Download or read book Childhood Obesity in Mexican origin Populations written by Luz Elvia Vera-Becerra and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of obesity in Mexican-American children is higher than in non-Hispanic white children. Binational studies conducted in US immigrant and Mexican communities can provide a unique perspective on factors that may be related to childhood obesity. This dissertation presents the findings from a cross-sectional, binational study, conducted from April to December 2006. The sample included families with children ages one to six years, living in immigrant households in Ventura County, California (US) with a similar cohort of children, living in the municipality of Cueramaro, Guanajuato (MX), where out-migration is common. The interview included items to collect data on demographic characteristics; household food security; infant and child feeding practices; maternal perception of the child's diet and weight; a 30-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); and a 24-hour dietary recall (DR). Also weight and height (or length for younger children) was measured on all children one to six years living in the household to calculate the body mass index-for-age z-scores (BMIZ) and the height-for-age z-scores (HAZ), indicators of body fatness and linear growth, respectively. The final sample includes 95 families in US and 200 families in MX. The present work includes four chapters. The first is a literature review that examines biological, family and community-level factors contributing to the development of childhood overweight and obesity among Mexican-American populations. The second chapter compares maternal perceptions and concerns; infant and child feeding practices; and growth status among US and MX populations. The third chapter identifies differences in child feeding strategies and dietary intakes across populations and also examines associations between feeding strategies and dietary intakes. The final chapter examines potential mechanisms through which country of residence is associated with childhood overweight among families in MX and US. Specifically, the study examines evidence for the hypothesis that food security mediates the relationship between country of residence and childhood obesity. Results of the analyses provide evidence that the prevalence of low and very low food security is significantly higher in the MX than in the US sample. Overweight and obesity is significantly higher among the US children compared to their counterparts in MX. There are also differences in child eating patterns and maternal concerns about their child's weight among countries. Based on the FFQ, children in the US, compared to children in MX, consume more pizza, hot dogs, hamburgers, instant noodles, ready-to-eat cereal, and American cheese and less fried beans, corn tortillas, and rice. However children in MX, compared with children in US, consume soda more often. Based on the 24-DR, there are few differences in most of the macro or micronutrient intakes. In examining the relationship between feeding strategies and nutrients intakes; children who ask for food/beverages or take food from the refrigerator or pantry between meals, have significantly higher intakes of total and animal protein. Children, whose mothers use food or beverages to calm his or her child, have significantly higher intakes of saturated fatty acids. Food security status is significantly related to BMIZ using different scales for food security. In the regression models to evaluate the mediation effect of food security on the country and BMIZ, food security does not remain significant in the models. However, after adjusting for household size and maternal education, about 15% of the relationship between country and BMIZ is explained by food insecurity, a Mexican dietary pattern, and maternal feeding strategies.
Download or read book Joint U S Mexico Workshop on Preventing Obesity in Children and Youth of Mexican Origin written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-02-09 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Joint U.S.-Mexico Workshop on Preventing Obesity in Children and Youth of Mexican Origin was initiated by a desire to share experiences regarding the problem of obesity in children and youth of Mexican origin on both sides of the border, with a particular focus on potential solutions. U.S and Mexican researchers, public health officials, industry leaders, and policy-makers engaged in valuable dialogue to share perspectives, challenges, and opportunities. Commonalities and differences in the United States and Mexico regarding risk factors, potential interventions and programs, and need for all sectors to collaborate and make progress toward solving this serious public health problem were also discussed. This dialogue served as a basis to explore a bi-national agenda for addressing this epidemic, which was the ultimate goal of the workshop.
Download or read book Characterization of Childhood Obesity in Mexican origin Children Through Investigation of Maternal Perceptions Developmental Differences and the Impact of a Culturally Tailored Intervention written by Iraklis Erik Tseregounis and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of obese and overweight children has more than tripled since the early 1970s. This dramatic increase greatly impacts adult health as childhood obesity has been linked to markers for cardiovascular disease, such as high blood pressure, type-2 diabetes, elevated cholesterol and an early onset of obesity-related morbidity and mortality. This issue of childhood obesity is particularly problematic in the Latino community. Children have an elevated prevalence of obesity relative to other racial groups and Latinos are amongst the fastest growing ethnic groups in the country. Niños Sanos, Familia Sana (NSFS) is a completed five-year intervention study aimed at improving the health of Mexican-origin children in the rural agricultural communities of California’s Central Valley. This dissertation utilized data collected during the NSFS study to focus on various characteristics related to childhood obesity. The first study explored maternal perceptions of child weight and how they might be impacted by an intervention aimed at reducing BMI gains. Comparisons from baseline to follow-up showed dramatic improvement on the accuracy of maternal perception of their overweight and obese children. Further analysis, however, revealed no evidence of an association between the intervention and changing perception. The second study used mathematical models to estimate the timing of the adiposity rebound (AR) for children in the NSFS study and further examined associations between timing of the AR with exclusive breastfeeding practices. The AR was found to have occurred earliest in the heaviest children (mean age (standard deviation): normal weight: 5.58(0.55), overweight: 4.65(0.48), obese: 3.55(0.65)). No significant association was shown between exclusivity of breastfeeding and age at rebound. The third study aimed to determine the effect of an intervention targeting reduction in BMI gain on the growth of subcutaneous fat tissue in Mexican-origin preadolescent children. Outcomes of the models included a log-transformed sum of the raw measures and z-scores for triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness. For all measures and across age and gender, no significant reduction in skinfold thickness due to intervention was observed.
