Download or read book Chemiluminescence and Ignition Delay Time Measurements of C9H20 Oxidation in O2 Ar Behind Reflected Shock Waves written by Brandon Rotavera and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stemming from a continuing demand for fuel surrogates, composed of only a few species, combustion of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons (>C5) is of scientific interest due to their abundance in petroleum-based fuels, which contain hundreds of different hydrocarbon species, used for military, aviation, and transportation applications. Fuel surrogate development involves the use of a few hydrocarbon species to replicate the physical, chemical, combustion, and ignition properties of multi-component petroleum-based fuels, enabling fundamental studies to be performed in a more controlled manner. Of particular interest are straight-chained, saturated hydrocarbons (n-alkanes) due to the high concentration of these species in diesel and jet fuels. Prior to integrating a particular hydrocarbon into a surrogate fuel formulation, its individual properties are to be precisely known. n-Nonane (n- C9H20) is found in diesel and aviation fuels, and its combustion properties have received only minimal consideration. The present work involves first measurements of n- C9H20 oxidation in oxygen (O2) and argon (Ar), which were performed under dilute conditions at three levels of equivalence ratio ([phi] = 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) and fixed pressure near 1.5 atm using a shock tube. Utilizing shock waves, high-temperature, fixed-pressure conditions are created within which the fuel reacts, where temperature and pressure are calculated using 1D shock theory and measurement of shock velocity. Of interest were measurements of ignition times and species time-histories of the hydroxyl (OH*) radical intermediate. A salient pre-ignition feature was observed in fuel-lean, stoichiometric, and fuel-rich OH* species profiles. The feature at each equivalence ratio was observed above 1400 K with the time-of-initiation (post reflected-shock) showing dependence on phi as the initiation time shortened with increasing phi. Relative percentage calculations reveal that the fuel-rich condition produces the largest quantity of pre-ignition OH*. Ignition delay time measurements and corresponding activation energy calculations show that the [phi] = 1.0 mixture was the most reactive, while the [phi] = 0.5 condition was least reactive.
Download or read book 28th International Symposium on Shock Waves written by Konstantinos Kontis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-14 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The University of Manchester hosted the 28th International Symposium on Shock Waves between 17 and 22 July 2011. The International Symposium on Shock Waves first took place in 1957 in Boston and has since become an internationally acclaimed series of meetings for the wider Shock Wave Community. The ISSW28 focused on the following areas: Blast Waves, Chemically Reacting Flows, Dense Gases and Rarefied Flows, Detonation and Combustion, Diagnostics, Facilities, Flow Visualisation, Hypersonic Flow, Ignition, Impact and Compaction, Multiphase Flow, Nozzle Flow, Numerical Methods, Propulsion, Richtmyer-Meshkov, Shockwave Boundary Layer Interaction, Shock Propagation and Reflection, Shock Vortex Interaction, Shockwave Phenomena and Applications, as well as Medical and Biological Applications. The two Volumes contain the papers presented at the symposium and serve as a reference for the participants of the ISSW 28 and individuals interested in these fields.
Download or read book Ignition of Mixtures of SiH4 CH4 O2 and Ar Or N2 Behind Reflected Shock Waves written by Allen G. McLain and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Shock Tube Study of the H2 O2 CO Ar and H2 N2O CO Ar Systems written by Anthony M. Dean and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emissions at 450 nm and 4.27 micrometers have been measured when a variety of mixtures containing H2, CO, either O2 or N2O, and Ar were heated behind reflected shock waves to temperatures of 2000-2850 K and total concentrations near 5 x 10 to the 18th power molecule/cc. These emissions were used to obtain absolute concentration - time data for both oxygen atoms and carbon dioxide. The data were then compared to the results of numerical integrations of the likely mechanisms. It was observed that quantitative agreement between calculations and observations were obtained for the H2/CO/O2/Ar system using recent high temperature literature rate constants. For the H2/CO/N2O/Ar system, the rate constant for the reaction: H + N2O yields N2 + OH was adjusted so as to fit the data. Here it was found that a good fit to both (O) and (CO2) profiles could be achieved with k = 3 x 10 to the -9th power exp( -113kJ/RT) cc/molecule. Comparison to data at lower temperatures suggests that this might be another example of a 'Non-Arrhenius' rate constant. The implications of these results to studies of hydrocarbon oxidation are discussed. (Author).
Download or read book Shock Initiated Ignition of Ethane Oxygen Argon Mixtures written by Alexander Burcat and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed study was made of ignition delay times in ethane-oxygen-argon mixtures behind a reflected shock wave as indicated by pressure and light emission observation. Measured induction times ranged from 20-600 microsec over a temperature interval of 1235 - 1660K and associated pressures of from 2-8 atm. To elucidate composition effects, the equivalence ratio of the test mixture were varied from 0.5 - 2.0 in approximately 95% dilution with argon. (Author).
Download or read book Shock Initiated Ignition in Heptane Oxygen Argon Mixtures written by Alexander Burcat and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ignition of heptane in mixtures containing oxygen and argon was studied behind reflected shock waves in 56 mm i.d. and 26 mm i.d. single-pulse shock tubes. The measurements covered the temperature range 1100-1700 K and reflected shock pressures varying from 2 to 12 atmospheres.
