Download or read book China Russia Nuclear Industry Cooperation written by Daniel Shats and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In May 2021, Russian president Vladimir Putin and Chinese president Xi Jinping presided over a groundbreaking ceremony for their countries' biggest joint nuclear energy project to date: the construction of four new nuclear reactors in China's Jiangsu and Liaoning Provinces. The 20 billion renminbi (RMB) ($2.81 billion USD) construction project is part of a package of strategic cooperation agreements signed by Russia and China in 2018. More generally, it is a manifestation of growing China-Russia cooperation in the nuclear field since the 1990s, which has accelerated in recent years due to both countries' ambitious nuclear energy goals and increasingly close relationship. The two countries are natural partners in this sector. Russia, a historic pioneer in the field of nuclear energy, is today the world's top exporter of nuclear reactors and holds the record for the greatest number of nuclear reactors under construction simultaneously. Its history of providing China with nuclear technology and expertise dates back to the 1950s, when the Soviet Union sold China its first nuclear reactor. China is rapidly expanding its domestic nuclear capacity as part of an effort to reduce its dependence on coal power, which has caused severe pollution and made China the world's largest carbon dioxide emitter. Furthermore, as Russia becomes increasingly isolated in the world due to its 2014 annexation of Crimea and 2022 invasion of Ukraine, it has grown more reliant on China to prop up its economy - and its energy sector, in particular. Nuclear energy, while making up a smaller share of Russia and China's economies and electricity generation than fossil fuels, is a key strategic technology that has grown steadily in both countries. Despite this, it has received relatively little attention from Western observers. English-language literature on the subject tends to focus on Russian and Chinese nuclear energy developments independently of one another, or on Russia and China as competitors in the global nuclear energy market. Work that specifically centers on cooperation between China and Russia in the nuclear energy sector remains scarce. This report will attempt to fill this gap in the literature by examining the nature of nuclear cooperation between China and Russia over the past three decades. It finds that while collaborative efforts remain a relatively small proportion of the two countries' respective nuclear industries, they have grown steadily and promise to grow further as the two enjoy increasingly close relations. In March 2023, China and Russia signed an agreement to deepen their nuclear energy cooperation, especially in development of fast reactors, production of uranium-plutonium fuel, and handling of spent nuclear fuel. However, this relationship is disproportionately focused on projects in China, and rapidly transforms into a competitive relationship in the international nuclear energy market, where both states are vying for market share. In this way, nuclear energy can be seen as a microcosm of the greater China-Russia relationship: increasingly closely aligned out of mutual self-interest, but still wary and prone to competition when the two states' interests diverge. Further, while the larger China-Russia partnership has become increasingly lopsided with Russia finding itself in the position of junior partner, nuclear energy is a rare area where Russia continues to play the more senior role. However, this dominance is also likely to wane in the coming years as China's nuclear industry continues to mature."--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Nuclear Energy Cooperation with Foreign Countries Issues for Congress written by Paul K. Kerr and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Triple Axis written by Ariane Tabatabai and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-07-30 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most significant challenge to the post-Cold War international order is the growing power of ambitious states opposed to the West. Iran, Russia and China each view the global structure through the prism of historical experience. Rejecting the universality of Western liberal values, these states and their governments each consider the relative decline of Western economic hegemony as an opportunity. Yet cooperation between them remains fragmentary. The end of Western sanctions and the Iranian nuclear deal; the Syrian conflict; new institutions in Central and East Asia: in all these areas and beyond, the potential for unity or divergence is striking. In this new and comprehensive study, Ariane Tabatabai and Dina Esfandiary address the substance of this `triple axis' in the realms of energy, trade, and military security. In particular they scrutinise Iran-Russia and the often overlooked field of Iran-China relations. Their argument - that interactions between the three will shape the world stage for decades to come - will be of interest to anyone looking to understand the contemporary international security puzzle.
Download or read book U S China Relations written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book China Russia Security Relations Strategic Parallelism Without Partnership Or Passion written by Richard Weitz and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The First Reactor written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Strengthening U S Russian Cooperation on Nuclear Nonproliferation written by Russian Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-09-07 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strengthening U.S.-Russian Cooperation on Nuclear Nonproliferation: Recommendations for Action offers the consensus findings and recommendations of a joint committee established by the U.S. National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences to identify methods of improving the ongoing cooperation between the two nations in this area. The report finds that the best way to realize the enormous potential of the U.S.-Russian relationship on nuclear nonproliferation is to reinvigorate the relationship between the two governments as a true partnership. It recommends that the U.S. and Russia establish a Joint High-Level Commission of government and non-government experts to assess their cooperation and devise a strategic plan for moving forward. It suggests that the Senior Interagency Group that was recently established by the two presidents be empowered to carry out this strategic plan. The report then examines three issue areas, making specific recommendations in each: law and taxation, program organization and management, and scientific and technical cooperation.