Download or read book Hispanics and the Future of America written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hispanics and the Future of America presents details of the complex story of a population that varies in many dimensions, including national origin, immigration status, and generation. The papers in this volume draw on a wide variety of data sources to describe the contours of this population, from the perspectives of history, demography, geography, education, family, employment, economic well-being, health, and political engagement. They provide a rich source of information for researchers, policy makers, and others who want to better understand the fast-growing and diverse population that we call "Hispanic." The current period is a critical one for getting a better understanding of how Hispanics are being shaped by the U.S. experience. This will, in turn, affect the United States and the contours of the Hispanic future remain uncertain. The uncertainties include such issues as whether Hispanics, especially immigrants, improve their educational attainment and fluency in English and thereby improve their economic position; whether growing numbers of foreign-born Hispanics become citizens and achieve empowerment at the ballot box and through elected office; whether impending health problems are successfully averted; and whether Hispanics' geographic dispersal accelerates their spatial and social integration. The papers in this volume provide invaluable information to explore these issues.
Download or read book Changes in Eating Patterns of Young Mexican origin Children written by Alberto Leopoldo Aguilera and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rates of obesity have soared in the past couple decades in the United States. Yet obesity has not affected all groups equally. A disparity in the prevalence of obesity among different ethnic and racial groups continues to exist. More Latino children and adults are affected by obesity than their white counterparts. This is a pressing issue in California, where the Latino population is predicted to become a majority during the next few decades. There is a need for research that investigates how to address obesity in Latino populations, especially those of Mexican descent. This dissertation presents findings from the Niños Sanos, Familia Sana (NSFS, Healthy Children, Healthy Family) study conducted between June 2010 and May 2015. The study sample included Mexican-origin children ages 3 to 8 years (n=594) and their parents living in the rural Central Valley of California. This dissertation was completed in three phases. The first phase consisted of qualitative research among parents to explore their perspectives on childhood obesity, barriers to a healthy lifestyle, and ideas for obesity interventions. Five focus groups were conducted among Mexican-origin parents (n=33) in 2010-2011 in Firebaugh CA. A major theme that emerged from these focus groups is that the transition to school negatively influences children's eating preferences. A nutrition message that resonated with participants was eating meals as a family and the role it can play in living a healthy lifestyle. The second phase compared different methods for the assessment of fruit and vegetable consumption within the NSFS study. To understand how dietary patterns and food behaviors change over time, instruments such as food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and dietary recalls are commonly used. However, there are newer methods and technology that allow for more objective measurements of diet. Fruit and vegetable intake among Mexican-origin children (n= 51) was assessed using a noninvasive technology that measures the levels of carotenoids in the skin. The results from this chapter demonstrate a significant correlation between skin carotenoid levels and reported dietary recall vegetable intake (r=0.41, p=0.003), but not with dietary recall fruit, FFQ fruit, and FFQ vegetable consumption. Lastly, the third phase examined differences between intervention (n=105) and control (n=70) children in consumption of vegetables and fast/convenience food from baseline until the end of the second year of the intervention. The predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption were also examined in this study. At the end of year 2, no significant effect of the intervention was observed between groups in vegetable consumption (p=0.579). However a significant reduction on fast and convenience food consumption (p=0.001) was observed in the intervention children only. After adjusting for covariates, child BMI z-score was found to have a negative relationship with vegetable intake (n=108, [beta]=-2747.5, SE=849.4, p=0.002). The findings from this dissertation contribute to the obesity literature and provide the foundation for future nutrition and obesity interventions, which are culturally adapted to Mexican-origin populations.
Download or read book Obesity and the Economics of Prevention Fit not Fat written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2010-09-23 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the scale and characteristics of the obesity epidemic, the respective roles and influence of market forces and governments, and the impact of interventions.
