Download or read book Chemistry of Transition Metal Fluoride Complexes written by Ruqia Nazir and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal fluoride complexes that are extremely sensitive to air and water have been characterized by liquid injection field desorption/ionization (LIFDI) mass spectrometry. Dilute solutions of fluoride complexes of nickel, rhodium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium and ruthenium in toluene and tetrahydrofuran were examined by LIFDI methods on a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. All the spectra of nickel, titanium zirconium and hafnium complexes exhibited the molecular ion as base peak. The ruthenium and rhodium complexes showed loss of HF from the molecular ion as base peaks but the molecular ions were easily detected. Two new nickel fluoride complexes are formed by C-F activation reactions with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-dimethylaminopyridine and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methoxypyridine yielding 3,5,6-trifluoro-4-dimethylaminopyridine nickel fluoride and 3,5,6-trifluoro-4-methoxypyridine nickel fluoride, respectively. The crystal structure of 3,5,6-trifluoro-4-dimethylaminopyridine nickel fluoride shows typical square planar coordination at nickel with an Ni-F distance of 1.8521(9) Å. pentamethylcyclopentadienyl metal difluoride (metal = Ti, Zr, Hf) complexes were synthesized from the reaction corresponding metal dichloride with NaF. N,N-dimethylethylene-1,2-diamine metal difluoride complexes (metal = Zn, Co, Ni) were synthesized from the reaction of metal difluoride with N,N-dimethylethylene-1,2-diamine. Ruthenium difluoride complexes were prepared from the reaction of ruthenium bis bifluoride complexes with TMAF. The compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and LIFDI mass spectrometry. The nickel monofluoride complexes do not provide useful mass spectra by EI or ESI methods. Only the difluoride complexes of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, ruthenium, zinc, cobalt and nickel species showed evidence of the fluoride ligands in the ESI spectra. Collision induced dissociation (CID) was used to investigate the fragmentation pattern of the ions formed in the ESI mass spectrum. It was observed that the ligand attached to the metal has an effect on the fragmentation pattern of complex and the presence of phosphine strengthens the metal fluoride bond. A modified quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to carry out gas phase ion molecule (I-M) reaction of metal ions with liquid and gaseous neutral molecule. Transition metal fluoride complexes did not show evidence of I-M reactions while Re and Mn tricarbonyl complexes have shown 100% conversion to the product. The decay pathway of multiply charged anions (MCAs) of Ti and Zr was also investigated and it was found that these ions decay through ionic fragmentation rather than electron detachment. Hydrogen bonding of pentamethyl cyclopentadienyl difluoride complexes of Ti and Zr with indole and 1,1,1,3,3,3 hexafluoroisopropanol was studied using fluorine NMR spectroscopy. Change in entropy and change in enthalpy were calculated from the equilibrium constant values (K) using Van't Hoff's equation.

Download or read book Chemistry of Tantalum and Niobium Fluoride Compounds written by Anatoly Agulyansky and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-12-13 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic, optical, mechanical and medical appliances are just a few examples of modern applications that use tantalum and niobium. In Chemistry of Tantalum and Niobium Fluoride Compounds, the author draws on thirty years' experience to produce the first ever monograph to systemize and summarize the data available on tantalum and niobium fluoride compounds. This comprehensive reference source offers a rich variety of study methodology and is invaluable to researchers examining the chemistry of fluorides, as well as teachers and students in chemistry and metallurgy.* Collects the latest research on the chemistry of complex fluorides and oxyfluorides of Tantalum and Niobium.* Covers both theory and application of Tantalum and Niobium Fluoride Chemistry* Is suitable for tantalum and niobium producers, researchers studying the chemistry of fluorides, as well as teachers and students in chemistry and metallurgy

