Download or read book Charge Dynamics Near Phase Transitions in Two dimensional Systems written by Lily Joy Stanley and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strongly correlated materials manifest some of the most intriguing behaviors found in condensed matter physics. However, their understanding remains a challenge because they cannot be described using standard theoretical approaches, as such systems are complex and typically have many competing degrees of freedom. Many strongly correlated systems are realized in layered or highly anisotropic materials, and they behave as effectively two-dimensional systems. When the dimensionality is reduced, fluctuations due to the competition between degrees of freedom are more pronounced and easier to observe. Anomalous transport properties are one of the hallmarks of strongly correlated materials; thus, charge transport measurements have proven remarkably effective for their study. This thesis focuses on three very different two-dimensional (2D) materials using charge transport to understand the origin of some of the observed behaviors. The electron system (ES) in Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) is a model strongly correlated system with only the interplay of Coulomb interactions and disorder. The insight from this simple system can help to build a more general picture of strongly correlated materials. Second, atomically thin layers of WSe2 produce a unique 2D system to study the universality of the correlated phenomena observed in Si MOSFETs. Finally, the Cu-O planes of La-214 compounds with charge and spin stripe order are complex materials, which behave effectively as 2D, with the interplay of many orders. By varying the dopant of the La-214 compound, the origin of the correlated behaviors can be probed. In the first two materials, the 2D MIT is controlled by applying a gate voltage. The existence of the 2D MIT is supported by an abundance of experimental data but remains poorly understood. Within experimental systems, both electron-electron interactions and disorder are present; however, the theory of their interplay is not fully developed. Studies performed on highly disordered Si MOSFETs suggest the importance of Coulomb interactions for the glassy dynamics observed at low electron densities. Therefore, the first study discussed in this thesis explores relaxations of conductivity in a strongly disordered 2DES with screened Coulomb interactions after the system is quenched-revealing the necessity of long-range Coulomb interactions for the existence of the collective (glassy) relaxation dynamics. Additionally, we have shown that, in the 2DES of the Si MOSFET weakly thermally coupled to the environment, abnormally long relaxations are observed in the presence of short-range interactions, suggesting that the system is in the proximity to a many-body-localized phase. Thus our results also demonstrate a promising new platform for exploring the breakdown of thermalization and MBL in real materials. Evidence of quantum criticality associated with the MIT has been almost exclusively studied in Si MOSFETs. Our second study reveals quantum criticality in WSe2 field-effect transistors showing that transition metal dichalcogenides are viable systems for the low-temperature investigation of the 2D MIT. Our scaling analysis found that the critical exponents agree with those found in low-disordered Si MOSFETs in the presence of local magnetic moments. These findings pave the way for further studies of the fundamental quantum mechanical properties of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. The final study focuses on fluctuations of charge order (CO) and the magnetoresistance (MR) of stripe-ordered La-214 cuprates. The dynamics of CO are thought to be relevant for the unconventional properties of the normal state and high-temperature superconductivity. We report observations of dynamic charge stripes close to the charge order (and structural) transition in response to temperature perturbations but absent in magnetic field in La1.875Ba0.125CuO4. These dynamic behaviors are only observed when the transition is approached from the charge-ordered state. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the MR of several La-214 single crystals is presented to establish which behaviors are characteristic of the family of materials as opposed to dopant specific. Together, these three studies contribute to understanding the complex interplay of orders found in strongly correlated materials.

Download or read book Phase Transitions in Two Dimensional Complex Plasmas written by Christina A. Knapek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-21 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two experimental studies reported in this thesis contribute important new knowledge about phase transitions in two-dimensional complex plasmas: in one case a determination of the coupling parameter (ratio of mean potential to mean kinetic energy of the particles in an ensemble), and in the other a detailed characterization of the non-equilibrium recrystallization of a two-dimensional system. The latter results are used to establish the connection between structural order parameters and the kinetic energy, which in turn gives novel insights into the underlying physical processes determining the two-dimensional phase transition.

