Download or read book Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging written by Michael T. McMahon and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first textbook dedicated to CEST imaging and covers the fundamental principles of saturation transfer, key features of CEST agents that enable the production of imaging contrast, and practical aspects of preparing image-acquisition and post-processing schemes suited for in vivo applications. CEST is a powerful MRI contrast mechanism with unique features, and the rapid expansion it has seen over the past 15 years since its original discovery in 2000 has created a need for a graduate-level handbook describing all aspects of pre-clinical, translational, and clinical CEST imaging. The book provides an illustrated historical perspective by leaders at the five key sites who developed CEST imaging, from the initial saturation transfer NMR experiments performed in the 1960s in Stockholm, Sweden, described by Sture Forsén, to the work on integrating the basic principles of CEST into imaging by Robert Balaban, Dean Sherry, Silvio Aime, and Peter van Zijl in the United States and Italy. The editors, Drs. Michael T. McMahon, Assaf A. Gilad, Jeff W. M. Bulte, and Peter C. M. van Zijl, have been pioneers developing this field at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Kennedy Krieger Institute including contributions to Nature Medicine, Nature Biotechnology, Nature Materials, and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. As recognition for their initial development of the field, Drs. van Zijl and Balaban were awarded the Laukien Prize in April 2016, established in 1999 to honor the memory of Professor Gunther Laukien, a co-founder of Bruker Biospin GmbH.

Download or read book Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Methods for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Robert Casper Brand and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Basics of Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer CEST Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Kenya Murase and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is one of the contrast mechanisms in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and has been used to detect dilute proteins through the interaction between bulk water and labile solute protons. Amide proton transfer (APT) MRI has been developed for imaging diseases such as acute stroke. Moreover, various CEST agents have been explored to enhance the CEST effect. The contrast mechanism of CEST or APT MRI, however, is complex and depends not only on the concentration of amide protons or CEST agents and exchange properties, but also varies with imaging parameters such as radiofrequency (RF) power and magnetic field strength. When there are multiple exchangeable pools within a single CEST system, the contrast mechanism of CEST becomes even more complex. Numerical simulations are useful and effective for analyzing the complex contrast mechanism of CEST and for investigating the optimal imaging parameter values. In this chapter, we present the basics of CEST or APT MRI and a simple and fast numerical method for solving the time-dependent Bloch-McConnell equations for analyzing the behavior of magnetization and/or contrast mechanism in CEST or APT MRI. We also present a method for analyzing the behavior of magnetization in spin-locking CEST MRI.

Download or read book SIMULTANEOUS ARTIFACTS CORRECTION AND ACCELERATION FOR CHEMICAL EXCHANGE SATURATION TRANSFER IMAGING VIA DEEP LEARNING written by Yiran Li and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a novel technology for precise diagnosis of various diseases using either endogenous molecules or exogenous administered contrast agents. CEST MRI methods rely on molecular signal saturation through radiofrequency pulses with the same frequency as a prescribed molecule (e.g., glutamate) to be measured in a magnetic field. Because the background signal from water modular is generally greater than the signal from the prescribed molecular by several orders of magnitude, there are many different types of molecules with similar magnetic frequency to be applied in CEST MRI. However, any offset from the desired frequency will produce large discrepancies due to the reduction of the background signal saturation. Current practice relies on acquiring extensive data at intentionally changed saturation frequencies and estimating the desired signal through data interpolation. This method is effective, but takes long acquisition time, making it impractical for clinical applications. To address this challenge, I developed CEST MRI methods to achieve the following two goals: 1) to accelerate the acquisition time; and 2) to increase the CEST contrast quantification quality. As the in-vivo MR environment is highly complicated and difficult to model accurately, I proposed to use deep learning (DL) to achieve these two goals. Three different methods are proposed to improve the procedure of CEST MRI: 1) a deep learning-based Glutamate CEST imaging B0-inhomogeneity correction method (DL-B0GluCEST) to accelerate the total scan time; 2) an improved DL-B0GluCEST method using data acquired from the downfield Z-spectrum only; 3) two deep learning-based methods for estimating B0 inhomogeneities from fewer calibration data. In contrast to currently practiced methods, my CEST methods are believing to be the first-of-its-kind CEST MRI methods utilizing deep learning approaches. More importantly, in my demonstrated applications, three proposed deep learning-based methods showed CEST contrast quantification quality improvement while significantly reducing CEST acquisition time by over 60%, 80%, and 80%, respectively.