Download or read book Fluorocarbene Fluoroalkyl and Fluoride Complexes of First Row Transition Metals written by Graham Mark Lee and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluorinated organic compounds play important roles in our society, as these products range from life-saving pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, to fluoropolymers with extremely high thermal and chemical stability. Although elemental fluorine (F2) is the most reactive element, some fluoro-organic compounds are chemically inert. As such, controlled reactivity of fluorine or highly-fluorinated organic fragments is a considerable, yet important challenge for synthetic chemists. Fluoro-organometallic chemistry has been studied for decades, as researchers attempt to maximize the potential of metal mediated/catalyzed processes for the synthesis of fluorinated organic molecules. Within this framework, metal fluorocarbene complexes are particularly interesting because of their highly tunable reactivity, and are proposed for use in important metathesis/polymerization reactions of perfluorinated alkenes. While considerable work is still needed to make these proposed reactions a reality, this thesis outlines contributions from our research group. We showed that cobalt fluorocarbene complexes CpCo(=CFRF)(PPh2Me) (RF = F, CF3) undergo [2+2] cycloaddition reactions with tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and phenylacetylene to form perfluorometallacyclobutane and partially fluorinated metallacyclobutene products, respectively. For both reactions, computational studies reveal a stepwise ring-closing mechanism, which proceeds through a singlet 1,4-diradical intermediate. Next, the formation of CpCo(=CF2)(L) complexes is achieved via the direct addition of difluorocarbene, generated in situ, to a cobalt(I) precursor. Subsequent addition of CF2 to cobalt fluorocarbene complexes results in [2+1] cycloaddition and formation of perfluorinated alkene complexes. The [2+1] addition is highly favored as the cobalt fluorocarbenes readily react with electrophilic CF2. A series of experiments provide evidence for the stepwise nature of fluoroalkene complex formation. From Co(I) fluorocarbene complexes, the focus shifts to preparing metal fluorocarbenes with electrophilic-type reactivity. The synthesis of bis(perfluoroalkyl) complexes serve as precursors for preparation of perfluoroalkyl cobalt(III) fluorocarbenes, which undergo migratory insertion reactions of the fluorocarbene into the perfluoroalkyl ligand. Using a similar synthetic approach, nickel(II) and palladium(II) difluorocarbene complexes are prepared from their corresponding trifluoromethyl precursors. The synthesis, characterization and reactivity of cobalt(III) fluoride complexes is also described, including the catalytic fluorination of acyl chlorides, demonstrating the first example of a cobalt(III) catalyzed fluorination reaction. The effects of the various ancillary ligands on these cobalt catalysts are investigated using high-throughput experimentation technology, and the scope of the reaction is expanded to include the synthesis of a variety of acyl fluoride compounds. Finally, the results and learnings from this work will be summarized and highlighted. The future directions and novel research which could result from the continuation of these projects is discussed, with an emphasis placed on the areas believed to have the highest potential impact.

Download or read book The Curious World of Fluorinated Molecules written by Konrad Seppelt and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-10-30 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Curious World of Fluorinated Molecules: Molecules Containing Fluorine is the sixth volume in the Progress in Fluorine Science series and is edited by the world-renowned scientist Konrad Seppelt. Dr. Seppelt brings together a team of global experts to uncover the multifaceted nature of the most electronegative element in the Periodic Table. The book explores the fascinating world of unpredictable, fluorine-containing molecules through their discoveries, path to recognition, current state of the art, and impact on the broader fields of fluorinated materials development. This volume will inspire and energize researchers, future scientists, and educators working in fluorine chemistry. - Highlights the current state of fundamental research of fluorinated molecules that either helped to rewrite the fundamental rules of chemistry or impacted modern material technologies - Features contributions from a global team of leading experts in the field - Provides a unique combination of the historical and current examples that explain the unique role that fluorine can play in advancing our understanding of the scientific method at large

Download or read book The Chemistry of Fluorine written by T. A. O'Donnell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-08 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pergamon Texts in Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 5: The Chemistry of Fluorine comprises a series of reviews on the physical and chemical properties of fluorine compounds. This book discusses the general properties of fluorine and fluorides; hydrogen fluoride solvent system; ionization in halogen fluorides; fluorides of main group elements; and chemical reactivity of higher fluorides of d- and f-transition elements. The production of elemental fluorine; acidity of hydrogen fluoride; preparative reactions in halogen fluorides; specificity of fluorination in rare gas reactivity; and bonding and structure in higher transition metal are also elaborated in this text. This publication is intended for chemical engineering students and chemists researching on the characteristics of fluorine and fluorides.

