Download or read book Chemotactic Response of Zoospores of Phytophthora Sojae to Isoflavones and Study of Chemotaxis Specificity Genes in P Sojae written by Jo-Man Wang and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemotaxis of Phytophthora Sojae Zoospores to Soybean Roots is Altered by Isoflavone Silencing written by Kara Riggs and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soybean stem and root rot are caused by the pathogen Phytophthora sojae, costing soybean farmers millions of dollars in yield loss each year. P. sojae zoospores are the infecting bodies of the pathogen. Zoospores find the roots of host soybeans (Glycine max) in the soil because they are attracted to substances that are released by the roots. These chemical attractants, daidzein and genistein, are attractive to P. sojae in sub-nanomolar amounts. Silencing the production of daidzein and genistein could make roots less attractive to this pathogen and thus save soybean from the danger of stem and root rot. The hairy root generating organism Agrobacterium rhizogenes was used to initiate roots from Williams soybean cotyledons and to transform soybean with a RNAi construct to silence genes for an enzyme for isoflavone biosynthesis, isoflavone synthase (IFS). Root tips were harvested and placed on individual plates. A suspension of P. sojae zoospores was introduced on top of the roots, submersing the roots fully. Zoospore movements were monitored until the zoospores present had encysted. After encystment, the numbers of zoospores attached to the roots were recorded, noting the population of zoospores in each of five designated root sections. In those roots containing neither genistein nor daidzein due to IFS silencing, the zoospores were displaced from their normal point of attachment. When a high concentration of zoospores was added to the roots, control roots were more attractive than IFS-silenced roots. However, long periods of root exposure to the zoospore suspension equilibrate the differences between IFS and control root chemical attraction. The zoospore confusion achieved by silencing the IFS enzyme suggests that continued study of mechanisms underlying P. sojae zoospore chemotaxis could lead to improvements of disease resistance in soybean and related legumes.
Download or read book An Evaluation of Protocols for Stabilizing Pathotypes of Phytophthora Sojae Isolates and Characterizing Race specific Resistant Genes in Soybean Plant Introductions written by Hongtao Jia and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytophthora sojae isolates that have stable pathotypes (virulence formulae) and high levels of aggressiveness are needed to identify resistance genes (Rps). Pathotypes of P. sojae isolates are designated based on a set of standard soybean differentials carrying different Rps genes. In this study, protocols were evaluated for isolates collected from the field to reduce or eliminate variability in pathotype reaction from successive single-zoospores and single-oospores. Isolates of P. sojae representing races 1, 3, 4, 7, and 25 from IN and OH were also compared on three separate sets of soybean differentials using three separate seed sources. Substantial variation in the pathotypes was found in single-zoospores both within a generation and successive generations. P. sojae races 1, 3, 4, 7, and 25 from IN and OH had the expected reaction on all three sets of differentials for Rps1b, Rps1c, Rps1k, Rps2, Rps3a, Rps4, Rps5, Rps7, and on the differential Harlon, L59-731 and Union for Rps1a. Differentials L88-8470 for Rps1a and L93-3312 for Rps1d did not have the expected response. Additional races are needed to differentiate reactions on Rps3b, Rps3c, and Rps6. Utilizing different sources of resistance for Rps alleles may also account for some of the differences in reactions among P. sojae isolates. Incorporating race-specific resistant genes (Rps) to Phytophthora sojae into modern soybean cultivars is the major management strategy for controlling Phytophthora damping-off, root and stem rot disease. Some plant introductions (PIs) from China were identified that were resistant to P. sojae isolates R7, R17 and R25. Two accessions PI567.642A and PI567.550 were among these PIs. They were crossed with soybean differentials to determine which Rps alleles were present in these PIs. F2:3 lines of these two PIs with Williams and Harosoy segregated in 15 resistant to 1 susceptible following inoculation with race 1 which indicates both PIs have two Rps genes. These F2:3 lines as well as other populations were then evaluated with 9 P. sojae isolates to determine which Rps gene(s) may be present. For PI567.642A X Williams population, a 3 resistant to 1 susceptible segregation ratio in F2:3 lines for both R17 and R25 was identified. Following inoculation of these lines with R2, R3, R4, R7, a 15 resistant to 1 susceptible segregation ratio was found. For PI567.550, there was a 3 resistant to 1 susceptible segregation ratio following inoculation of F2:3 lines of PI567.550 X Harosoy 63 (Rps1a) with R3 which indicates PI567.550 has Rps1a. A 3 resistant to 1 susceptible segregation ratio was also found following inoculation of F2:3 populations of PI567.550 X Harosoy (Rps7), PI567.550 X Haro4272 (Rps4), PI567.550 X Haro5272 (Rps5), PI567.550 X Haro6272 (Rps6) with R17. In addition, both PI567.550 and PI567.642A are resistant to R30-T, R31 and susceptible to R20. Based on the inoculation data, we proposed that PI567.642A has Rps1k plus Rps3b and PI567.550 has Rps1a and Rps3b.