Download or read book Direct Measurements of O Atom Reactions with HCN and C2H2 Behind Shock Waves written by P. Roth and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High temperature reactions of O-atoms with HCN and C2H2 have been studied behind reflected shock waves in the temperature range 1500 K
Download or read book Explosive Mechanism of the H2 O2 Reaction Near the Second Ignition Limit written by Arthur Cohen and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation of the H2-O2 explosion behind reflected shocks was performed under conditions of low temperature and high pressure. Simultaneous measurements of pressure, UV light transmission, and schlieren streak photographs of the shock reflection-reaction wave formation process were made. Pressure spikes, emission, and absorption maxima were observed at times which correspond to the initiation of the reaction wave. The delay to the initial UV absorption was between 70 and 90 percent of the reaction wave delay. Contrary to what has previously been reported, the pressure and temperature dependence of the delays to initial absorption and to the initiation of the reaction wave did not differ. The analysis used by Voevodski and Soloukhin for calculating reaction wave delays in undiluted H2-O2 mixtures gave good agreement with experiments in both Ar-diluted and undiluted mixtures. The apparent failure of the analysis at the lowest temperatures is attributed to limitations on shock tube test time. (Author).
Download or read book Shock Tube Ignition Time Measurements for N heptane O2 Ar and JP 10 O2 Ar Mixtures written by D. F. Davidson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mathematical Modelling of Gas Phase Complex Reaction Systems Pyrolysis and Combustion written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-06-21 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical Modelling of Gas-Phase Complex Reaction Systems: Pyrolysis and Combustion, Volume 45, gives an overview of the different steps involved in the development and application of detailed kinetic mechanisms, mainly relating to pyrolysis and combustion processes. The book is divided into two parts that cover the chemistry and kinetic models and then the numerical and statistical methods. It offers a comprehensive coverage of the theory and tools needed, along with the steps necessary for practical and industrial applications. Details thermochemical properties and "ab initio" calculations of elementary reaction rates Details kinetic mechanisms of pyrolysis and combustion processes Explains experimental data for improving reaction models and for kinetic mechanisms assessment Describes surrogate fuels and molecular reconstruction of hydrocarbon liquid mixtures Describes pollutant formation in combustion systems Solves and validates the kinetic mechanisms using numerical and statistical methods Outlines optimal design of industrial burners and optimization and dynamic control of pyrolysis furnaces Outlines large eddy simulation of turbulent reacting flows
Download or read book Instrumentation for Process Measurement and Control Third Editon written by Norman A. Anderson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-10-22 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The perennially bestselling third edition of Norman A. Anderson's Instrumentation for Process Measurement and Control provides an outstanding and practical reference for both students and practitioners. It introduces the fields of process measurement and feedback control and bridges the gap between basic technology and more sophisticated systems. Keeping mathematics to a minimum, the material meets the needs of the instrumentation engineer or technician who must learn how equipment operates. I t covers pneumatic and electronic control systems, actuators and valves, control loop adjustment, combination control systems, and process computers and simulation
Download or read book Industrial Instrumentation Fundamentals written by Fribance A E. and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lessons in Industrial Instrumentation 1 3 written by Tony R. Kuphaldt and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 1186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everything you can learn about the practical automation at one place.
Download or read book Applied Instrumentation in the Process Industries written by William G. Andrew and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Summation of Infinitesimal Quantities written by Isidor Pavlovich Natanson and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Industrial Instrumentation written by and published by New Age International. This book was released on 2005 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book Has Been Designed As A Textbook For The Students Of Electronics Instrumentation And Control Engineering Courses Offered In Technical Universities All Over India And In Particular The Anna University, Chennai. The Topics Mainly Cover The Type Of Instruments For The Measurements And Control Of Process Variables In Various Industries.The Book Is An Outcome Of One Of The Authors' Vast Industrial Experience And His Academic Eminence. The Book Contains 7 Chapters In All. Chapter 1 Describes The Basic Concepts Of Temperature And Temperature Measuring Instruments. Chapter 2 Covers All Possible Types Of Pressure Detectors. Chapter 3 Gives Fundamentals Of Force, Torque And Velocity Whereas The Chapter 4 Is Devoted For Acceleration, Vibration And Density Measurements. While Chapter 5 Dealing With Complete Range Of Flow Meters. Chapter 6 Covers All Types Of Level Measurements. The Last Chapter 7 Describes The Basic Concepts With Reference To Measurements Of Viscosity, Humidity And Moisture.The Book Would Serve As An Extremely Useful Text For Electronics And Instrumentation Students And As A Reference For The Students Of Other Branches. In Addition, It Will Serve As A Reference Book For The Professionals In Instrumentation Field In Various Industries.
Download or read book An Introduction to Game Theoretic Modelling written by Mike Mesterton-Gibbons and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an introduction to game theory and applications with an emphasis on self-discovery from the perspective of a mathematical modeller. The book deals in a unified manner with the central concepts of both classical and evolutionary game theory. The key ideas are illustrated throughout by a wide variety of well-chosen examples of both human and non-human behavior, including car pooling, price fixing, food sharing, sex allocation and competition for territories or oviposition sites. There are numerous exercises with solutions.