Download or read book Critical Survey of Stability Constants and Related Thermodynamic Data of Fluoride Complexes in Aqueous Solution written by A. M. Bond and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-07 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical Survey of Stability Constants and Related Thermodynamic Data of Fluoride Complexes in Aqueous Solution covers the problems and techniques for measuring fluoride stability constants. This book is composed of two parts encompassing five chapters that describe the general characteristics of fluoride as a ligand, as well as the techniques for measuring fluoride enthalpy. The second part contains tabulations of fluoride's stability constants in aqueous solution.

Download or read book Advanced Inorganic Fluorides Synthesis Characterization and Applications written by T. Nakajima and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-05-12 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes recent progresses in inorganic fluorine chemistry. Highlights include new aspects of inorganic fluorine chemistry, such as new synthetic methods, structures of new fluorides and oxide fluorides, their physical and chemical properties, fluoride catalysts, surface modifications of inorganic materials by fluorination process, new energy conversion materials and industrial applications. Fluorine has quite unique properties (highest electronegativity; very small polarizability). In fact, fluorine is so reactive that it forms fluorides with all elements except with the lightest noble gases helium, neon and argon. Originally, due to its high reactivity, fluoride chemistry faced many technical difficulties and remained undeveloped for many years. Now, however, a large number of fluorine-containing materials are currently produced for practical uses on an industrial scale and their applications are rapidly extending to many fields. Syntheses and structure analyses of thermodynamically unstable high-oxidation-state fluorides have greatly contributed to inorganic chemistry in this decade. Fluoride catalysts and surface modifications using fluorine are developing a new field of fluorine chemistry and will enable new syntheses of various compounds. The research on inorganic fluorides is now contributing to many chemical energy conversion processes such as lithium batteries. Furthermore, new theoretical approaches to determining the electronic structures of fluorine compounds are also progressing. On the industrial front, the use of inorganic fluorine compounds is constantly increasing, for example, in semi-conductor industry. "Advanced Inorganic Fluorides: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications" focuses on these new features in inorganic fluorine chemistry and its industrial applications. The authors are outstanding experts in their fields, and the contents of the book should prove to be of valuable assistance to all chemists, graduates, students and researchers in the field of fluorine chemistry.

Download or read book Advances in the Fluorine Chemistry of Transition Metals and N Heterocyclic Carbenes written by Matthew Leclerc and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of fluorine in a wide array of different areas within chemistry and biochemistry has been demonstrated time and time again. Fluorine-containing products range from essential substituents in pharmaceuticals and relatively long-lived tracers for PET imagining, to fluoropolymers with outstanding properties, to essential components in most of the strongest acids available to chemists today. Fluorine's extreme electronegativity makes it a truly unique element, but its acute toxicity in its elemental F2 form makes it difficult to handle, prompting researchers to explore different options for incorporating this important element into a variety of different molecular scaffolds. Due to the remarkable thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of C-F bonds, methods for forming and breaking these cleanly, and under relatively mild conditions, are in high demand. Fortunately, transition metals have greatly aided in this process. However, fluoroorganometallic chemistry is much less developed than transition metal chemistry involving hydrocarbons, and certainly less understood. One of the primary reasons for this relative dearth of fluoroorganometallic complexes is the difficulty associated with their synthesis. In this work, important steps towards perfluoroalkyl chain-growth within the coordination sphere of a transition metal will be presented, stemming in part from the synthesis and characterization of novel cobalt fluoride and bis(perfluoroalkyl) complexes. As important electrophiles, fluoroalkenes have primarily been used as monomers for the formation of important fluoropolymers. However, their direct reactivity with organics remains rare and is usually difficult to control, with limited substrate scopes. Herein, the formation of stable N-heterocyclic fluoroalkene adducts as versatile synthons for the incorporation of fluoroalkene fragments into various chemical environments will be introduced. By forming these adducts, the inconvenience of manipulating fluorinated gases in further reactions can be avoided, and the N-heterocyclic fragment is shown to aid in directing substitutions involving polyfluoroalkenyl imidazolium salts and organic nucleophiles to form a variety of C-E (E = C, N, O, S) and C-M bonds (M = Mn, Mo). The ease with which C-F bonds are manipulated in these systems is quite remarkable, as the substitution reactions occur cleanly and efficiently at room temperature, to form a variety of new bonds without the need for a transition metal. By expanding on the fundamental reactivity between N-heterocyclic carbenes and fluoroalkenes, attempts were made to correlate the observed reactivity with certain electronic and steric parameters unique to the utilized carbenes. Although a correlation has not yet been established, the effects of atypical steric constraints in a cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene were demonstrated, wherein the initial point of attack by the carbene on the fluoroalkene was modified. It is hoped that this work will eventually lead to new roles for organocatalysts in fluoroalkene transformations.