Download or read book Annual Review of Phytopathology written by Robert K. Webster and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genomics of Plant Associated Fungi and Oomycetes Dicot Pathogens written by Ralph A. Dean and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-22 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how genomics has revolutionized our understanding of agriculturally important plant-associated fungi and oomycetes. It illustrates some fundamental discoveries about these eukaryotic microbes with regard to the overall structure of their genomes, their lifestyles and the molecular mechanisms that form the basis of their interactions with plants. Genomics has provided new insights into fungal lifestyles and led to practical advances in plant breeding and crop protection, such as predictions about the spread and evolution of new pathogens. This volume focuses on fungi and oomycetes that are typical dicot plant pathogens and includes: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria sp.,Verticillium alfalfae and Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora sojae, Phytophthora ramorum, Phytophthora infestans, Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 2368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Techniques in Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry GC MS MS and GC TOF MS for Environmental Chemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been the technique of choice of analytical scientists for many years. The latest developments in instrumentation, including tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) and time-of-flight (TOF) detectors, have opened up and broadened the scope of environmental analytical chemistry. This book summarizes the major advances and relevant applications of GC-MS techniques over the last 10 years, with chapters by leading authors in the field of environmental chemistry. The authors are drawn from academia, industry and government. The book is organized in three main parts. Part I covers applications of basic GC-MS to solve environmental-related problems. Part II focuses on GC-MS-MS instrumentation for the analyses of a broad range of analysis in environmental samples (pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, etc.). Part III covers the use of more advanced GC-MS techniques using low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry for many applications related to the environment, food and industry. Summarizes the major advances of GC-MS techniques in the last decade Presents relevant applications of GC-MS techniques Covers academic, industrial and governmental sectors
Download or read book Oomycete Genetics and Genomics written by Kurt Lamour and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-06-17 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the knowledge from and tools for genetic and genomic research into oomycetes to help solve the problems this pathogen poses to crops and animals. Armed with the information presented here, researchers can use oomycete data to solve practical problems and gain insight into future areas of interest. Key Features: Offers an up-to-date coverage of research into oomycetes – which has advanced with biochemical and molecular analyses in recent years Helps researchers use oomycete data to solve practical problems, like damage to crop and animal resources Includes a section on interactions with animal hosts Offers perspective on future areas of research Assembles an international author base
Download or read book Plant microbe Interactions 2 written by Gary Stacey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant-Microbe Interactions, Volume 2 Volume 1 of this series has made its appearance and dealt forcefully with impor tant current topics in the field of plant-microbe interactions. We believe that the quality of those chapters was high and should serve as a focal point for the state of the art as well as an enduring reference. Volume 2 builds upon these accom plishments. Chapter 1 discusses the fascinating lipo-chitin signal molecules from Rhizo bium, aspects regarding their biosynthesis, and the basis for host specificity. These molecules are a cardinal example of how microorganisms influence plant development and stimulate speculation that they have identified a previously un known aspect of plant hormone activity. Chapter 2 continues the discussion of Rhizobium by considering the trafficking of carbon and nitrogen in nodules. Al though the ostensible advantage of nodules to plants is the fixation of atmos pheric nitrogen, the actual process involved in supplying reduced nitrogen to the plant host is complex.
Download or read book Plant Relationships written by Holger B. Deising and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-07 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the first edition of "The Mycota Vol. V – Plant Relationships" in 1997, tremendous advances in fungal molecular biology and biochemistry have taken place; and both light and electron microscopical techniques have improved considerably. These new insights led to a better understanding of the relationships between fungi and plants; and a completely revised new edition of Plant Relationships could be produced, providing an up-to-date overview on mutualistic and pathogenic interactions. In 18 chapters internationally acknowledged authors present reviews on fungal lifestyles, mechanisms of their interactions with their host plants, signal perception and transduction, and plant defense responses directed against attack by fungal pathogens. Highlighting the recent developments in fungus-plant interactions, this volume is indispensable for researchers, lecturers and students in microbiology, mycology and plant sciences, including plant pathology.
Download or read book Methods in Rhizosphere Biology Research written by Didier Reinhardt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-29 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book compiles various methodologies used in understanding interactions within the rhizosphere. An in-depth understanding of the rhizosphere is essential to developing successful strategies for future sustainable agriculture. The book summarizes methods and techniques used to study the mechanisms involved in mutualistic symbioses and pathogenic interactions of plants with various microbial organisms including fungi, bacteria, and oomycetes. Each chapter discusses different methodologies used in rhizosphere biology, while also providing real-world experimental data and trouble-shooting tips. Interested researchers will also find a wealth of literature references for further research. As the first comprehensive manual and compilation of methods and techniques used in rhizosphere biology, the book represents an essential resource for all researchers who are newcomers to soil microbiology experimentation.