Download or read book Contrast Agents for MRI written by Valérie C Pierre and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-11-09 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a practical reference guide for designing and performing experiments, this book focuses on the five most common classes of contrast agents for MRI namely gadolinium complexes, chemical exchange saturation transfer agents, iron oxide nanoparticles, manganese complexes and fluorine contrast agents. It describes how to characterize and evaluate them and for each class, a description of the theory behind their mechanisms is discussed briefly to orient the new reader. Detailed subchapters discuss the different physical chemistry methods used to characterize them in terms of their efficacy, safety and in vivo behavior. Important consideration is also given to the different physical properties that affect the performance of the contrast agents. The editors and contributors are at the forefront of research in the field of MRI contrast agents and this unique, cutting edge book is a timely addition to the literature in this area.

Download or read book The Chemistry of Contrast Agents in Medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Andre S. Merbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-19 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most important tools in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. The number of MRI scanners operating around the world is estimated to be approximately 20,000, and the development of contrast agents, currently used in about a third of the 50 million clinical MRI examinations performed every year, has largely contributed to this significant achievement. This completely revised and extended second edition: Includes new chapters on targeted, responsive, PARACEST and nanoparticle MRI contrast agents. Covers the basic chemistries, MR physics and the most important techniques used by chemists in the characterization of MRI agents from every angle from synthesis to safety considerations. Is written for all of those involved in the development and application of contrast agents in MRI. Presented in colour, it provides readers with true representation and easy interpretation of the images. A word from the Authors: Twelve years after the first edition published, we are convinced that the chemistry of MRI agents has a bright future. By assembling all important information on the design principles and functioning of magnetic resonance imaging probes, this book intends to be a useful tool for both experts and newcomers in the field. We hope that it helps inspire further work in order to create more efficient and specific imaging probes that will allow materializing the dream of seeing even deeper and better inside the living organisms. Reviews of the First Edition: "...attempts, for the first time, to review the whole spectrum of involved chemical disciplines in this technique..."—Journal of the American Chemical Society "...well balanced in its scope and attention to detail...a valuable addition to the library of MR scientists..."—NMR in Biomedicine

Download or read book Methods for Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Rachel Nora Scheidegger and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a relatively new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition technique that generates contrast dependent on tissue microenvironment, such as protein concentration and intracellular pH. CEST imaging has the potential to become an important biomarker in a wide range of disorders. As an indicator of tissue pH, CEST imaging may allow the identification of the ischemic penumbra in stroke, and predict chemo- and radiation therapy outcomes in cancer. As a marker of protein concentration, CEST may be able to delineate tumor margins without contrast enhancement, identify disease onset in Alzheimer's disease, and monitor cartilage repair therapies. Despite several promising pilot studies, CEST imaging has had limited clinical application due to two main technical challenges. First, CEST imaging is extremely sensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneity. Images suffer from large susceptibility artifacts unless specialized BO inhomogeneity correction methods are employed that tremendously increase scan time. Second, the CEST contrast cannot be separated from the intrinsic macromolecular magnetization transfer (MT) asymmetry and brain images reflect the MT properties of white and gray matter rather than the desired protein and pH contrast. We have developed a novel CEST imaging acquisition scheme, dubbed saturation with frequency alternating RF irradiation (SAFARI), designed to be insensitive to Bo inhomogeneity and MT asymmetry. Studies in healthy volunteers demonstrate that SAFARI is robust in the presence of BO inhomogeneity and eliminates the need for specialized BO correction, thereby reducing scan time. In addition, results show that SAFARI removes the confounding MT asymmetry. We applied SAFARI imaging towards the study of the saturation transfer contrast in patients with high grade glioma. Results show that the contrast in brain tumors, which was previously attributed to an increase in the CEST signal from amide protons due to an elevated protein concentration, is instead the result of the loss of MT asymmetry found in the normal brain. Therefore, our work has lead to a new understanding of the different sources of signal in saturation transfer images of the brain with important implications for the design and analysis of future CEST studies of brain tumors.

