Download or read book Charged Particle Spectra in sup 32 S sup 32 S Interactions at 200 GeV nucleon from CCD imaged Nuclear Collisions in a Streamer Chamber written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have measured the transverse momentum spectra 1/p{sub T} dN/dp{sub T} and rapidity distributions dN/dy of negatively charged hadrons and protons for central 32S + 32S interactions at 200 GeV/nucleon incident energy. The negative hadron dN/dy distribution is too broad to be accounted for by thermal models which demand isotropic particle emission. It is compatible with models which emphasize longitudinal dynamics, by either a particle production mechanism, as in the Lund fragmentation model, or by introducing one-dimensional hydrodynamic expansion, as in the Landau model. The proton dN/dy distribution, although showing no evidence for a peak in the target fragmentation region, exhibits limited nuclear stopping power. We estimate the mean rapidity shift of participant target protons to be?y - 1.5, greater than observed for pp collisions, less than measured in central pA collisions, and much less than would be observed for a single equilibrated fireball at midrapidity. Both the negative hadron and proton dN/dy distributions can be fit by a symmetric Landau two-fireball model. Although the spectrum possesses a two-component structure, a comparison to pp data at comparable center-of-mass energy shows no evidence for enhanced production at low p{sub T}. The two-component structure can be explained by a thermal and chemical equilibrium model which takes into account the kinematics of resonance decay. Using an expression motivated by longitudinal expansion we find the same temperature for both the protons and negative hadrons at freezeout, T{sub f} - 170 MeV. We conclude that the charged particle spectra of negative hadrons and protons can be accommodated in a simple collision picture of limited nuclear stopping, evolution through a state of thermal equilibrium, followed by longitudinal hydrodynamic expansion until freezeout.
Download or read book Charged Particle Spectra in 32S 32S Interactions at 200 GeV nucleon from CCD imaged Nuclear Collisions in a Streamer Chamber written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have measured the transverse momentum spectra 1/p[sub T] dN/dp[sub T] and rapidity distributions dN/dy of negatively charged hadrons and protons for central [sup 32]S + [sup 32]S interactions at 200 GeV/nucleon incident energy. The negative hadron dN/dy distribution is too broad to be accounted for by thermal models which demand isotropic particle emission. It is compatible with models which emphasize longitudinal dynamics, by either a particle production mechanism, as in the Lund fragmentation model, or by introducing one-dimensional hydrodynamic expansion, as in the Landau model. The proton dN/dy distribution, although showing no evidence for a peak in the target fragmentation region, exhibits limited nuclear stopping power. We estimate the mean rapidity shift of participant target protons to be [Delta]y [approximately] 1.5, greater than observed for pp collisions, less than measured in central pA collisions, and much less than would be observed for a single equilibrated fireball at midrapidity. Both the negative hadron and proton dN/dy distributions can be fit by a symmetric Landau two-fireball model. Although the spectrum possesses a two-component structure, a comparison to pp data at comparable center-of-mass energy shows no evidence for enhanced production at low p[sub T]. The two-component structure can be explained by a thermal and chemical equilibrium model which takes into account the kinematics of resonance decay. Using an expression motivated by longitudinal expansion we find the same temperature for both the protons and negative hadrons at freezeout, T[sub f] [approximately] 170 MeV. We conclude that the charged particle spectra of negative hadrons and protons can be accommodated in a simple collision picture of limited nuclear stopping, evolution through a state of thermal equilibrium, followed by longitudinal hydrodynamic expansion until freezeout.
