Download or read book Fundamentals of the Physical Chemistry of Pulverized Coal Combustion written by L Lahaye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of coal for the production of energy is certainly not a new area of research. Many research works were carried out to improve the efficiency of industrial and domestic facilities. In the sixties, however, because of the availability and low cost of petroleum, coal consumption decreased and the research effort in this area was minimum. Meanwhile, the situation has totally changed. Considering the reserves of oil and the instability ofregions where they are located, it is becoming absolutely necessary to develop other sources of energy.The major alternative to oil appears to be coal, at least for the near future. Indeed, the reserves known today represent several centuries of energy consumption.!t is therefore becoming urgent to develop efficient and non polluting technologies to produce energy from coal. The main possibilities are : · liquefaction · gasification · directed combustion. Research and development efforts on liquefaction have been considerably reduced because of high cost of technologies involved and poor prospects for the next two decades. Research works on gasification are progressing; it is a promising approach. However, direct combustion either in pulverized coal furnaces or in fluidized beds is the more promising way of expanding rapidly the utilization of coal. These techniques are already used in some facilities but many environmental problems remain, slowing down their development.
Download or read book Chemical Processes in Atmospheric Oxidation written by Georges Le Bras and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidation and removal of atmospheric constituents involve complex sequences of reactions which can lead to the production of photo-oxidants such as ozone. In order to understand and model these complex reaction sequences, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of reaction mechanisms and accurate estimates of kinetic parameters for relevant gas-phase atmospheric reactions. This book presents recent advances in the field and includes the following topics: e.g. the oxidation of simple organic compounds, NOx kinetics and mechanisms, OH radical production and rate constants for the OH attack on more complex organic compounds, peroxy and alkoxy radical reactions, photo-oxidation of aromatic and biogenic compounds, and the interaction between radical species.
Download or read book La Mod lisation multidimensionnelle des coulements dans les moteurs written by Thierry Baritaud and published by Editions TECHNIP. This book was released on 1999 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an increasingly challenging commercial environment, and the need imposed by safety principles to reduce both fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, the development of new engines can now benefit from the advances of computational fluid dynamics. Engine CFD is a most challenging simulation problem. This is caused by the spread of time and space scales, the excursion amplitude of most parameters, the high quasi-cyclic unstationarity of engine flows, the importance of minor geometry details, the number of physical and chemical processes including turbulent combustion and multi-phase flows to model. However, engine CFD has now reached a state where it has become a widely used tool, not only for engine understanding, but also increasingly for engine design. Undoubtedly, laser diagnostics in optical access engines have also brought significant help.Contents: 1. State of the art of multi-dimensional modeling of engine reacting flows. 2. Simulation of the intake and compression strokes of a motored 4-valve SI engine with a finite element code. 3. A parallel, unstructured-mesh methodology for device-scale combustion calculations. 4. Large-eddy simulation of in-cylinder flows. 5. Simulation of engine internal flows using digital physics. 6. Automatic block decomposition of parametrically changing volumes. 7. Developments in spray modeling in diesel and direct-injection gasoline engines. 8. Cyto-fluid dynamic theory of atomization processes. 9. Influence of the wall temperature on the mixture preparation in DI gasoline engines. 10. Simulation of cavitating flows in diesel injectors. 11. Recent developments in simulations of internal flows in high pressure swirl injectors. 12. 3D simulation of DI diesel combustion and pollutant formation using a two-component reference fuel. 13. Modeling of NOx and soot formation in diesel combustion. 14. Multi-dimensional modeling of combustion and pollutants formation of new technology light duty diesel engines. 15. 3D modeling of combustion for DI-SI engines. 16. Combustion modeling with the G-equation. 17. Multi-dimensional modeling of the aerodynamic and combustion in diesel engines. 18. CFD aided development of a SI-DI engine. 19. CFD engine applications at FIAT research centre. 20. Application of a detailed emission model for heavy duty diesel engine simulations. 21. CFD based shape optimization of IC engine.
Download or read book Turbulent Reactive Flows written by R. Borghi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 958 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turbulent reactive flows are of common occurrance in combustion engineering, chemical reactor technology and various types of engines producing power and thrust utilizing chemical and nuclear fuels. Pollutant formation and dispersion in the atmospheric environment and in rivers, lakes and ocean also involve interactions between turbulence, chemical reactivity and heat and mass transfer processes. Considerable advances have occurred over the past twenty years in the understanding, analysis, measurement, prediction and control of turbulent reactive flows. Two main contributors to such advances are improvements in instrumentation and spectacular growth in computation: hardware, sciences and skills and data processing software, each leading to developments in others. Turbulence presents several features that are situation-specific. Both for that reason and a number of others, it is yet difficult to visualize a so-called solution of the turbulence problem or even a generalized approach to the problem. It appears that recognition of patterns and structures in turbulent flow and their study based on considerations of stability, interactions, chaos and fractal character may be opening up an avenue of research that may be leading to a generalized approach to classification and analysis and, possibly, prediction of specific processes in the flowfield. Predictions for engineering use, on the other hand, can be foreseen for sometime to come to depend upon modeling of selected features of turbulence at various levels of sophistication dictated by perceived need and available capability.