Download or read book Measurement of PH Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Kevin Ray and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book MRI from Picture to Proton written by Donald W. McRobbie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-13 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MR is a powerful modality. At its most advanced, it can be used not just to image anatomy and pathology, but to investigate organ function, to probe in vivo chemistry, and even to visualise the brain thinking. However, clinicians, technologists and scientists struggle with the study of the subject. The result is sometimes an obscurity of understanding, or a dilution of scientific truth, resulting in misconceptions. This is why MRI from Picture to Proton has achieved its reputation for practical clarity. MR is introduced as a tool, with coverage starting from the images, equipment and scanning protocols and traced back towards the underlying physics theory. With new content on quantitative MRI, MR safety, multi-band excitation, Dixon imaging, MR elastography and advanced pulse sequences, and with additional supportive materials available on the book's website, this new edition is completely revised and updated to reflect the best use of modern MR technology.

Download or read book Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer CEST A Metabolic Imaging Technique Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI written by Zhengwei Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is an emerging MR imaging technique that is sensitive to the metabolite accumulation/loss. This technique selectively saturates the exchangeable protons in certain molecules. After exchange with water protons, the saturation can be detected by the change of water signal. The primary focus of the work in this dissertation is to make the current CEST techniques clinically translatable and address the challenges for cardiac and lumbar spine applications. CEST imaging has been applied in the heart for creatine mapping because cardiac dysfunction was linked to loss of metabolites in the creatine kinase system. Validation studies were performed in chronic myocardial infarction animal model using late gadolinium enhancement as reference. It is shown that the infarct region has lower CEST signal compared to remote myocardium. Spatially, the hypointense regions in the CEST contrast maps closely match the bright areas in the LGE images. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the leading causes of chronic low back pain. Previous studies associated low pH as the leading cause of discogenic low back pain in degenerate IVDs. We proposed a quantitative CEST (qCEST) imaging protocol for pH assessment in the IVD. It is shown in animal studies that the exchange rate measured from qCEST technique is correlated with the direct pH measurement using tissue pH-meter. In addition, gene analysis of harvested degenerated IVDs revealed strong positive correlation between up-regulation of pain markers and increase in qCEST signal. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that this approach can be used to measure pH in vivo within the IVD and has the potential to be used as a novel non-invasive method for the diagnosis of discogenic pain. CEST fingerprinting framework was proposed to further improve CEST quantification. This is inspired by the magnetic resonance fingerprinting concept where the signal generated using randomized sequence parameters will be matched directly to a pre-defined dictionary instead of using a repeated, serial acquisition of data to fit to a particular equation. CEST fingerprinting utilizes CEST saturation with varying saturation power B1 amplitude and saturation time to create uniqueness of signal evolution for different exchange rates. Phantom studies demonstrated that CEST fingerprinting was more efficient (5x faster) compared to pulsed qCEST because there is no need for long saturation time and long TR. It is also shown that the proposed CEST fingerprinting technique can quantify exchange rate more accurately in the presence of MT effects. In summary, with the technical improvements proposed in this dissertation, CEST imaging can be performed more efficiently and more accurately. These techniques can be potentially translated into clinical studies.