Download or read book Charged Particle Spectra in 32 S 32 S Interactions at 200 GeV Nucleon from CCD Imaged Nuclear Collisions in a Streamer Chamber written by Lawrence Paul Teitelbaum and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Charged Particle Spectra in sup 32 sup 32 Interactions at 200 GeV written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have measured the transverse momentum spectra 1/p[sub T] dN/dp[sub T] and rapidity distributions dN/dy of negatively charged hadrons and protons for central [sup 32]S + [sup 32]S interactions at 200 GeV/nucleon incident energy. The negative hadron dN/dy distribution is too broad to be accounted for by thermal models which demand isotropic particle emission. It is compatible with models which emphasize longitudinal dynamics, by either a particle production mechanism, as in the Lund fragmentation model, or by introducing one-dimensional hydrodynamic expansion, as in the Landau model. The proton dN/dy distribution, although showing no evidence for a peak in the target fragmentation region, exhibits limited nuclear stopping power. We estimate the mean rapidity shift of participant target protons to be [Delta]y [approximately] 1.5, greater than observed for pp collisions, less than measured in central pA collisions, and much less than would be observed for a single equilibrated fireball at midrapidity. Both the negative hadron and proton dN/dy distributions can be fit by a symmetric Landau two-fireball model. Although the spectrum possesses a two-component structure, a comparison to pp data at comparable center-of-mass energy shows no evidence for enhanced production at low p[sub T]. The two-component structure can be explained by a thermal and chemical equilibrium model which takes into account the kinematics of resonance decay. Using an expression motivated by longitudinal expansion we find the same temperature for both the protons and negative hadrons at freezeout, T[sub f] [approximately] 170 MeV. We conclude that the charged particle spectra of negative hadrons and protons can be accommodated in a simple collision picture of limited nuclear stopping, evolution through a state of thermal equilibrium, followed by longitudinal hydrodynamic expansion until freezeout.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.
Download or read book Hadron Production in S nucleus Collisions at 200 GeV written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central collisions between nuclei at relativistic energies form a hot and dense hadronic system over a large volume. Phenomenological models, as well as QCD calculations on the lattice, predict a phase transition in nuclear matter leading to deconfinement, a state of matter in which quarks and gluons are free to move inside the entire volume of the deconfined region. This new state was given the name of Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). Based on the conjecture that collisions of heavy nuclei at high energies can create the necessary condition of a high energy density thermalized system, a series of experiments were built to search for possible signals of QGP creation. The NA35 collaboration uses a wide acceptance apparatus at the CERN SPS which detects the majority of charged hadrons (h{sup {+-}}), and neutral strange particles produced in reactions of p, 16O and 32S projectiles at 60 and 200 GeV/nucleon lab momentum on different targets. It consists of two major tracking devices which provide the momentum measurement of the charged particles: a 2 m long streamer chamber (SC) which is placed inside a 1.5 T vertex magnet, viewed by three cameras, and a 2.5x1.5x1.0 m3 Time Projection Chamber (TPC). A set of calorimeters was used as the basic trigger device of the experiment, to select central (small impact parameter) collisions. In the data presented here, a calorimeter placed in the beam path selects near head-on collisions, i.e. events where only a small amount of energy (mostly spectator nucleon energy) was detected in an angular acceptance of less than 0.3 degrees around the beam axis. The data sample consists of three systems: S+S, S+Ag and S+Au at 200 GeV/c with trigger cross section of 3, 3.2 and 6% of the total inelastic cross section, respectively.
Download or read book Pseudorapidity Densities and Fluctuations in Central Sup 32 S Interactions at 200A GeV written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observations of heavy ion interactions at the highest available accelerator energies provide essential information for the analysis and interpretation of cosmic ray interactions. We report on an experiment in which emulsion chamber detectors were exposed to beams of 200A GeV 32S ions at the CERN SPS. We present statistical features of pseudorapidity distributions from central collisions in the experimental sample and compare them with the predictions from the Lund Model (FRITIOF) which contains only conventional physics. 8 refs., 3 figs.
Download or read book Intermittency in Sup 32 S S and Sup 32 S Au Collisions at the CERN SPS written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonstatistical or intermittent'' fluctuations of charged particle multiplicities have been investigated at the CERN SPS with the WA80 multiplicity array for 32S+S and 32S+Au collisions of varying centrality. Within the phase space domain studied there is no evidence for intermittency in these collisions beyond that accounted for by FRITIOF filtered through a full detector simulation.