Download or read book Fungal Pathology written by J.W. Kronstad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together twelve chapters on fungal pathogens with the goal of presenting an overview of the current areas of activity and the common themes that pervade research on these important organisms. The timing of the book is appropriate because we have gained sufficient insight from molecular genetic analyses to begin to make some comparisons between different fungal pathogens and to discuss the key advances that have been made. The chapters provide a broad survey of the important topics in fungal pathogenesis including morphogenesis, virulence, avirulence, and signaling. The reader also will fmd clear discussions of parasitism, mutualism, symbiosis, evolution, phylogeny and ecology for those fungi where these issues are especially important. Finally, many of the chapters in this book illustrate the fact that we are on the verge of a revolution in our understanding of fungal pathogens because of the application of genomics to these organisms and their hosts. The fungi included in this book represent many of the most intensively investigated fungal pathogens of plants; in this regard, a chapter is also included for pathogens in the Phytophthora group, even though these organisms are no longer classified as fungi. It is appropriate to include Phytophthora for historical reasons and, in addition, the insights in terms of pathogenesis and host-specific interactions are important to keep in mind when considering fungal pathogens. Chapters are also included on pathogens of insects and humans, as well as endophytic fungi.
Download or read book Mycorrhiza Function Diversity State of the Art written by Ajit Varma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the fourth updated and revised edition of a well-received book that emphasises on fungal diversity, plant productivity and sustainability. It contains new chapters written by leading experts in the field. This book is an up-to-date overview of current progress in mycorrhiza and association with plant productivity and environmental sustainability. The result is a must hands-on guide, ideally suited for agri-biotechnology, soil biology, fungal biology including mycorrrhiza and stress management, academia and researchers. The topic of this book is particularly relevant to researchers involved in mycorrhiza, especially to food security and environmental protection. Mycorrhizas are symbioses between fungi and the roots of higher plants. As more than 90% of all known species of plants have the potential to form mycorrhizal associations, the productivity and species composition and the diversity of natural ecosystems are frequently dependent upon the presence and activity of mycorrhizas. The biotechnological application of mycorrhizas is expected to promote the production of food while maintaining ecologically and economically sustainable production systems.
Download or read book Comprehensive and Molecular Phytopathology written by Yuri Dyakov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-01-09 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a collection of information on successive steps of molecular ‘dialogue’ between plants and pathogens. It additionally presents data that reflects intrinsic logic of plant-parasite interactions. New findings discussed include: host and non-host resistance, specific and nonspecific elicitors, elicitors and suppressors, and plant and animal immunity. This book enables the reader to understand how to promote or prevent disease development, and allows them to systematize their own ideas of plant-pathogen interactions. * Offers a more extensive scope of the problem as compared to other books in the market* Presents data to allow consideration of host-parasite relationships in dynamics and reveals interrelations between pathogenicity and resistance factors* Discusses beneficial plant-microbe interactions and practical aspects of molecular investigations of plant-parasite relationships* Compares historical study of common and specific features of plant immunity with animal immunity
Download or read book The Fungi written by Michael J. Carlile and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001-01-09 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of The Fungi provides a comprehensive introduction to the importance of fungi in the natural world and in practical applications, from a microbiological perspective.
Download or read book Microbial Interventions in Agriculture and Environment written by Dhananjaya Pratap Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-16 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial communities and their functions play a crucial role in the management of ecological, environmental and agricultural health on the Earth. Microorganisms are the key identified players for plant growth promotion, plant immunization, disease suppression, induced resistance and tolerance against stresses as the indicative parameters of improved crop productivity and sustainable soil health. Beneficial belowground microbial interactions with the rhizosphere help plants mitigate drought and salinity stresses and alleviate water stresses under the unfavorable environmental conditions in the native soils. Microorganisms that are inhabitants of such environmental conditions have potential solutions for them. There are potential microbial communities that can degrade xenobiotic compounds, pesticides and toxic industrial chemicals and help remediate even heavy metals, and thus they find enormous applications in environmental remediation. Microbes have developed intrinsic metabolic capabilities with specific metabolic networks while inhabiting under specific conditions for many generations and, so play a crucial role. The book Microbial Interventions in Agriculture and Environment is an effort to compile and present a great volume of authentic, high-quality, socially-viable, practical and implementable research and technological work on microbial implications. The whole content of the volume covers protocols, methodologies, applications, interactions, role and impact of research and development aspects on microbial interventions and technological outcomes in prospects of agricultural and environmental domain including crop production, plan-soil health management, food & nutrition, nutrient recycling, land reclamation, clean water systems and agro-waste management, biodegradation & bioremediation, biomass to bioenergy, sanitation and rural livelihood security. The covered topics and sub-topics of the microbial domain have high implications for the targeted and wide readership of researchers, students, faculty and scientists working on these areas along with the agri-activists, policymakers, environmentalists, advisors etc. in the Government, industries and non-government level for reference and knowledge generation.