Download or read book Metal Ions in Bio Imaging Techniques written by Astrid Sigel and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 22, entitled Metal Ions in Bio-Imaging Techniques, of the series Metal Ions in Life Sciences deals with metal ions as tools in imaging. This dates back to the first half of the past century, when barium sulfate was orally given to patients undergoing X-ray examination. The use of contrast agents has since developed into a large interdisciplinary field encompassing not only medicine, but also chemistry, material sciences, physics, biology, engineering, and computer sciences. MILS-22 provides deep and current insights in 17 stimulating chapters on the new research frontiers of this fast growing field on bio-imaging ... and beyond. For example, adding bio-sensing yields theranostic agents, meaning diagnosis and therapy linked in the same molecule; ions of Gd, Mn, Fe, Co, Ir, 99mTc, etc., are involved. Other important topics are, e.g., metal complexes in paramagnetic Chemical Exchange Transfer (paraCEST), radiometals for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging, or paramagnetic metal ion probes for 19F magnetic resonance imaging. MILS-22 is written by 57 internationally recognized experts from 12 countries, that is, from the US via Europe to China. The impact of this vibrant research area is manifested by more than 2300 references and nearly 120 figures, mostly in color, and several informative tables. To conclude, Metal Ions in Bio-Imaging Techniques is an essential resource for scientists working in the wide range from material sciences, enzymology, analytic, organic, and inorganic biochemistry all the way through to medicine including the clinic ... not forgetting that also excellent information for teaching is provided.

Download or read book Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Nicole Seiberlich and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 1094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a ‘go-to’ reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: The basic physics behind tissue property mapping How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor maps and more complex representations of diffusion How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs Structured to cater for MRI researchers and graduate students with a wide variety of backgrounds Explains basic methods for quantitatively measuring tissue properties with MRI - including T1, T2, perfusion, diffusion, fat and iron fraction, elastography, flow, susceptibility - enabling the implementation of pulse sequences to perform measurements Shows the limitations of the techniques and explains the challenges to the clinical adoption of these traditional methods, presenting the latest research in rapid quantitative imaging which has the possibility to tackle these challenges Each section contains a chapter explaining the basics of novel ideas for quantitative mapping, such as compressed sensing and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting-based approaches

Download or read book Functional Neuroradiology written by Scott H. Faro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 1015 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional Neuroradiology: Principles and Clinical Applications, is a follow-up to Faro and Mohamed’s groundbreaking work, Functional (BOLD)MRI: Basic Principles and Clinical Applications. This new 49 chapter textbook is comprehensive and offers a complete introduction to the state-of-the-art functional imaging in Neuroradiology, including the physical principles and clinical applications of Diffusion, Perfusion, Permeability, MR spectroscopy, Positron Emission Tomography, BOLD fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging. With chapters written by internationally distinguished neuroradiologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, cognitive neuroscientists, and physicists, Functional Neuroradiology is divided into 9 major sections, including: Physical principles of all key functional techniques, Lesion characterization using Diffusion, Perfusion, Permeability, MR spectroscopy, and Positron Emission Tomography, an overview of BOLD fMRI physical principles and key concepts, including scanning methodologies, experimental research design, data analysis, and functional connectivity, Eloquent Cortex and White matter localization using BOLD fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Clinical applications of BOLD fMRI in Neurosurgery, Neurology, Psychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Neuropharmacology, Multi-modality functional Neuroradiology, Beyond Proton Imaging, Functional spine and CSF imaging, a full-color Neuroanatomical Brain atlas of eloquent cortex and key white matter tracts and BOLD fMRI paradigms. By offering readers a complete overview of functional imaging modalities and techniques currently used in patient diagnosis and management, as well as emerging technology, Functional Neuroradiology is a vital information source for physicians and cognitive neuroscientists involved in daily practice and research.