Download or read book Maternal Food Insecurity Child Feeding Practices Weight Perceptions and BMI in a Rural Mexican origin Population written by Christy Marguerite Gifford Solorio and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among Mexican-American children, 35-40% are overweight. To achieve the Healthy People 2020 goal of reducing childhood obesity, interventions must be developed based on an understanding of the origins of childhood obesity. The goal of this study was to determine relationships between maternal food insecurity, child feeding practices and perceived child weight in a Mexican-origin population. Data were obtained through food security and medical history surveys along with anthropometric measurements of 175 Mexican-origin mother-child dyads living in rural, agricultural towns. No relationships were seen between food insecurity and other variables; however, only 31% of mothers of overweight children accurately identified them as such and only 47% of these mothers reported an attempt to change her child's nutrition or physical activity. This study exposed the need to determine factors involved in the identification of childhood obesity and in how mothers decide to change nutrition and physical activity for their children.
Download or read book Gendered Overweight Prevalence Among Mexican origin Individuals by Parental Nativity written by Carly Cherwony and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender and generational differences exist in overweight and obesity prevalence among the Hispanic population living in the United States. Previous research finds that overweight and obesity are higher among Hispanic boys in childhood but are higher among women in adulthood. Additionally, gender differences are more prominent among children of immigrants, yet it is not well understood as to when these differences appear as one ages. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, I examine sex and overweight during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood among U.S.-born whites, U.S.-born Mexicans with U.S.-born parents, and Mexican children of immigrants (N=4,117). Results indicate that overweight prevalence increases with age but do not support a significant association between sex and overweight among Mexican-origin individuals.
Download or read book Overweight and Diet Among Children of Mexican Descent written by Lisa Goldman Rosas and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Association of Parent Acculturation with Childhood Obesity and Dietary Behaviors Among a Predominately Mexican American Sample written by Monica Iolanda Morello and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of parent acculturation on child fruit and vegetable consumption and obesity, as measured by BMI, among Mexican American and other Hispanic families. Mexican Americans make up the largest sub-group of Hispanics in the U.S. and account for a large proportion of the prevalence of overweight and obesity. There is a need to understand the influences of acculturation among Mexican American and other Hispanic families in order to reduce and prevent childhood obesity among this population in the U.S. Secondary baseline data from a randomized controlled trial was analyzed for this study. The study took place in San Diego County, California. Participants consisted of a total of 541 families with a child between the ages of 5 and 8 years old who spoke English or Spanish and lived within up to three miles from a local community recreation center. Only Mexican American or other Hispanic individuals were included in the present study, yielding a final sample size of 250 participants. Height and weight measurements were collected to calculate the age- and sex-specific BMI for each child and parent. Self-administered surveys were given to parents and included questions on basic demographics, acculturation, and child fruit and vegetable consumption. Over half (56.4%) of the parents were born in Mexico; 86.8% of the children were born in the U.S. Parent acculturation scores ranged from 4 to 32 with a mean of 16.41 (SD=9.25); child acculturation scores ranged from 1 to 5 with a mean of 3.53 (SD=0.81). The bivariate results indicated that the outcome variable of child BMI z score was related to the main predictor variable of parent acculturation at the 0.20 significance level. At the same significance level, the outcome variable of child fruit consumption was associated with parent acculturation (p=0.01). After controlling for parent acculturation and parent birth place, child BMI z score remained significantly related to parent BMI (p
Download or read book Preventing Childhood Obesity written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-01-31 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking developmentâ€"an epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century. Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth.
Download or read book Multiple Origins Uncertain Destinies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given current demographic trends, nearly one in five U.S. residents will be of Hispanic origin by 2025. This major demographic shift and its implications for both the United States and the growing Hispanic population make Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies a most timely book. This report from the National Research Council describes how Hispanics are transforming the country as they disperse geographically. It considers their roles in schools, in the labor market, in the health care system, and in U.S. politics. The book looks carefully at the diverse populations encompassed by the term "Hispanic," representing immigrants and their children and grandchildren from nearly two dozen Spanish-speaking countries. It describes the trajectory of the younger generations and established residents, and it projects long-term trends in population aging, social disparities, and social mobility that have shaped and will shape the Hispanic experience.