Download or read book U S Russian Civilian Nuclear Cooperation Agreement written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On May 13, 2008, President Bush submitted the proposed text of the U. S.-Russian civilian nuclear cooperation agreement to Congress along with the required Nuclear Proliferation Assessment (NPAS) and his determination that the agreement promotes U. S. national security.1 The annexed classified NPAS was submitted separately. [...] According to the President's letter of submittal, the agreement meets all the terms of the Atomic Energy Act2 and therefore does not require any exemptions from the law's requirements. [...] In the case of the agreement with China, Members of Congress attached conditions to the joint resolution of approval of the agreement, based on concerns, among others, that China was exporting materials and equipment relevant for nuclear weapons development to nonnuclear weapon states.9 Prior to July 2006, Moscow's nuclear commerce with Iran presented the chief obstacle to U. S.-Russian nuclear co [...] Several factors may have contributed to the shift in U. S. policy: a tougher line by Moscow since 2003 with respect to Iran, especially Russia's agreement with Iran to take back spent nuclear fuel from the Russian-built Bushehr reactor; President Bush's embrace of nuclear power as an alternative to reliance 5 The United States-Russian Federation Nuclear Cooperation Agreement Act of 2008. [...] Critics point out that the agreement risks entrenching the Bush Administration's policy of accepting reprocessing as a necessary part of the future of nuclear energy (although a future administration and Congress would always have the ability to guide the pace and direction of these developments).
Download or read book Energy Relations Between Russia and China written by James Henderson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Future of China Russia Relations written by James Bellacqua and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2010-09-12 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relations between China and Russia have evolved dramatically since their first diplomatic contact, particularly during the twentieth century. During the past decade China and Russia have made efforts to strengthen bilateral ties and improve cooperation on a number of diplomatic fronts. The People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation maintain exceptionally close and friendly relations, strong geopolitical and regional cooperation, and significant levels of trade. In The Future of China-Russia Relations, scholars from around the world explore the current state of the relationship between the two powers and assess the prospects for future cooperation and possible tensions in the new century. The contributors examine Russian and Chinese perspectives on a wide range of issues, including security, political relationships, economic interactions, and defense ties. This collection explores the energy courtship between the two nations and analyzes their interests and policies regarding Central Asia, the Korean Peninsula, and Taiwan.
Download or read book The Paradox of Power written by David C. Gompert and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2020 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second half of the 20th century featured a strategic competition between the United States and the Soviet Union. That competition avoided World War III in part because during the 1950s, scholars like Henry Kissinger, Thomas Schelling, Herman Kahn, and Albert Wohlstetter analyzed the fundamental nature of nuclear deterrence. Decades of arms control negotiations reinforced these early notions of stability and created a mutual understanding that allowed U.S.-Soviet competition to proceed without armed conflict. The first half of the 21st century will be dominated by the relationship between the United States and China. That relationship is likely to contain elements of both cooperation and competition. Territorial disputes such as those over Taiwan and the South China Sea will be an important feature of this competition, but both are traditional disputes, and traditional solutions suggest themselves. A more difficult set of issues relates to U.S.-Chinese competition and cooperation in three domains in which real strategic harm can be inflicted in the current era: nuclear, space, and cyber. Just as a clearer understanding of the fundamental principles of nuclear deterrence maintained adequate stability during the Cold War, a clearer understanding of the characteristics of these three domains can provide the underpinnings of strategic stability between the United States and China in the decades ahead. That is what this book is about.