Download or read book High Resolution Neuroimaging written by Ahmet Mesrur Halefoğlu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-03-14 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Ahmet Mesrur Halefoğlu mostly deals with research fields in body imaging and neuroradiology with multidetector computed tomography and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. He has served as postdoctoral research fellow at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Currently, he is working as an associate professor of radiology in Istanbul, Turkey. He has more than 50 high-impact-factor publications and has written 3 book chapters. He is a member of Turkish Society of Radiology and European Society of Radiology. During the recent years, there have been major breakthroughs in MRI due to developments in scanner technology and pulse sequencing. These important achievements have led to remarkable improvements in neuroimaging and advanced techniques, including diffusion imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, perfusion imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional MRI. These advanced neuroimaging techniques have enabled us to achieve invaluable insights into tissue microstructure, microvasculature, metabolism, and brain connectivity.

Download or read book NMR of Paramagnetic Molecules written by Ivano Bertini and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NMR of Paramagnetic Molecules: Applications to Metallobiomolecules and Models, Second Edition is a self-contained, comprehensive reference for chemists, physicists, and life scientists whose research involves analyzing paramagnetic compounds. Since the previous edition of this book was published, there have been many advancements in the field of paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy. This completely updated and expanded edition contains the latest fundamental theory and methods for mastery of this analytical technique. Users will learn how to interpret the NMR spectra of paramagnetic molecules, improve experimental techniques, and strengthen their understanding of the underlying theory and applications. Reflects all advances in the field in a completely updated new edition Presents new material on self-orientation residual dipolar couplings, solid state NMR, dynamic nuclear polarization, and paramagnetic restraints for structure calculations Includes information relevant to paramagnetic molecules, metallobiomolecules, paramagnetic compounds, and paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy Presents specific examples of paramagnetic inorganic species and experimental techniques for structure characterization

Download or read book Biological NMR Part A written by A.Joshua Wand and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological NMR, Part A, the latest release in the Methods of Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics such as Protein methyl labeling, Membrane protein expression - yeast, Protein aromatic labeling, His-tag/Metal contamination, Bicelles, nanodiscs and micelles MP host, PTM - phosphorylation, PTM - lipidation, Screening platform for receptor-ligand discovery Solution Spectroscopy, Large protein strategies, NUS data collection/analysis, F19 incl. hydration, ODNP - hydration, Reverse micelle - Hydration Solid State Spectroscopy, SS NMR membrane proteins, SS NMR soluble/aggregate proteins, SS DNP - general, SS NMR nucleic acids, Structure determination and computer analysis, and much more.

Download or read book Bioimaging written by Shoogo Ueno and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-05-26 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioimaging: Imaging by Light and Electromagnetics in Medicine and Biology explores new horizons in biomedical imaging and sensing technologies, from the molecular level to the human brain. It explores the most up-to-date information on new medical imaging techniques, such as the detection and imaging of cancer and brain diseases. This book also provides new tools for brain research and cognitive neurosciences based on new imaging techniques. Edited by Professor Shoogo Ueno, who has been leading the field of biomedical imaging for 40 years, it is an ideal reference book for graduate and undergraduate students and researchers in medicine and medical physics who are looking for an authoritative treatise on this expanding discipline of imaging and sensing in medicine and biology. Features: Provides step-by-step explanations of biochemical and physical principles in biomedical imaging Covers state-of-the art equipment and cutting-edge methodologies used in biomedical imaging Serves a broad spectrum of readers due to the interdisciplinary topic and approach Shoogo Ueno, Ph.D, is a professor emeritus of the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. His research interests include biomedical imaging and bioelectromagnetics, particularly in brain mapping and neuroimaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He was the President of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, BEMS (2003-2004) and the Chairman of the Commission K on Electromagnetics in Biology and Medicine of the International Union of Radio Science, URSI (2000-2003). He was named the IEEE Magnetics Society Distinguished Lecturer during 2010 and received the d’Arsonval Medal from the Bioelectromagnetics Society in 2010.