Download or read book The U S Safety Net and Obesity written by Meagan Morrow Hanbury and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity rates have risen drastically over the past 25 years. The most recent statistics show that over one third of adults are obese and over one third of children are either overweight or obese. The obesity epidemic has disproportionately affected low-income individuals and minorities. Popular media, policy experts, and researchers have all suggested that participation in U.S. safety net programs may contribute to this health disparity and redesigning certain programs may mitigate the impact. Some safety net programs provide either cash or in-kind assistance that expands households' budgets, enabling households to spend more money on food. Higher food expenditure can either translate into an increase in calories or consumption of better quality food. Other safety net programs have the ability to educate participants about health behaviors. The overall effect of participation in safety net programs on weight is theoretically ambiguous. This dissertation adds to the literature by exploring the relationship between safety net participation and obesity within two particularly vulnerable populations, children and Mexican-origin women.This dissertation is organized into three separate essays. The first essay uses National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Child and Mother data to examine the effect of Head Start participation on childhood weight outcomes. This essay uses sibling comparisons to determine the impact of Head Start on children's Body Mass Index (BMI) z-scores as well as overweight and obesity status at ages 5/6 and 9/10. Empirical results show that while Head Start has limited effect on weight outcomes within the general population, the program is associated with a reduction in overweight and obesity among white and Hispanic children. Black Head Start children, on the other hand, are more likely to be overweight and obese at ages 5/6 than their non-Head Start peers. There is some evidence that Head Start influences weight outcomes through parental learning and shaping of children's preferences and behavior. The second and third essays use partial baseline data from Ni©łos Sanos, Familia Sana (NSFS), a 5 year, multi-intervention, research project aimed at preventing childhood obesity. Non-citizen immigrants face a different set of policies and circumstances than the general population when choosing to participate in the U.S. safety net. The second essay looks at take-up of safety net programs among low-income Mexican-origin families with children. I find that this population has high participation rates in child focused programs. Furthermore, factors related to transaction costs and fear of immigration consequences do not deter this population from taking up safety net programs. Stigma may be a deterrent from entering certain "welfare" programs.The third essay analyzes the relationships between program participation, food choices, and obesity among low-income Mexican-origin women. This chapter specifically considers the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and explores whether the portfolio of programs households participate in is related to food expenditure and weight. SNAP receipt is associated with larger overall food expenditures as well as higher spending within the meat and non-perishable sub-categories. After accounting for SNAP participation, TANF participation is also associated with larger food expenditure (double the difference associated with SNAP) and the higher spending is across the fruit and vegetable, dairy, junk food, and non-perishable sub-categories. Neither program is associated with a statistically significant difference in BMI. Overall, the results of this dissertation suggest that that participants and non-participants differ in important ways that may also be related to weight. However, participation in safety net programs does not conclusively increase weight and involvement may even have the ability to improve health behaviors among certain sub-groups.
Download or read book Guideline Sugars Intake for Adults and Children written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-03-31 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guideline provides updated global, evidence-informed recommendations on the intake of free sugars to reduce the risk of NCDs in adults and children, with a particular focus on the prevention and control of unhealthy weight gain and dental caries. The recommendations in this guideline can be used by policy-makers and programme managers to assess current intake levels of free sugars in their countries relative to a benchmark. They can also be used to develop measures to decrease intake of free sugars, where necessary, through a range of public health interventions. Examples of such interventions and measures that are already being implemented by countries include food and nutrition labelling, consumer education, regulation of marketing of food and non-alcoholic beverages that are high in free sugars, and fiscal policies targeting foods and beverages that are high in free sugars. This guideline should be used in conjunction with other nutrient guidelines and dietary goals, in particular those related to fats and fatty acids (including saturated fatty acids and trans-fatty acids), to guide development of effective public health nutrition policies and programmes to promote a healthy diet.
Download or read book Eat Healthy Be Active Community Workshops Based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 and 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans written by Health and Human Services Dept (U S ) and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2012-11 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRINT PRODUCT --OVERSTOCK SALE-- Significantly reduced list price Six one-hour workshops were developed, based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 and 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Each workshop includes a lesson plan, learning objectives, talking points, hands-on activities, videos, and handouts. The workshops are designed for community educators, health promoters, dietitians/nutritionists, cooperative extension agents, and others to teach to adults in a wide variety of community settings. Other related products El Camino Hacia una Vida Saludable Basada en las Guias Alimenticias para los Estadounidenses = The Road to a Healthy Life Based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Bilingual Spanish and English) can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/017-001-00564-9 Healthy People 2010, Midcourse Review can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/017-001-00563-1 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/001-000-04747-7 Living a Balanced Life With Diabetes: A Toolkit Addressing Psychosocial Issues for American Indian and Alaska Native Populations (Kit) can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/017-023-00226-1
Download or read book Health Issues in the Latino Community written by Marilyn Aguirre-Molina and published by Jossey-Bass. This book was released on 2001 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sweeping in scope, this book identifies and offers an in-depth examination of the most critical health issues that affect Latino's health and health care within the United States.