Download or read book Kudankulam written by Raminder Kaur and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1980s, the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu has faced multiple forms of resistance. Women and men from different walks of life—fishers, farmers, environmentalists, activists, writers, scholars, teachers, journalists, doctors, and lawyers among many others—have come together to combat the deadly radioactive repercussions and repression that come with the development of a high-security nuclear installation. Drawing upon their experiences, this historical and ethnographic study accounts for the anti-nuclear campaign’s part in ‘right-to-lives’ movements while engaging with the (re)production of knowledge and ignorance in the understanding of radiation, and efforts to create an evidence base in response to the otherwise unavailable or insufficient data on the environment and public health in India. Tracing the grassroots struggle for ‘energy justice’ off- and on-line, the author looks into the larger questions of development, democracy, and nationalism. These have marked not just parts of India identified for large-scale constructions, but also other regions of the world where state functionaries have much to gain from corporate collaborations at the cost of local residents who lose their livelihoods, and are forcibly displaced, persecuted, or even killed in order to execute governmental designs in the name of the nation.
Download or read book Once and Future Partners written by William C. Potter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite their Cold War rivalry, the United States and the Soviet Union frequently engaged in joint efforts to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. Leaders in Washington and Moscow recognized that nuclear proliferation would serve neither country’s interests even when they did not see eye-to-eye in many other areas. They likewise understood why collaboration in mitigating this nuclear danger would serve both their own interests and those of the international community. This volume examines seven little known examples of US-Soviet cooperation for non-proliferation, including preventing South Africa from conducting a nuclear test, developing international safeguards and export control guidelines, and negotiating a draft convention banning radiological weapons. It uses declassified and recently-digitized archival material to explore in-depth the motivations for and modalities for cooperation under often adverse political circumstances. Given the current disintegration of Russian and US relations, including in the nuclear sphere, this history is especially worthy of review. Accordingly, the volume’s final chapter is devoted to discussing how non-proliferation lessons from the past can be applied today in areas most in need of US-Russian cooperation.
Download or read book The Senkaku Paradox written by Michael E. O'Hanlon and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: America needs better options for resolving potential crises In recent years, the Pentagon has elevated its concerns about Russia and China as potential military threats to the United States and its allies. But what issues could provoke actual conflict between the United States and either country? And how could such a conflict be contained before it took the world to the brink of thermonuclear catastrophe, as was feared during the cold war? Defense expert Michael O'Hanlon wrestles with these questions in this insightful book, setting them within the broader context of hegemonic change and today's version of great-power competition. The book examines how a local crisis could escalate into a broader and much more dangerous threat to peace. What if, for example, Russia's “little green men” seized control of a community, like Narva or an even smaller town in Estonia, now a NATO ally? Or, what if China seized one of the uninhabited Senkaku islands now claimed and administered by Japan, or imposed a partial blockade of Taiwan? Such threats are not necessarily imminent, but they are far from inconceivable. Washington could be forced to choose, in these and similar cases, between risking major war to reverse the aggression, and appeasing China or Russia in ways that could jeopardize the broader global order. O'Hanlon argues that the United States needs a better range of options for dealing with such risks to peace. He advocates “integrated deterrence,” which combines military elements with economic warfare. The military components would feature strengthened forward defenses as well as, possibly, limited military options against Russian or Chinese assets in other theaters. Economic warfare would include offensive elements, notably sanctions, as well as measures to ensure the resilience of the United States and allies against possible enemy reprisal. The goal is to deter war through a credible set of responses that are more commensurate than existing policy with the stakes involved in such scenarios.
Download or read book Seeing the Light The Case for Nuclear Power in the 21st Century written by Scott L. Montgomery and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first accessible book to discuss all aspects of nuclear power to help combat climate change and lethal air pollution.
Download or read book The Paradox of Power written by David C. Gompert and published by Department of the Army. This book was released on 2011-12-27 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking deeply into the matter of strategic vulnerability, the authors address questions that this vulnerability poses: Do conditions exist for Sino-U.S. mutual deterrence in these realms? Might the two states agree on reciprocal restraint? What practical measures might build confidence in restraint? How would strategic restraint affect Sino-U.S. relations as well as security in and beyond East Asia?
Download or read book Indian Nuclear Policy written by Harsh V. Pant and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-16 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: India has come a long way from being a nuclear pariah to a de facto member of the nuclear club. The transition in its nuclear identity has been accompanied by its transformation into a major economic power and underlines a pragmatic turn in its foreign-policy thinking. This book provides a historical narrative of the evolution of India’s nuclear policy since 1947, as the country continues its pursuit for complete integration into the global nuclear order. Situating India’s nuclear behaviour in this context, the book explains how India’s engagement with the atom is unique in international nuclear history and politics. Aided by declassified archival documents and oral history interviews, it focuses on how status, security, domestic politics, and the role of individuals have played a key role in defining and shaping India’s nuclear trajectory, policy choices, and their consequences.
