Download or read book Childhood Mortality Estimates Using the Preceding Birth Technique written by Alejandro Aguirre and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Childhood Mortality Estimates from Non random Data using Maternity Histories Collected at Birth Registration written by Sheila Macrae and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measuring Childhood Mortality written by Patricia H. David and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Techniques for Estimating Infant Mortality written by Peter David Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From Death to Birth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-01-12 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last 35 years or so have witnessed a dramatic shift in the demography of many developing countries. Before 1960, there were substantial improvements in life expectancy, but fertility declines were very rare. Few people used modern contraceptives, and couples had large families. Since 1960, however, fertility rates have fallen in virtually every major geographic region of the world, for almost all political, social, and economic groups. What factors are responsible for the sharp decline in fertility? What role do child survival programs or family programs play in fertility declines? Casual observation suggests that a decline in infant and child mortality is the most important cause, but there is surprisingly little hard evidence for this conclusion. The papers in this volume explore the theoretical, methodological, and empirical dimensions of the fertility-mortality relationship. It includes several detailed case studies based on contemporary data from developing countries and on historical data from Europe and the United States.
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 2 written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.
Download or read book Disease and Mortality in Sub Saharan Africa written by Dean T. Jamison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current data and trends in morbidity and mortality for the sub-Saharan Region as presented in this new edition reflect the heavy toll that HIV/AIDS has had on health indicators, leading to either a stalling or reversal of the gains made, not just for communicable disorders, but for cancers, as well as mental and neurological disorders.
Download or read book Demography written by Samuel Preston and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2000-10-03 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents and develops the basic methods and models that are used by demographers to study the behaviour of human populations. The procedures are clearly and concisely developed from first principles and extensive applications are presented.
Download or read book F rstlich Hessische Medicinal Verordnungen written by and published by . This book was released on 2011-05 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mapping Child Health written by Roy Burstein and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is comprised of three distinct chapters which each aim to improve understanding of child health and survival in developing countries through novel applications of statistical modelling. In each case, modelling was used to make estimates at more refined levels than previously existed, either geographically or in age categories, with the goal of improving the evidence base upon which trends and inequalities in child health could be monitored and assessed. In the first chapter, Mapping under-5 and neonatal mortality in Africa, a baseline analysis for the Sustainable Development Goals, a geostatistical model was developed to estimate the child mortality rate for each 5 x 5 kilometer piece of land in 46 countries in Africa, from 2000 to 2015. The study utilized geographically referenced data from 235 household surveys and censuses and a suite of geospatially disaggregated covariates to make high resolution estimates. Resultant estimates on a gridded surface were also aggregated to the district and province level in each country, to provide a full range of estimates at useful spatial resolutions. Despite large declines in mortality rates overall during the study period, there was substantial heterogeneity in both the absolute levels and rates of change in child mortality, both across and within countries. While declines in many areas met or surpassed the 2015 UN Millennium Development Goal for a 4.4% annual reduction, the hard threshold of 25 deaths per 1000 livebirths set for the 2030 Sustainable Development goal would require much of Africa to reduce mortality at unprecedented rate during the coming years. The second chapter, Development and validation of a new method for indirect estimation of neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality using summary birth histories, dealt with the issue arising in child mortality estimation wherein the dominant source of data, summary birth histories (SBHs), do not on their own provide enough information to estimate age-specific trends in child mortality. To address this, a discrete hazards model was trained on complete birth history data from 243 surveys in 76 countries, representing over 8 million births. A novel approach was developed for prediction at the level of the hypothetical child, each weighted by their probability of birth. Three validation and verification approaches were developed: survey-wise cross validation, comparison against existing indirect methods, and external validation employed through the application of the new method to an addition 243 SBH-only data sources. The new method was found to produce results which are comparable to current best methods for under-5 mortality estimation while additionally producing valid age-specific estimates. Use of this method could allow researchers to utilize a massive amount of SBH data for estimation of trends in neonatal and infant mortality. The third chapter, Geographic accessibility and utilization of facility-based care in Zambia: a geostatistical analysis, explored the predictive ability of geographic factors, including travel time to nearest health facility, to explain healthcare utilization in Zambia, and developed on geostatistical model in order to predict a gridded surface representing treatment seeking rates for diarrhea and febrile illness in children across the country. This analysis overcame a number of important data and methodological limitations present in previous research, including using exact household locations, using flexible splines to represent the decay function over travel time, and using a full probabilistic model and providing uncertainty around all estimates. Results indicate that while at least three quarters of Zambians live within an hour of a health facility, small differences in travel time to healthcare are independently associated with large declines in utilization rates within the first hour. The decision to seek care at a health facility is a complex process that is not easily reduced to geography. As such, a univariate model based solely on geographic accessibility is not sufficient for accurate prediction of utilization across a gridded surface. Improved prediction using a probabilistic model is possible but uncertainty remains high.
Download or read book Preterm Birth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-23 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing prevalence of preterm birth in the United States is a complex public health problem that requires multifaceted solutions. Preterm birth is a cluster of problems with a set of overlapping factors of influence. Its causes may include individual-level behavioral and psychosocial factors, sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics, environmental exposure, medical conditions, infertility treatments, and biological factors. Many of these factors co-occur, particularly in those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged or who are members of racial and ethnic minority groups. While advances in perinatal and neonatal care have improved survival for preterm infants, those infants who do survive have a greater risk than infants born at term for developmental disabilities, health problems, and poor growth. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems. Preterm Birth assesses the problem with respect to both its causes and outcomes. This book addresses the need for research involving clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science disciplines. By defining and addressing the health and economic consequences of premature birth, this book will be of particular interest to health care professionals, public health officials, policy makers, professional associations and clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science researchers.
Download or read book Reducing Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Indonesia written by Indonesian Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-12-26 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Republic of Indonesia, home to over 240 million people, is the world's fourth most populous nation. Ethnically, culturally, and economically diverse, the Indonesian people are broadly dispersed across an archipelago of more than 13,000 islands. Rapid urbanization has given rise to one megacity (Jakarta) and to 10 other major metropolitan areas. And yet about half of Indonesians make their homes in rural areas of the country. Indonesia, a signatory to the United Nations Millennium Declaration, has committed to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However, recent estimates suggest that Indonesia will not achieve by the target date of 2015 MDG 4 - reduction by two-thirds of the 1990 under - 5 infant mortality rate (number of children under age 5 who die per 1,000 live births) - and MDG 5 - reduction by three-quarters of the 1990 maternal mortality ratio (number of maternal deaths within 28 days of childbirth in a given year per 100,000 live births). Although much has been achieved, complex and indeed difficult challenges will have to be overcome before maternal and infant mortality are brought into the MDG-prescribed range. Reducing Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Indonesia is a joint study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the Indonesian Academy of Sciences that evaluates the quality and consistency of the existing data on maternal and neonatal mortality; devises a strategy to achieve the Millennium Development Goals related to maternal mortality, fetal mortality (stillbirths), and neonatal mortality; and identifies the highest priority interventions and proposes steps toward development of an effective implementation plan. According to the UN Human Development Index (HDI), in 2012 Indonesia ranked 121st out of 185 countries in human development. However, over the last 20 years the rate of improvement in Indonesia\'s HDI ranking has exceeded the world average. This progress may be attributable in part to the fact that Indonesia has put considerable effort into meeting the MDGs. This report is intended to be a contribution toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
Download or read book Reducing Birth Defects written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-10-27 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year more than 4 million children are born with birth defects. This book highlights the unprecedented opportunity to improve the lives of children and families in developing countries by preventing some birth defects and reducing the consequences of others. A number of developing countries with more comprehensive health care systems are making significant progress in the prevention and care of birth defects. In many other developing countries, however, policymakers have limited knowledge of the negative impact of birth defects and are largely unaware of the affordable and effective interventions available to reduce the impact of certain conditions. Reducing Birth Defects: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World includes descriptions of successful programs and presents a plan of action to address critical gaps in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of birth defects in developing countries. This study also recommends capacity building, priority research, and institutional and global efforts to reduce the incidence and impact of birth defects in developing countries.
Download or read book Contraceptive Use and Controlled Fertility written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-02-01 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These four papers supplement the book Contraception and Reproduction: Health Consequences for Women and Children in the Developing World by bringing together data and analyses that would otherwise be difficult to obtain in a single source. The topics addressed are an analysis of the relationship between maternal mortality and changing reproductive patterns; the risks and benefits of contraception; the effects of changing reproductive patterns on infant health; and the psychosocial consequences to women of controlled fertility and contraceptive use.
Download or read book Social Statistics Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Science and Babies written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1990-02-01 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By all indicators, the reproductive health of Americans has been deteriorating since 1980. Our nation is troubled by rates of teen pregnancies and newborn deaths that are worse than almost all others in the Western world. Science and Babies is a straightforward presentation of the major reproductive issues we face that suggests answers for the public. The book discusses how the clash of opinions on sex and family planning prevents us from making a national commitment to reproductive health; why people in the United States have fewer contraceptive choices than those in many other countries; what we need to do to improve social and medical services for teens and people living in poverty; how couples should "shop" for a fertility service and make consumer-wise decisions; and what we can expect in the futureâ€"featuring interesting accounts of potential scientific advances.
Download or read book Handbook on the Collection of Fertility and Mortality Data written by Naciones Unidas. División de Estadística and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Socio-economic policy planning and monitoring requires accurate data on births, deaths and population, in order to plan effectively for provision of health, education, employment and social security services. This publication contains detailed information on the compilation of demographic data using a range of complementary methods which can be combined to suit national conditions. Topics covered include: planning collection of fertility and mortality data; fieldwork, data processing and archiving; evaluation, estimation and dissemination; civil registration records, censuses and surveys as data sources.