Download or read book The Chemistry of Fluorine and Its Compounds written by H. J. Emeléus and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of Fluorine and Its Compounds is an expanded and updated treatment of the material presented in a series of five lectures given by Professor Emeleus while in residence at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in November and December, 1966. This book is one of a series of monographs made possible by a Science Center Development Grant from the National Science Foundation that enabled the Institute's Department of Chemistry to establish a Distinguished Visiting Lectureship that is held successively by a number of eminent chemists, each of whom has played a leading part in the development of some important area of chemical research. The book opens with an introductory chapter on the chemistry of fluorine. This is followed by separate chapters on halogen fluorides, oxygen fluorides, hypofluorites, fluorides of Group III, carbon fluorides; and perfluoro organometallic compounds fluorides of silicon, germanium, tin, and lead. Subsequent chapters deal with fluorides of nitrogen and related compounds; fluorides of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth; and fluorides of sulfur, selenium, and tellurium.

Download or read book The Heavy Transition Elements written by S. A. Cotton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1975 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Chemistry of Organogold Compounds 2 Volume Set written by Zvi Rappoport and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 1158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book in the PATAI Series was published in 1964 and the Series will celebrate its 50th Anniversary in 2014. This "Golden Jubilee" is accompanied by the publication of the first volume on the chemistry of organogold. In the history of the PATAI Series there was, so far, no volume dedicated to gold alone. In 1999 we published a volume on The Chemistry of Gold and Silver Compounds. Since then a lot of new chemistry using gold has been developed and it is timely to focus a volume on methods and applications of organogold compounds in organic synthesis, reflecting the enormous progress which has been made in the use of gold compounds as reagents and catalysts. A second area of great importance covered in the book is the use of gold surfaces in the synthesis of peptides, proteins and other natural products. A whole range of applications in the area of biochemistry has resulted from these developments. A third area of interest is the synthesis and engineering of nanostructures, where organogold chemistry has opened the door for a wide range of methods and applications in the field of nanoscience and materials science. As with all new volumes, the chapters are first published online in Patai's Chemistry of Functional Groups. Once a volume is completed online, it is then published in print format. The printed book offers the traditional quality of the Patai Book Series, complete with an extensive index.

Download or read book The Oxidation of Oxygen and Related Chemistry written by Neil Bartlett and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The selected papers in this invaluable volume are arranged in chapters, each with an introductory essay. The purpose of the arrangement is to illustrate the process of scientific discovery at work. Neil Bartlett''s field is that of powerful oxidizers. The early chapters tell the story of the oxidation of the oxygen molecule and the discovery of xenon chemistry. His work in noble-gas chemistry is summarized. Succeeding chapters show how metastable fluorides such as AgF 3 and NiF 4 came to be prepared at ordinary temperatures and pressures, and how they have provided the most potent oxidizers and fluorinators ever prepared. Contents: The Discovery of O 2 PtF 6 and some O + 2 Chemistry; XePtF 6 and other Xenon Chemistry; The Xenon Fluorides and Their Complexes; The Xenon Fluorosulfates and Related Compounds; Oxidation-State Limits, and Range in the Noble-Metal Fluorides; Structural Features of Binary Transition-Element Fluorides; Thermodynamically Unstable Transition-Element Fluorides; Chemistry in Liquid Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride (aHF); Some Thermodynamic Considerations; Graphite Intercalation and Evidence for a Thermodynamic Barrier. Readership: Chemists and inorganic chemists.