Download or read book Identified Particle Spectra from DE dx Ionization Measurements in Pb Pb Collisions at 158 A GeV c written by Jason Warren Dunn and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particle Detectors written by Hermann Kolanoski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 949 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the fundamentals of particle detectors as well as their applications. Detector development is an important part of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics, and through its applications in radiation imaging, it paves the way for advancements in the biomedical and materials sciences. Knowledge in detector physics is one of the required skills of an experimental physicist in these fields. The breadth of knowledge required for detector development comprises many areas of physics and technology, starting from interactions of particles with matter, gas- and solid-state physics, over charge transport and signal development, to elements of microelectronics. The book's aim is to describe the fundamentals of detectors and their different variants and implementations as clearly as possible and as deeply as needed for a thorough understanding. While this comprehensive opus contains all the materials taught in experimental particle physics lectures or modules addressing detector physics at the Master's level, it also goes well beyond these basic requirements. This is an essential text for students who want to deepen their knowledge in this field. It is also a highly useful guide for lecturers and scientists looking for a starting point for detector development work.
Download or read book Transverse Momentum Dependence of Bose Einstein Correlations in S nucleus Collisions at 200 GeV written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NA35 experiment has collected a high statistics set of momentum analyzed negative hadrons near and forward of mid-rapidity for central collisions of 200 GeV/Nucleon 32S projectiles incident on S, Ag and Au targets. Using two pion momentum space correlations in order to study the size of the source of particle production, small dependences upon transverse momentum are found for the transverse source dimensions; however for the heaviest system, R{sub long} decreases by about 40% as transverse momentum is increased over the interval 50
Download or read book High energy Particle Spectra from Proton Interactions at 19 2 GeV c written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pseudorapidity Distributions and Correlations in Central Sup 16 O Interactions at 200 A GeV written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether or not adequate energy densities for a transition to the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) phase are possible in 16O and 32S induced reactions is still an open question. Before unambiguous signals can be identified it is necessary to understand the background upon which the expected QGP signatures can be sought. An important aim of early experiments in this new energy density regime is thus to understand the process of hadronization in a nuclear environment. In any discussion of high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions formation time is an important feature. If, for example, the final state particles are produced instantaneously in a bound hadron-nucleon collision, all these particles will have a chance to reinteract inside the nuclear medium. If, on the other hand, the formation time is long, i.e., longer than the nuclear diameter, the energy flux will stay together as a unit throughout its passage through the target nucleus. While these extreme cases are clearly unrealistic, one expects interaction parameters such as the multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions to be sensitive functions of the formation time. Here we present results on charged hadron production in an experiment using tracking detectors with the highest possible spatial resolution: emulsion chambers. A sample of the most central collisions will be compared to the predictions of the Lund Model, which does an accurate job of representing conventional physics in nuclear collisions. We can use the high resolution of our detectors to examine spatial correlations in several ways. In particular, the radial size of the particle formation region can be estimated using pion interferometry techniques. 12 refs., 3 figs.
Download or read book Spectra of Pions and Protons in Nuclear Collisions at 200 GeV nucleon written by Blevis Ira and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transverse Energy and Neutral Pion Spectra Obtained from 16O and 32S induced Reactions at 200 GeV written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main goal of the CERN heavy-ion experiments is the search for an indication that the predicted state of deconfined quarks and gluons, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), has been produced. The most promising indication that this may, in fact, be the case comes from the NA38 dimuon measurements, which are focused on the question of J//psi/ suppression. This effect was predicted to be one of the signatures of QGP formation before any measurements were made, and it is the subject of the two other talks at this conference that deal with nucleus-nucleus reactions at ultrarelativistic energies. In this presentation we consider the general (global) features of heavy-ion reactions at CERN energies, and we examine the degree to which they differ from mere superpositions of nucleon-nucleon collisions. We discuss the present status of our data analysis and our main conclusions from the first round of CERN experiments with emphasis on transverse energy measurements, on attained energy densities, and on the spectra of produced neutral pions. Because of time limitations we will not discuss our measurements of distributions of charged particles and the analysis of these distributions in terms of fluctuations nor the results that we have obtained with the Plastic Ball on the behavior of target spectator matter. 20 refs., 5 figs.