Download or read book Phase Transition Dynamics written by Akira Onuki and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-06-06 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase Transition Dynamics, first published in 2002, provides a fully comprehensive treatment of the study of phase transitions. Building on the statistical mechanics of phase transitions, covered in many introductory textbooks, it will be essential reading for researchers and advanced graduate students in physics, chemistry, metallurgy and polymer science.

Download or read book Phase Transitions and Relaxation in Systems with Competing Energy Scales written by T. Riste and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systems with competing energy scales are widespread and exhibit rich and subtle behaviour, although their systematic study is a relatively recent activity. This text presents lectures given at a NATO Advanced Study Institute reviewing the current knowledge and understanding of this fascinating subject, particularly with regard to phase transitions and dynamics, at an advanced tutorial level. Both general and specific aspects are considered, with competitions having several origins; differences in intrinsic interactions, interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic effects, such as geometry and disorder; irreversibility and non-equilibration. Among the specific physical application areas are supercooled liquids and glasses, high-temperature superconductors, flux or vortex pinning and motion, charge density waves, domain growth and coarsening, and electron solidification.

Download or read book Quantum Phase Transitions written by Subir Sachdev and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-07 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describing the physical properties of quantum materials near critical points with long-range many-body quantum entanglement, this book introduces readers to the basic theory of quantum phases, their phase transitions and their observable properties. This second edition begins with a new section suitable for an introductory course on quantum phase transitions, assuming no prior knowledge of quantum field theory. It also contains several new chapters to cover important recent advances, such as the Fermi gas near unitarity, Dirac fermions, Fermi liquids and their phase transitions, quantum magnetism, and solvable models obtained from string theory. After introducing the basic theory, it moves on to a detailed description of the canonical quantum-critical phase diagram at non-zero temperatures. Finally, a variety of more complex models are explored. This book is ideal for graduate students and researchers in condensed matter physics and particle and string theory.

Download or read book Phase Transitions in Surface Films 2 written by H. Taub and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advanced Study Institute (AS I) entitled "Phase Transitions in Surface Films" was held at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture in Erice, Sicily from June 19 to June 29, 1990. It reviewed the present understanding (experimental and theoretical) of phase transitions of surfaces, interfaces, and thin ftlms as well as the related structural and dynamical properties of these systems. From its inception, this ASI was envisioned as a sequel to one of the same title organized eleven years earlier by J. G. Dash and J. Ruvalds which was also held at the Ettore Majorana Centre. The previous ASI reflected the progress which had been made in understanding quasi two-dimensional (2D) states of matter, particularly adsorbed monolayers, and the phase transitions which occur in them. At that time, the field was barely ten years old. The modern field to which we are referring here can be traced to the landmark experiments of A. Thorny and X. Duval. Beginning in 1967, they published a series of papers presenting evidence from vapor pressure measurements of 2D phases of krypton and other gases adsorbed on polycrystalline (exfoliated) graphite. Their work led to a large number of thermodynamic and scattering experiments on physisorbed ftlms. This in turn motivated a great deal of theoretical interest in 2D systems and their phase transitions.

Download or read book Dynamics Near Quantum Criticality in Two Space Dimensions written by Snir Gazit and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-09 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work addresses dynamical aspects of quantum criticality in two space dimensions. It probes two energy scales: the amplitude (Higgs) mode, which describes fluctuations of the order parameter amplitude in the broken symmetry phase and the dual vortex superfluid stiffness. The results demonstrate that the amplitude mode can be probed arbitrarily close to criticality in the universal line shape of the scalar susceptibility and the optical conductivity. The hallmark of quantum criticality is the emergence of softening energy scales near the phase transition. In addition, the author employs the charge-vortex duality to show that the capacitance of the Mott insulator near the superfluid to insulator phase transition serves as a probe for the dual vortex superfluid stiffness. The numerical methods employed are described in detail, in particular a worm algorithm for O(N) relativistic models and methods for numerical analytic continuation of quantum Monte Carlo data. The predictions obtained are particularly relevant to recent experiments in cold atomic systems and disordered superconductors.