Download or read book The Chemistry of Fluorine and Its Compounds written by Harry Julius Emeléus and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inorganic Solid Fluorides written by Paul Hagenmuller and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inorganic Solid Fluorides: Chemistry and Physics deals with the chemical and physical properties of inorganic solid fluorides and covers topics ranging from methods used in the preparation of fluorides to the crystal chemistry of fluorides and transition metal oxyfluorides. Defects in solid fluorides are also discussed, along with fluorine intercalation compounds of graphite and high oxidation states in fluorine chemistry. This book is comprised of 21 chapters and begins with an overview of general trends related to fluorides, including bonding problems and economic implications of fluorides.

Download or read book Machine Learning in Chemistry written by Jon Paul Janet and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in machine learning or artificial intelligence for vision and natural language processing that have enabled the development of new technologies such as personal assistants or self-driving cars have brought machine learning and artificial intelligence to the forefront of popular culture. The accumulation of these algorithmic advances along with the increasing availability of large data sets and readily available high performance computing has played an important role in bringing machine learning applications to such a wide range of disciplines. Given the emphasis in the chemical sciences on the relationship between structure and function, whether in biochemistry or in materials chemistry, adoption of machine learning by chemistsderivations where they are important

Download or read book Organometallic Fluorine Chemistry written by Thomas Braun and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-05 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Topics in Organometallic Chemistry presents critical overviews of research results in organometallic chemistry. As our understanding of organometallic structure, properties and mechanisms increases, new ways are opened for the design of organometallic compounds and reactions tailored to the needs of such diverse areas as organic synthesis, medical research, biology and materials science. Thus the scope of coverage includes a broad range of topics in pure and applied organometallic chemistry, where new breakthroughs are being achieved that are of significance to a larger scientific audience. The individual volumes of Topics in Organometallic Chemistry are thematic. Review articles are generally invited by the volume editors.

Download or read book Photonic and Electronic Properties of Fluoride Materials written by Alain Tressaud and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-03-15 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photonic and Electronic Properties of Fluoride Materials: Progress in Fluorine Science, the first volume in this new Elsevier series, provides an overview of the important optical, magnetic, and non-linear properties of fluoride materials. Beginning with a brief review of relevant synthesis methods from single crystals to nanopowders, this volume offers valuable insight for inorganic chemistry and materials science researchers. Edited and written by leaders in the field, this book explores the practical aspects of working with these materials, presenting a large number of examples from inorganic fluorides in which the type of bonding occurring between fluorine and transition metals (either d- or 4f-series) give rise to peculiar properties in many fundamental and applicative domains. This one-of-a-kind resource also includes several chapters covering functional organic fluorides used in nano-electronics, in particular in liquid crystal devices, in organic light-emitting diodes, or in organic dyes for sensitized solar cells. The book describes major advances and breakthroughs achieved by the use of fluoride materials in important domains such as superconductivity, luminescence, laser properties, multiferroism, transport properties, and more recently, in fluoro-perovskite for dye-sensitized solar cells and inorganic fluoride materials for NLO, and supports future development in these varied and key areas. The book is edited by Alain Tressaud, past chair and founder of the CNRS French Fluorine Network. Each book in the collection includes the work of highly-respected volume editors and contributors from both academia and industry to bring valuable and varied content to this active field. Provides unique coverage of the physical properties of fluoride materials for chemists and material scientists Begins with a brief review of relevant synthesis methods from single crystals to nanopowders Includes valuable information about functional organic fluorides used in nano-electronics, in particular in liquid crystal devices, in organic light-emitting diodes, or in organic dyes for sensitized solar cells