Download or read book NBSIR written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Third Annual Conference on Fire Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalogue of Scientific Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1867 with total page 1050 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalogue of Scientific Papers 1800 1863 written by Royal Society (Great Britain) and published by . This book was released on 1868 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalogue of Scientific Papers 1800 1900 ser 1 1800 1863 written by Royal Society (Great Britain) and published by . This book was released on 1867 with total page 1058 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kant und die Berliner Aufkl rung written by Volker Gerhardt and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2001 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion written by R.P. Overend and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the world many projects have been underway to investigate the conversion of renewable biomass into energy and synthetic fuels by thermo chemical methods such as combustion, pyrolysis, gasification and lique faction. While many of these represent prior art used during the early 20th century, the recent decade since the 1970s oil shock has immeasurably increased the knowledge base for such processes. Much of the new knowledge has been gained by persons who were not trained in classical wood chemistry and there have not yet been many attempts to synthesize the knowledge into a corpus of systematic information. To bring this about the International Energy Agency's Forestry Energy collaboration, the Gas Research Institute, the National Research Council of Canada and the US Department of Energy jointly sponsored a conference on the Fundamentals of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion in Estes Park, Colorado which was held on October 18-22, 1982. The Conference, which was structured around invited plenary papers and contributions from researchers, served as the basis for the papers in this volume which reflect the substantial conclusions of the Conference. During the planning for the Conference, it was realized by the editors in their capacity as Co-chairmen that a major problem in biomass research was the lack of reproducibility between reported experiments and their inter comparison on account of the heterogeneity of biomass materials. A well known wood chemist, George M.
Download or read book Functions and Uses of Disciplinary Histories written by Loren Graham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edward Gibbon's allegation at the beginning of his Essay on the Study of Literature (1764) that the history of empires is that of the miseries of humankind whereas the history of the sciences is that of their splendour and happiness has for a long time been accepted by professional scientists and by historians of science alike. For its practitioner, the history of a discipline displayed above all the always difficult but fmally rewarding approach to a truth which was incorporated in the discipline in its actual fonn. Looking back, it was only too easy to distinguish those who erred and heretics in the field from the few forerunners of true science. On the one hand, the traditional history of science was told as a story of hero and hero worship, on the other hand it was, paradoxically enough, the constant attempt to remind the scientist whom he should better forget. It is not surprising at all therefore that the traditional history of science was a field of only minor interest for the practitioner of a distinct scientific diSCipline or specialty and at the same time a hardly challenging task for the professional historian. Nietzsche had already described the historian of science as someone who arrives late after harvest-time: it is somebody who is only a tolerated guest at the thanksgiving dinner of the scientific community .
Download or read book Catalogue of Scientific Papers 1800 1900 written by Royal Society (Great Britain) and published by . This book was released on 1868 with total page 1028 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diamond and Diamond like Films and Coatings written by Robert E. Clausing and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diamond films grown by activated chemical vapor deposition have superlative thermal, mechanical, optical, and electronic properties combined with a very high degree of chemical inertness to most environments. These properties, together with the ability to fabricate films and shapes of considerable size, promise an exciting new material with many applications. Some applications are on the verge of commercialization but many await a few more technological developments. Diamond-like films are already employed in both commercial and military applications. The popular press, as well as the scientific and technological and industrial communities, are increasingly interested in the potential for future development of these materials. Although there are many technical papers and review articles published, there is no Single comprehensive introduction to these technologies. The Scientific Affairs Division of NATO recognized the need and the future importance of these technologies and authorized an Advanced Study Institute on diamond and diamond-like films. NATO Advanced Study Institutes are high level teaching activities at which a carefully defined subject is presented in a systematic and coherently structured program. The subject is treated in considerable depth by lecturers eminent in their fields and of international standing. The presentations are made to students who are scientists in the field or who possess an advanced general scientific background.
Download or read book Energy from the Biomass written by W. Palz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-02-27 with total page 1403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The success of the previous Conferences on Energy from Biomass, held in Brighton 1980and Berlin 1982, and the continued interest among European countries, encouraged theCommission of the European Communities to organise the third conference on this areaof energy production. It brought together about 500 experts from many countries thuspresenting an international forum for discussion of the most recent advances in researchand development, manufacture and industrial applications.
Download or read book Fire Technology Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