Download or read book Dynamical Phase Transitions in Chaotic Systems written by Edson Denis Leonel and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses some scaling properties and characterizes two-phase transitions for chaotic dynamics in nonlinear systems described by mappings. The chaotic dynamics is determined by the unpredictability of the time evolution of two very close initial conditions in the phase space. It yields in an exponential divergence from each other as time passes. The chaotic diffusion is investigated, leading to a scaling invariance, a characteristic of a continuous phase transition. Two different types of transitions are considered in the book. One of them considers a transition from integrability to non-integrability observed in a two-dimensional, nonlinear, and area-preserving mapping, hence a conservative dynamics, in the variables action and angle. The other transition considers too the dynamics given by the use of nonlinear mappings and describes a suppression of the unlimited chaotic diffusion for a dissipative standard mapping and an equivalent transition in the suppression of Fermi acceleration in time-dependent billiards. This book allows the readers to understand some of the applicability of scaling theory to phase transitions and other critical dynamics commonly observed in nonlinear systems. That includes a transition from integrability to non-integrability and a transition from limited to unlimited diffusion, and that may also be applied to diffusion in energy, hence in Fermi acceleration. The latter is a hot topic investigated in billiard dynamics that led to many important publications in the last few years. It is a good reference book for senior- or graduate-level students or researchers in dynamical systems and control engineering, mathematics, physics, mechanical and electrical engineering.

Download or read book Dynamics of First Order Phase Transitions in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Systems written by S. W. Koch and published by Springer. This book was released on 1984-08 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Continuous Phase Transitions in Two Dimensional Systems written by W. N. Unertl and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article reviews recent experimental studies of the phase transitions which occur on reconstructed surfaces and in layers of chemisorbed atoms. Emphasis is given to systems which exhibit continuous transitions. The experimental results are presented in the context of current theories which emphasize the roles of symmetry, dimensionally and universality. The limitations currently imposed by sample quality and experimental techniques are also discussed. Results from individual systems are surveyed and promising future directions including studies of finite size effects are discussed.

Download or read book Quantum Phase Transitions in Transverse Field Models written by Amit Dutta and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-28 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book establishes the fundamental connections between the physics of quantum phase transitions and the technological promise of quantum information.

Download or read book Phase Transitions in Colloidal Suspensions written by B. J. Ackerson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first five articles in this issue emphasize equilibrium phases and structures. The hard sphere properties of sterically stabilized particle suspensions are examined in the article by van Megan, Pusey and Bartlett, a colloidal compound is discussed by Hachisu and attractive interactions are shown to produce a full complement of phase transitions including a liquid/gas transition by Emmett and Vincent. Recent theoretical interest in the nature of melting in two dimensions has led to the investigation of the melting transition in colloidal systems where the particles are constrained to a single layer. Murray, Van Winkle and Wenk present experimental results supporting the view that two dimensional melting is mediated by two second order transitions, while Tang, Armstrong, Mockler and O'Sullivan present results suggesting a first order process in a similar colloidal monolayer.

