing village to a modern city in less than a generation. Russian, Chinese, Korean, Polish, Jewish, French, and British residents filled this multiethnic city on the Sungari River. The Chinese took over Harbin after the October Revolution and ruled it from 1918 until the Japanese founded the puppet state of Manchukuo in 1932. In his account of the radical changes that this unique city experienced over a brief span of time, Carter examines the majority Chinese population and its developing Chinese identity in an urban area of fifty languages. Originally, Carter argues, its nascent nationalism defined itself against the foreign presence in the city—while using foreign resources to modernize the area. Early versions of Chinese nationalism embraced both nation and state. By the late 1920s, the two strands had separated to such an extent that Chinese police fired on Chinese student protesters. This division eased the way for Japanese occupation: the Chinese state structure proved a fruitful source of administrative collaboration for the area's new rulers in the 1930s.
Download or read book The Formation of the Resultative Construction and Its Effects on the Establishment of Modern Chinese Grammar written by Yuzhi Shi and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Middle Imperial China 900 1350 written by Linda Walton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this highly readable and engaging work, Linda Walton presents a dynamic survey of China's history from the tenth through the mid-fourteenth centuries from the founding of the Song dynasty through the Mongol conquest when Song China became part of the Mongol Empire and Marco Polo made his famous journey to the court of the Great Khan. Adopting a thematic approach, she highlights the political, social, economic, intellectual, and cultural changes and continuities of the period often conceptualized as 'Middle Imperial China'. Particular emphasis is given to themes that inform scholarship on world history: religion, the state, the dynamics of empire, the transmission of knowledge, the formation of political elites, gender, and the family. Consistent coverage of peoples beyond the borders – Khitan, Tangut, Jurchen, and Mongol, among others – provides a broader East Asian context and introduces a more nuanced, integrated representation of China's past.
Download or read book The middle kingdom a survey of the Chinese empire and its inhabitants written by Samuel Wells Williams and published by . This book was released on 1883 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Diachronic Development of Passive Constructions from Archaic Chinese to Modern Mandarin written by Yin Li and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, I study the diachronic development of passive construction from Archaic Chinese to Modern Mandarin. I classify the passive forms into two major groups: 1) the monoclausal passive. 2) the biclausal passive. I propose that the monoclausal passive is similar to English-type passive constructions in that they involve a defective passive light verb. This type of passive can be traced back to the JIAN passive in Archaic Chinese. The Middle Chinese agentless BEI passive and Modern Mandarin short passive have the same structure as the JIAN passive. These three constructions can be viewed as three manifestations of a same recurring pattern. The biclausal passive developed from the Archaic Chinese WEI construction, which I analyze as a copula construction. The WEI construction was later reanalyzed as the WEI...SUO passive in Middle Chinese. I propose that the WEI...SUO passive has the same structure as the Modern Mandarin long passive. I propose that the dichotomy of Mandarin Chinese passive constructions can be naturally traced back to their Archaic Chinese sources. Their distinct sources and diachronic developments endowed them with different syntactic properties. They developed independently along two distinct lines. These two distinct lines of development, however, are shown to be governed by the same principles in Minimalist Syntax.
Download or read book Economic Development and Reform Deepening in China written by Jiagui Chen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, together with Macro-control and Economic Development in China is a collection of papers written in recent years about maintaining economic growth, managing inflation, the relationship between growth and structural adjustment, control of price growth, maintaining stable economic development, and other relevant aspects of macro-control, economic development, and deepening reform. Chinese government adopts many of the recommendations put forward by the book.