Download or read book Photoinduced Phase Transitions Studied by Femtosecond Single shot Spectroscopy written by Taeho Shin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single-shot femtosecond spectroscopy has been developed and employed for the study of phase transitions of solid-state materials. Using two crossed echelons, a two dimensional spatial delay gradient was generated across a single probe pulse profile. This novel scheme enables us to monitor irreversible change in solids by acquiring many time-resolved data points with a single laser pulse. With the integration with a non-collinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) and a conventional pump-probe instrument, ultrafast dynamics of coherent lattice vibrations and photo-induced phase transitions were examined in two different systems. Ultrafast dynamics such as coherent lattice vibrations and bond softening were investigated for Bi thin films and bulk single crystals. Depending on the thickness, transient reflectivity was changed significantly. The variations are ascribed to different electronic structures possibly originating from quantum confinement. Bond softening exhibits a strong thickness dependence due to hot carrier dynamics as well as to the different electronic structures. At high pump fluences, no phonon oscillations were observed suggesting a phase transition to liquid or to a higher symmetry crystalline phase (reverse Peierls distortion). Together with thermal modeling, double pump measurements reveal nonthermal melting occurring in bulk and thin Bi films. A higher threshold fluence for nonthermal melting is observed in bulk bismuth as compared to thin films, suggesting ultrafast carrier dynamics such as ballistic transport. In addition to nonthermal effects, thermal effects such as inelastic electron-phonon scattering and nonradiative recombination play a crucial role in melting and cooling at later times after nonthermal melting takes place. A quasi one-dimensional platinum iodide complex showed strong oscillations in reflectivity which are attributed to oscillatory motions of wave packets on a selftrapped exciton (STE) potential surface., As optical excitation increased, electron transfer from Pt 2+ to an adjacent Pt4+ occurred over a wider range of lattice sites and weakened the oscillations. Above a certain pump fluence, oscillations disappeared completely indicating that the mixed valence, charge density wave state changed to monovalent, Mott-Hubbard phase. The reverse phase transition, i.e., from the MottHubbard phase to the charge density wave state began within 3 ps of the optical pump.

Download or read book Condensed Matter Theories written by Feodor V. Kusmartsev and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pt. A. Statistical mechanics, magnetism, quantum and nonlinear dynamics. The groundstates and phases of the two-dimensional fully frustrated XY model / P. Minnhagen, S. Bernhardsson and B.J. Kim. 2D Ising model with competing interactions and its application to clusters and arrays of [symbol]-rings, graphene and adiabatic quantum computing / A. O'Hare, F.V. Kusmartsev and K.I. Kugel. Concerning the equation of state for a partially ionized system / G.A. Baker Jr. Quasiclassical Fourier path integral quantum correction terms to the kinetic energy of interacting quantum many-body systems / K.A. Gernoth. Ergodicity and chaos in a system of harmonic oscillators / M.H. Lee. Chaotic modes in scale free opinion networks / F.V. Kusmartsev and K.E. Kürten. Astroid curves for a synthetic antiferromagnetic stack in an applied magnetic field / D.M. Forrester [und weitere]. Entanglement properties of quantum many-body wave functions / J.W. Clark [und weitere] -- pt. B. Fermi and Bose fluids. Topological phase transitions in strongly correlated Fermi systems / J.W. Clark, V.A. Khodel and M.V. Zverev. Deconfinement and quantum liquid crystalline states of dipolar fermions in optical lattices / S.T. Carr, J. Quintanilla and J.J. Betouras. On the "generalized Slater" approximation / J. Messud [und weitere]. Fluid helium-4 in thermal equilibrium / K.A. Gernoth and M.L. Ristig. Microscopic approach in the description of slowing of electromagnetic pulses in BEC of alkalis / Y. Slyusarenko and A. Sotnikov. Anomalous behavior of ideal Fermi gas below 2D : The "ideal quantum dot" and the Paul exclusion principle / M. Grether, M. de Llano and M.H. Lee -- pt. C. Transport theory. On the quantum Hall effect in graphene / S. Fujita [und weitere]. Modelling charge transport in DNA using transfer matrices with diagonal terms / S.A. Wells, C.-T. Shih and R.A. Römer. Similarities between embolic stroke and percolation problems / J.P. Hague. Extraordinary magnetoresistance in hybrid semiconductor-metal systems / T.H. Hewett and F.V. Kusmartsev. Topological aspects of the specific heat / C.M. Sarris and A.N. Proto. Effects of electron-electron interactions in two dimensions / S.V. Kravchenko

Download or read book Phase Transitions in Two dimensional Colloidal Systems written by Hans-Hennig von Grünberg and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Theory of Phase Transitions in Chemisorbed Two dimensional Systems written by Lyle Dean Roelofs and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phase Transitions in Two dimensional Itinerant Electron Systems written by Matthew James Trott and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: